“EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND CLINICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF COVID19 PATIENTS: A RETROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY OF 245 CASES IN A GOVERNMENT TEACHING INSTITUTE OF NORTH INDIA.”

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-53
Author(s):  
Divya Jain ◽  
Umesh Shukla ◽  
Jyotsna Madan ◽  
Bhanu K Bhakri ◽  
Devendra Kumar Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
North India ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Mild Disease ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Background and objectives: Worldwide literature on presentation of patients infected with novel coronavirus shows huge variability in terms of severity and outcome depending on the demographic characteristics of the affected population. We aim to present epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients admitted at our facility. Methods: Retrospective analysis of epidemiological, and clinical characteristics of patients admitted at a dedicated COVID hospital in North India. Results: Records of 245 patients were analyzed. The mean (SD) age was 32 (17.87) years ranging from 1 day to 81 years. Children <18 years of age constituted around 18% of the study population of which only about a fourth (23%) were symptomatic. About 52.4% of patients were males. Almost 40% cases were detected through contact tracing of known infected patients and in about 56% cases the source of infection was indeterminate. About 67% were asymptomatic and most of the symptomatic patients had mild disease. Among the symptomatic patients cough (19.9%) and fever (17.1%) were most common symptoms followed by throat irritation. Comorbidities were present in 32 (13.06%) patients, of which hypertension in 6.12% was the most common. There were 22 (8.97%) health care workers (HCW) among the patients. Majority of the affected HCW were working in areas with relatively low infection risk. Six (2.44%) patients required oxygen supplementation. The mean duration of stay in hospital was 9.6 ±.57 days. Interpretations & Conclusions: Our observations indicate a relatively younger age of affected population and high proportion of asymptomatic patients. Children are usually asymptomatic with relatively better prognosis.

scholarly journals Transmission and clinical characteristics of asymptomatic patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 373-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Tan ◽  
Shousheng Liu ◽  
Likun Zhuang ◽  
Lizhen Chen ◽  
Mengzhen Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Transmission Characteristics ◽  
Asymptomatic Carriers ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The 2019 novel coronavirus disease, SARS-CoV-2, is now spreading globally and is characterized by person-to-person transmission. However, it has recently been found that individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 can be asymptomatic, and simultaneously a source of infection in others. The viral load detected in nasopharyngeal swabs of asymptomatic carriers is relatively high, with a great potential for transmission. More attention should be paid to the insidious spread of disease and harm contributed by asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers. To provide a theoretical basis for the accurate and early clinical identification of asymptomatic patients, this review objectively summarizes the epidemic status, transmission characteristics and clinical features of asymptomatic patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.

scholarly journals Clinical Characteristics of Asymptomatic Patients with SARS-CoV-2 in Zhejiang: An Imperceptible Source of Infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Dai ◽  
Xinmiao Chen ◽  
Xiaoting Xu ◽  
Zhefeng Leng ◽  
Wenwen Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Asymptomatic Group ◽  
Symptomatic Group ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Objective. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, was first identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and has since spread globally, resulting in an ongoing pandemic. However, the study of asymptomatic patients is still rare, and the understanding of its potential transmission risk is still insufficient. In this study, epidemiological investigations were conducted in the Zhejiang province to understand the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of asymptomatic patients with COVID-19. Methods. This retrospective study was carried out on 22 asymptomatic patients and 234 symptomatic patients with COVID-19 who were hospitalized in Zhejiang Duodi Hospital from January 21 to March 16, 2020. The characteristics of epidemiology, demography, clinical manifestations, and laboratory data of mild patients were compared and analyzed. Results. The median age was 28 years in asymptomatic patients and 48 years in symptomatic patients. The proportion who were female was 77.3% in asymptomatic patients and 36.3% in symptomatic patients (p<0.001). The proportion of patients with coexisting diseases was 4.5% in asymptomatic patients and 38.0% in symptomatic patients (p=0.002). The proportion of patients with increased CRP was 13.6% in the asymptomatic group and 61.1% in the symptomatic group (p<0.001). The proportion of patients received antiviral therapy was 45.5% in the asymptomatic group and 97.9% in the symptomatic group (p<0.001). The proportion of patients received oxygen therapy was 22.7% in the asymptomatic group and 99.1% in symptomatic patients (p<0.001). By March 16, 2020, all patients were discharged from the hospital, and no symptoms had appeared in the asymptomatic patients during hospitalization. The median course of infection to discharge was 21.5 days in asymptomatic patients and 22 days in symptomatic patients. Conclusions. Asymptomatic patients are also infectious; relying only on clinical symptoms, blood cell tests, and radiology examination will lead to misdiagnosis of most patients, leading to the spread of the virus. Investigation of medical history is the best strategy for screening asymptomatic patients, especially young people, women, and people without coexisting disease, who are more likely to be asymptomatic when infected. Although the prognosis is good, isolation is critical for asymptomatic patients, and it is important not to end isolation early before a nucleic acid test turns negative.

