The effect of locomotor activity on the growth of brook charr, Salvelinus fontinalis Mitchill

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 843-846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre East ◽  
Pierre Magnan
Keyword(s):  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Individual Growth ◽  
Water Current ◽  
Brook Charr ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Water Speed

Yearling hatchery-reared brook charr, Salvelinus fontinalis Mitchill, were trained during a 20-day period at different water velocities: 0.00, 0.85, 1.72, and 2.50 body lengths/s (bl/s). Our results indicate that growth (wet weight), food conversion efficiency, and the deposition of lipids on the digestive tract were maximized at 0.85 bl/s. The individual growth (wet weight) was also more homogeneous at this water speed. The storage of lipids in the white muscles was significantly lower in still water (0.00 bl/s) while the increase in length, the increase in the dry weight of the carcass (whole fish less internal organs), and the relative water content of the muscle showed no significant differences between the tested water velocities. Behavioural observations indicated that the frequency of agonistic behaviours between individuals was important in still water, but decreased significantly in the presence of a water current.

Age-bodyweight relationships to lung growth in the F344 rat as indexed by lung weight measurements

1986 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. I. Tillery ◽  
B. E. Lehnert
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Lung Growth ◽  
Lung Weight ◽  
Lung Lobe ◽  
F344 Rat ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
F344 Rats ◽  
Lung Lobes

Measurements of the total lung weights and the individual weights of the lung lobes of male F344 rats ranging in age from about 30 days to 140 days or more were made in order to determine how lung growth and the growths of the individual lung lobes relate to bodyweight over the course of maturation of this species. Additionally, in this study we also (1) compared how each lung lobe grows relative to total lung growth, (2) evaluated the ratios of lung dry weight to wet weight and (3) obtained information on the weights of the trachea and extra-hilar main-stem bronchi as the F344 rat matures. The wet weights WLT of the trachea-lung preparations and the pooled lobe weights WPL as functions of rat bodyweight WB could be readily described by the following logarithmic expressions: WLT = 0·596 ln WB - 1·923, r = 0·95; WPL = 0·464 ln WB - 1·566, r = 0·96. Expressed as percentages of the pooled lobe weights, the individual lobes remained at constant values as the animals grew with the exception of the right caudal lobe which decreased between bodyweights of 72 and 96 g; absolute wet weight measurements of the individual lobes indicated that the right cranial, right middle and right intermediate lobes actually decreased in weight between bodyweights of 300 and 385 g. The dry weights of the lobes consistently represented approximately 22% of the wet weights regardless of animal age or bodyweight, and on average the airways represented about 20% of the weights of the intact airway-lung preparations over the course of animal maturation.

scholarly journals Seed Priming Boost Adaptation in Pea Plants under Drought Stress

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2201
Author(s):  
Sally A. Arafa ◽  
Kotb A. Attia ◽  
Gniewko Niedbała ◽  
Magdalena Piekutowska ◽  
Salman Alamery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Pod Length ◽  
Carrot Extract

In the present investigation, we study the effect of Bacillus thuringiensis MH161336 (106–8 CFU/cm3), silicon (25 mL L−1), and carrot extract (75 mL L−1) as seed primers, individually or in combination, on morphological, physio-biochemical and yield components of drought-stressed pea plants (Master B) during 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 seasons. Our results indicated that drought causes a remarkable reduction in plant height, leaf area, number of leaves per plant, and number of flowers per plant in stressed pea plants during two seasons. Likewise, number of pods, pod length, seeds weight of 10 dried plants, and dry weight of 100 seeds were decreased significantly in drought-stressed pea plants. Nevertheless, seed priming with the individual treatments or in combination boosted the morphological, physio-biochemical, and yield characters of pea plants. The best results were obtained with the Bacillus thuringiensis + carrot extract treatment, which led to a remarkable increase in the number of leaves per plant, leaf area, plant height, and number of flowers per plant in stressed pea plants in both seasons. Moreover, pod length, number of seeds per pod, seeds weight of 10 dried plants, and dry weight of 100 seeds were significantly increased as well. Bacillus thuringiensis + carrot extract treatment led to improved biochemical and physiological characters, such as relative water content, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, regulated the up-regulation of antioxidant enzymes, increased seed yield, and decreased lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species, mainly superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, in drought-stressed pea plants.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF NITROGEN, ROOT STIMULATOR, AND GIBBERELLIC ACID ON A SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS OF PEACH SAPLINGS

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Altotanje & Joody
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Agricultural Engineering ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
The Individual ◽  
N Rates ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Characters