scholarly journals Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a Teaching Hospital in Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (08) ◽  
pp. 1059-1065
Author(s):  
Norfazilah Ahmad ◽  
Norzehan Fatimah Mohd Ali ◽  
Azmawati Mohammed Nawi ◽  
Mohd Rohaizat Hassan ◽  
Azimatun Noor Aizuddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Radiological Investigation ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Overseas Travel ◽  
Sporadic Cases

Introduction: Information on the clinical characteristics of local patients with confirmed COVID-19 is limited. This study aims to report the clinical characteristics of 147 patients admitted and receiving treatment at a teaching hospital. Methodology: Patients’ socio-demographic and epidemiological data, clinical features, laboratory findings and clinical outcomes were extracted using a data sheet. Results: The median patient age was 25 [interquartile range (IQR)] 20–44) years, and most of patients were male (68.7%) and of Malaysian nationality (88.4%). Almost half of the patients were from a case cluster related to a religious event (48.3%) and 12.9% had a history of overseas travel. A total of 33.3% of patients were not related to any case cluster, i.e. sporadic cases. Radiological investigation showed that 13.6% of the patients had chest X-ray changes and all laboratory parameters were within the normal ranges. Sixty-six patients (44.9%) experienced symptoms. The most common symptoms were rhinitis (66.7%), followed by fever (19.7%) and cough (15.2%). Age, gender, case cluster, comorbidity status, haemoglobin, albumin, total protein, bilirubin total and alkaline phosphatase level were associated with symptomatic status. Conclusions: In this single-centre study, COVID-19 infection led not only to case clusters, but also to sporadic infections, with patients being either symptomatic or asymptomatic. These sporadic cases and asymptomatic patients may hamper effective contact tracing, leading to rapid human-to-human transmission in our population. Future studies on the prevalence and clinical significance of asymptomatic and presymptomatic COVID-19 patients would pre-emptively address issues on further containment of the pandemic.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Intracranial Hemorrhage Associated with Oral Anticoagulants in Spain: Trends in Anticoagulation Complications Registry – The TAC 2 Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 284-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Zapata-Wainberg ◽  
Sonia Quintas ◽  
Álvaro Ximénez-Carrillo Rico ◽  
Jaime Masjuán Vallejo ◽  
Pere Cardona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intracranial Hemorrhage ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Vitamin K Antagonists ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Functional Independence ◽  
Antithrombotic Treatment ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Hemorrhage Volume ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Related Mortality

Objective: Patients receiving treatment with oral anticoagulants (OACs) are at risk of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). In this study, we describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients receiving OACs who experience ICH and compare those receiving vitamin K antagonists (ICH-VKAs) with those receiving direct OACs (ICH-DOACs). Methods: We performed a national, multicenter, descriptive, observational, retrospective study of all adult patients receiving OACs who were admitted to the neurology department with ICH over a 1-year period. The study population was divided into 2 groups (ICH-VKAs and ICH-DOACs). Epidemiological, clinical, radiological, and therapy-related variables, as well as functional outcome, were compared at 3 months. A total of 366 cases were included (331 ICH-VKAs, 35 ICH- DOACs). Results: The crude annual incidence of OAC-induced ICH was 3.8 (95% CI, 2.78–3.41) per 100,000 inhabitants/year. The mean (± SD) age was greater for ICH-DOACs (81.5 ± 8.3 vs. 77.7 ± 8.3 years; p = 0.012). The median (IQR) volume of the hemorrhage was lower for ICH-DOACs (11 [30.8] vs. 25 [50.7] mL; p = 0.03). The functional independence rate at 3 months (modified Rankin Scale, mRS < 3) was similar in both groups, although stroke-related mortality was greater in ICH-VKAs (40 vs. 72.7%; p = 0.02). The most frequently indicated poststroke antithrombotic therapy was DOACs (38.7%). Conclusion: We found that the incidence of OAC-induced ICH was greater than in previous studies. Hemorrhage volume and mortality were lower in ICH-DOACs than in ICH-VKAs. After stroke, DOACs were the most frequently indicated antithrombotic treatment.

scholarly journals A study on epidemiological and clinical characteristics of measles patients admitted to Sir Ronald Ross institute of tropical and communicable diseases, Hyderabad, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1345
Author(s):  
Asma . ◽  
Anupama Pulla ◽  
Vimala Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Childhood Mortality ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Measles Outbreak ◽  
History Of ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Disease Hospital

Background: Measles is an acute infectious exanthematous disease of childhood caused by paramyxovirus. With increase in immunization coverage levels, the intensity of measles outbreak has decreased in the country. In some parts of India, measles is still a major cause of morbidity and childhood mortality. Objective of the study was to determine the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with macular/maculo-papular rash.Methods: A cross sectional record based retrospective study was carried out at Sir Ronald Ross institute of tropical and communicable diseases, Hyderabad. All the cases admitted in year 2016 with history of fever and macular/maculo-papular rash were included in the study. The study was carried out for 2 months.Results: A total of 639 cases were admitted to infectious disease hospital during the year 2016 with history of fever and rash. The mean age of study population was 6.08±4.9 years. Around 43.7% of cases were in the age group of 1–5 years. The disease was slightly higher among boys (52.3%) as compared to girls (47.7%). Amongst the clinical features, fever and rash were seen in 100%, coryza in 80%, and conjunctivitis in 63.3% of study population.Conclusions: Majority of the children suffering from measles was not vaccinated and the most common reason for failure to immunize children was lack of awareness. There is a need to increase awareness about importance of measles immunization to reduce under five mortality.

scholarly journals Experience of managing first fifty COVID-19 positive peripartum women in a tertiary care centre in North India

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1036
Author(s):  
Vijay Zutshi ◽  
Neha Mohit Bhagwati ◽  
Alka .
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Birth Asphyxia ◽  
Fetal Distress ◽  
North India ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Mild Disease ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
The Mean

Background: SARS-CoV-2 has caused significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Analysis of the clinical profile of COVID-19 positive pregnant women is important to understand the pathophysiology, transmission and outcome of the disease in Indian population.Methods: It is a retrospective observational study of first fifty pregnant patients tested positive for COVID-19 by qRT PCR admitted for delivery in our hospital.Results: In this audit, first fifty COVID-19 pregnant women were studied and the mean age of the patients in this study was 26 years. 98% of these women were admitted for obstetric indications. Seventy two percent of these women were admitted with spontaneous onset of labour. Based on disease severity, 49 (98%) were either asymptomatic or exhibited mild disease and only 1 (2%) had severe disease who succumbed to her illness. Forty six percent patients delivered vaginally and 54% required cesarean delivery. The most common indication for LSCS was fetal distress (43%). Eighteen percent had preterm delivery. Among the newborn babies, one died due to severe birth asphyxia. Sixteen percent babies required NICU stay. Five babies tested positive for COVID-19 of which one baby was positive on day one of life.Conclusions: As per our results, majority of the COVID-19 positive pregnant women had mild disease. There has been increase in cesarean section rate as compared to the previous hospital figures. Only one baby tested positive within 24 hours of delivery so the possibility vertical transmission can not be commented upon as of today.

scholarly journals Techniques of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy—Do We Need to Change Anything?

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 55-58
Author(s):  
Prakash Zacharias ◽  
Hasim Ahamed
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
World Health ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractNovel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread to different parts of the world and was declared a pandemic by World Health Organization (WHO). Health care workers are at increased risk of contracting the disease due to their nature of work and close contact with the patients. Staff in endoscopy need to be aware of this risk due to the aerosol-generating nature of procedures and the presence of virus particles in stool samples of infected persons. The risk of asymptomatic patients spreading the disease is also a cause for concern. This article intends to provide guidance and recommendations for techniques and practice of gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy to prevent infection in endoscopy unit.

scholarly journals Otolaryngology-Specific Symptoms May Be Highly Observed in Patients With a History of Covid-19 Infection After Inactivated Coronavirus Vaccination

2021 ◽  
pp. 014556132110284
Author(s):  
Hakan Avcı ◽  
Burak Karabulut ◽  
Hazal Duygu Eken ◽  
Abdussamet Faraşoğlu ◽  
Tolga Çakil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Sore Throat ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Nasal Congestion ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
History Of ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Specific Symptoms ◽  
Smell Loss