This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of nitrogen fertilizer, organic root stimulator and gibberellic acid on some growth characters of peach saplings cv. Red June for two consecutive seasons 2017-2018 at College of Agricultural Engineering Science, University of Baghdad. Different nitrogen (Urea 46%N) rates (0,50,75 gm) with three concentrations of organic stimulator (0,0.5,1 gm.L-1) and two rates of Ga3 (0,50 mg.L-1) were applied in a factorial scheme (3×3×2). Results revealed that the individual and interactive effect of applying nitrogen, root stimulator and GA3 significantly increased the studied characters, the interaction at N2D1G1 has improved the leaf dry weight (42.00%), shoot dry weight (61.33 %), Relative water content (RWC) (60.00%), N (2.68%), P (0.414%) and K (1.94 %) for season 2017, while the treatment N2D2G1 had the highest values at leaf dry weight (46.00 %), shoot dry weight (64.00%), RWC (74.00%) and leaf content of N (2.39%),  P (0.56%), and K (1.99%) for  season 2018.

scholarly journals The Effect of PEG (Polyethylene Glycol) 6000 on Water Spinach (Ipomoea reptans L.) Growth

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
Annisa Nurul Fathia ◽  
Tundjung T. Handayani ◽  
Zulkifli Zulkifli ◽  
Martha L. Lande
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Spinach ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Levene Test

The purpose of this research was to know whether PEG 6000 can decrease the growth of water spinach. This study was conducted in a Completely Randomized Design with main factor is PEG with 3 levels ofconcentration: 0% w/v, 10% w/v, 20% w/v and 30% w/v with 5 repetitions. As parameters were plantheight, number of leaves, fresh weight, dry weight, and relative water content. Levene test, analysis ofvariance, and Tukey test were conducted at 5% level. The result shows that the plant period is positivelylinearly correlated with plant height at all PEG concentrations with different growth rates. Lowest growthrate at 20% and 30% PEG concentrations. PEG with 20% and 30% concentrations significantly decreasein the number of leaves, wet weight, dry weight, but there is no effect on relative water content. Theconclusion is water stress conditions will decrease the growth of water spinach.

BIOASSAY OF PROLACTIN

1969 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles S. Nicoll
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Assay Sensitivity ◽  
Mucosal Epithelium ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Total Dry Weight

ABSTRACT The response of the pigeon crop-sac to systemically acting prolactin (injected subcutaneously) was evaluated by measuring the wet weight of the responsive lateral lobes of the organ and by determining the dry weight of a 4 cm diameter disc of mucosal epithelium taken from one hemicrop. Of several different injection schedules tested, administration of prolactin in four daily injections was found to yield optimal responses. When compared with a graded series of prolactin doses, measurement of the mucosal dry weight proved to be a better method of response quantification than determination of the crop-sac wet weight with respect to both assay sensitivity and precision. The submucosal tissue of the crop-sac was estimated to constitute about 64 % of the total dry weight of the unstimulated organ and it was found to be relatively unresponsive to prolactin stimulation in comparison with the mucosa. The lipid content of the mucosal epithelium was determined using unstimulated crop-sacs or tissues which showed varying degrees of prolactin-induced proliferation. The fat content of the mucosal epithelial cells increased only slightly more rapidly than the dry weight or the defatted dry weight of the mucosa. Suggestions are made for the further improvement of the systemic crop-sac assay for prolactin.

Effect of rhizobacteria strains on the induction of resistance in barley genotypes against Cochliobolus sativus

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Adam
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cochliobolus Sativus ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Barley Genotypes

SummaryEnhancement of the resistance level in plants by rhizobacteria has been proven in several pathosystems. This study investigated the ability of four rhizobacteria strains (Pseudomonas putida BTP1 and Bacillus subtilis Bs2500, Bs2504 and Bs2508) to promote the growth in three barley genotypes and protect them against Cochliobolus sativus. Our results demonstrated that all tested rhizobacteria strains had a protective effect on barley genotypes Arabi Abiad, Banteng and WI2291. However, P. putida BTP1 and B. subtilis Bs2508 strains were the most effective as they reduced disease incidence by 53 and 38% (mean effect), respectively. On the other hand, there were significant differences among the rhizobacteria-treated genotypes on plant growth parameters, such as wet weight, dry weight, plant height and number of leaves. Pseudomonas putida BTP1 strain was the most effective as it significantly increased plant growth by 15-32%. In addition, the susceptible genotypes Arabi Abiad and WI2291 were the most responsive to rhizobacteria. This means that these genotypes have a high potential for increase of their resistance against the pathogen and enhancement of plant growth after the application of rhizobacteria. Consequently, barley seed treatment with the tested rhizobacteria could be considered as an effective biocontrol method against C. sativus.