Objective: To evaluate the otolaryngology-specific symptoms that occur after receiving the Covid-19 vaccine and its possible side effects in patients who had Covid-19 infection in the last 6 months before the vaccination. Patients and Methods: The study comprised 3383 health care workers who were vaccinated against Covid 19. After excluding, the study was conducted with 1710 (51%) participants who agreed to answer the study questions. The participants were divided into 2 groups according to the history of Covid-19 positivity in the last 6 months before vaccination. The presence of symptoms related to otolaryngology practice, including cough, nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, sore throat, hearing loss, dizziness, loss of smell, loss of taste, ear pressure, and facial paralysis was recorded. Results: The mean age of the study population was 35.79 ± 10.2 (19-71) years and 1454 (85%) of the patients had a history of Covid-19 infection in the last 6 months. Regarding otolaryngology-related symptoms, the most common complaints were rhinorrhea (4.4%), sore throat (3.2%), and nasal congestion (2.9%). The presence of smell and taste loss, nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, sore throat, and hearing loss was significantly more common in patients with a history of Covid-19 infection. Conclusions: The patients with a history of Covid-19 disease might have otolaryngology-specific symptoms more commonly than those without a history of Covid-19 disease in the last 6 months before vaccination.

scholarly journals COVID-19 infection with asymptomatic or mild disease severity in young patients: Clinical course and association between prevalence of pneumonia and viral load

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0250358
Author(s):  
Cherry Kim ◽  
Wooil Kim ◽  
Ji Hoon Jeon ◽  
Hyeri Seok ◽  
Sun Bean Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Mild Disease ◽  
Recovery Times ◽  
The Mean

Few studies have focused on clinical courses or viral loads in young asymptomatic or mild patients with COVID-19 infection. We sought to better understand the clinical course and association between viral load and prevalence of pneumonia in young COVID-19 patients with asymptomatic or mild disease severity. In this retrospective study, 106 COVID-19 young patients with asymptomatic or mild disease severity were analyzed for clinical characteristics, clinical course, prevalence of radiologically proven pneumonia and viral load. The cut-off value of viral load for presence of pneumonia was also investigated. The mean age was 28.0±9.3 years. Eleven patients (10.4%) experienced viral remission within one week of diagnosis, but one (0.9%) transferred to the hospital due to aggravation of pneumonia. Patients with pneumonia had significantly higher viral load than those without, and the cut-off value of the Ct value for presence of pneumonia were 31.38. The patients with pneumonia had significantly slower recovery times than those without. Diarrhea was significantly more common in patients with pneumonia than patients without pneumonia. In conclusion, most young asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic patients showed stable clinical course. There were significant differences in viral load and recovery times between patients with and without pneumonia.

scholarly journals Prognostic value of sTREM-1 in COVID-19 patients: a biomarker for disease severity and mortality

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro V da Silva Neto ◽  
Jonatan C S de Carvalho ◽  
Vinicius E Pimentel ◽  
Malena M Perez ◽  
Ingryd Carmona-Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Critical Groups ◽  
Receiver Operating Curve ◽  
Mild Disease ◽  
Clinical Scores ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Background: The uncontrolled inflammatory response plays a critical role in the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) is thought to be intricate to inflammatory signal amplification. This study aims to investigate the association between soluble TREM-1 (sTREM-1) and COVID-19 as a prognostic biomarker to predict the disease severity, lethality and clinical management.Methods: We enrolled 91 patients with COVID-19 in domiciliary care (44 patients) or in hospital care (47 patients), who were classified after admission into mild, moderate, severe and critical groups according to their clinical scores. As non-COVID-19 control, 30 healthy volunteers were included. Data on demographic, comorbidities and baseline clinical characteristics were obtained from their medical and nurse records. Peripheral blood samples were collected at admission and after hospitalization outcome to assess cytokine profile and sTREM-1 level by specific immunoassays Results: Within COVID-19 patients, the highest severity was associated with the most significant elevated plasma levels sTREM-1. Using receiver operating curve analysis (ROC), sTREM-1 was found to be predictive of disease severity (AUC= 0.988) and the best cut-off value for predicting in-hospital severity was ≥ 116.5 pg/mL with the sensitivity for 93.3% and specificity for 95.8%. We also described the clinical characteristics of these patients and explored the correlation with markers of the disease aggravation. The levels of sTREM-1 were positively correlated with IL-6, IL-10, blood neutrophils counts, and critical disease scoring (r= 0.68, p<0.0001). On the other hand, sTREM-1 level was significantly negative correlated with lymphocytes counting, and mild disease (r= -0.42, p<0.0001). Higher levels of sTREM-1 were related to poor outcome and death, patients who received dexamethasone tended to have lower sTREM-1 levels. Conclusion: Our results indicated that sTREM-1 in COVID-19 is associated with severe disease development and a prognostic marker for mortality. The use of severity biomarkers such as sTREM-1 together with patients clinical scores could improve the early recognition and monitoring of COVID-19 cases with higher risk of disease worsening. Key words: COVID-19; sTREM-1; Inflammation; Biomarker; Severity; Mortality.

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