Respon Akar Bibit Aren Genjah (Arenga pinnata) Di Pembibitan Pada Pemberian Dosis dan Interval Pupuk Organik Cair Nasa

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Yetti Elidar
Keyword(s):  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Treatment Combination ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Dose Study ◽  
Palm Sugar ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

Research on the response of roots of palm sugar palm seeds (Arenga pinnata) in nurseries at doses and intervals of Nasa liquid organic fertilizer. Aims to determine the dosage, interval and combination of dosages and fertilization intervals with Nasa liquid organic fertilizer which can provide the best dry weight of the roots in the nursery. The research design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3x3 factorial experiments and each treatment was repeated 8 (eight) times, consisting of: the first factor was the treatment of POC Nasa dose in a concentration of 3 cc POC Nasa per liter of water (D) consists of 3 levels, namely: d1 = 300 ml POC Nasa, d2 = 400 ml POC Nasa, d3 = 500 ml POC Nasa, while the second factor is the treatment of POC Nasa Interval (I) consisting of 3 levels, namely: i1 = 2 once a week, i2 = once every 3 weeks, i3 = once every 4 weeks. The results of the POC Nasa dose study had a significant effect on leaf wet weight, leaf dry weight, root wet weight and root dry weight. The best dose at this level are: d2 (400 ml of Nasa liquid organic fertilizer), the interval of liquid organic fertilizer Nasa has a significant effect on leaf wet weight, leaf dry weight, root wet weight and root dry weight. The best dose at this level is: i1 (once every 2 weeks). The treatment combination has no significant effect on all parameters. 

PHYTOTOXICITY OF WASTEWATER CONTAINING CADMIUM (Cd) USING OLEANDER

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 1231-1238
Author(s):  
Zeki & Ridha
Keyword(s):  
Translocation Factor ◽  
Preliminary Test ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Exposure Dose ◽  
Test Duration ◽  
Plant Analysis ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Simulated Wastewater ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Plant Shoots

This study was aimed to investigate the ability of N.oleander to remove Cadmium (Cd) from wastewater. A prolonged toxicity test was performed in a single exposure and run for 65 days with various concentrations of Cd. Plants were grown in sand medium and irrigated with simulated wastewater contaminated with Cd, using different concentrations (0, 10, 25, 50, 75 mg/L), which were chosen based on previous preliminary test. The results of physical observation of the plants didn’t show any withering symptoms. The Cd concentration in plants increased, while in water decreased. The results of plant analysis showed that Cd concentration in plant shoots (stems and leaves) was higher than that in roots for almost all exposure doses along the test duration. The concentration of Cd in water decreased significantly from the first week of the test and become (0 mg/l) on day-35 for 10 and 25 mg/l exposure doses, while exceeded the permissible limits for 50 and 75 mg/l exposure doses and were 0.14 and 0.91 mg/l, respectively. Wet weight and dry weight of Oleander decreased with increasing Cd concentration level except for 10 mg/l exposure dose where the plant wet weight and dry weight increased at the end of the test. Bioaccumulation factor (BAF) and Translocation Factor (TF) was found to be greater than 1, indicating that Oleander is a successful hyperaccumulator for Cd.

scholarly journals Gibberellic acid and nitrogen efficiently protect early seedlings growth stage from salt stress damage in Sorghum

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Yousif Adam Ali ◽  
Muhi Eldeen Hussien Ibrahim ◽  
Guisheng Zhou ◽  
Nimir Eltyb Ahmed Nimir ◽  
Aboagla Mohammed Ibrahim Elsiddig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Emergence Percentage ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Stress Damage

AbstractSalinity one of environmental factor that limits the growth and productivity of crops. This research was done to investigate whether GA3 (0, 144.3, 288.7 and 577.5 μM) and nitrogen fertilizer (0, 90 and 135 kg N ha−1) could mitigate the negative impacts of NaCl (0, 100, and 200 mM NaCl) on emergence percentage, seedling growth and some biochemical parameters. The results showed that high salinity level decreased emergence percentage, seedling growth, relative water content, chlorophyll content (SPAD reading), catalase (CAT) and peroxide (POD), but increased soluble protein content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. The SOD activity was decreased by nitrogen. However, the other measurements were increased by nitrogen. The interactive impact between nitrogen and salinity was significant in most parameters except EP, CAT and POD. The seedling length, dry weight, fresh weight, emergence percentage, POD, soluble protein and chlorophyll content were significantly affected by the interaction between GA3 and salinity. The GA3 and nitrogen application was successful mitigating the adverse effects of salinity. The level of 144.3 and 288.7 μm GA3 and the rate of 90 and 135 kg N ha−1 were most effective on many of the attributes studied. Our study suggested that GA3 and nitrogen could efficiently protect early seedlings growth from salinity damage.

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