OBSERVATIONAL STUDY OF FOREIGN BODIES IN DIGESTIVE TRACT

Background: Parent‘s laxness and lack of attention by leaving small objects at the reach of children contributes to this high incidence of foreign bodies. Ears, noses and throats are the most exposed orifices, hence the incidence of foreign bodies is also high in them. Problem of dealing with aspirated foreign body either swallowed or aspirated are since antiquity. In such cases, no definitive treatment was available and hence, the morbidity and mortality were very high. Aim: To determine the incidence of foreign bodies in the upper aerodigestive tracts according to the age and sex among patients attending ENT department at TMH. Material and methods: This Prospective study was carried out in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, R. G. Kar Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal. Results: Complications after FB ingestion or removal are higher in lower SES group. Lower SES – 19/72(26.7%) while high SES with 10/68(14%). There were statistically no significant difference among the patients according to their Complications when compared with their SES although the percentage of lower status group are more than higher, with p – value=0.5533 {p >0.05}. Conclusion: Adults have more predilections for digestive tract foreign bodies which is mainly because of dietary habits and hasty eating.

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EPIDEMOLOGICAL STUDY OF FOREIGN BODIES IN UPPER AERODIGESTIVE TRACT

10.36106/ijsr/6706469 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Alokendu Bose ◽

Indranil Khatua ◽

Badal Kumar Sahu ◽

Debarshi Jana

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Foreign Bodies ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

P Value ◽

Upper Aerodigestive Tract ◽

Significant Difference ◽

High Incidence ◽

Risk Patients ◽

The Common ◽

Written Informed Consent

Background: Foreign body aspiration may occur at any age, however most of these accidents occur in the children below age three years. The high incidence in young children reflects their tendency to explore their world using their mouths. Furthermore, these children have not yet developed a full posterior dentition, and neuromuscular mechanisms for swallowing and airway protection may not be fully mature. Aim: To describe the common presenting signs and symptoms of foreign bodies among patients attending ENT department at TMH. Material and methods: The present study was carried out in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, R. G. Kar Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal. Approval by the ethics committee of Hospital, Jamshedpur is taken and written informed consent of patients is obtained to conduct the study. The study was conducted from August 2014 to December 2015 for a period of 1 and half years. Result: In our study, there was equal incidence of FB among the various socioeconomic statuses. We have clustered 1 and 2 socioeconomic status as upper status, and 3,4 and 5 as lower status. There were statistically no significant difference in the incidence of FB was seen according to their SES, with p – value = 0.7721 { p > 0.05 }. Conclusion: Proper history and examination are the key components to diagnose foreign bodies. Otolaryngologists should categorise high risk patients on the basis of parity of mother, socioeconomic status and education of care giver, and they should be examined thoroughly.

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Retrospective analysis of pediatric patients with multiple rare-earth magnets ingestion: a single-center experience from China

BMC Pediatrics ◽

10.1186/s12887-021-02642-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yucan Zheng ◽

Zhihua Zhang ◽

Kunlong Yan ◽

Hongmei Guo ◽

Mei Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rare Earth ◽

Digestive Tract ◽

Foreign Bodies ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Medical Center ◽

Rare Earth Magnet ◽

Gastrointestinal Obstruction ◽

Asymptomatic Patients ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Surgical Group

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to characterize patients who ingested multiple rare-earth magnets, reveal the harm of rare-earth magnet foreign bodies in the digestive tract, and develop a clinical management algorithm. Methods This was a retrospective review of patients with rare-earth magnet foreign bodies in the digestive tract admitted to a university-affiliated pediatric medical center in China, between January 2016 and December 2019; the subset of medical data evaluated included clinical symptoms, signs, treatments and outcomes. Results A total of 51 cases were included in this study, including 36(70.6%) males and 15(29.4%) females. The magnets were passed naturally in 24(47.1%) patients and removed by intervention in 27(52.9%) patients, including 5(9.8%) cases by endoscopy and 22(43.1%) cases by surgery. Twenty-two (43.1%)cases had gastrointestinal obstruction, perforation, and fistula. Compared with the non-surgical group, the time of the surgical group from ingestion to arriving at the hospital was longer([80(5–336) vs 26(2–216)]hours, p < 0.001) while there was no significant difference in the mean age or the number of magnets swallowed. Conclusions Magnets are attractive to children, but lead to catastrophic consequences including gastrointestinal obstruction, perforation, and surgical interventions when ingested multiple magnets. Endoscopic resection should be urgently performed in the presence of multiple magnets as early as possible within 24 h, even in asymptomatic patients.

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Variation in lip print pattern between two ethnic groups, Oraon tribals and Bengalee Hindus, residing in West Bengal, India

Anthropological Review ◽

10.2478/anre-2019-0031 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 82 (4) ◽

pp. 405-415

Author(s):

Archita Dey ◽

Mahua Chanak ◽

Kaustav Das ◽

Koel Mukherjee ◽

Kaushik Bose

Keyword(s):

Ethnic Groups ◽

West Bengal ◽

Personal Identification ◽

P Value ◽

Type Ii ◽

Ethnic Variation ◽

Criminal Cases ◽

Chi Square ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chi Square Test

Abstract Lip print pattern (LPP) is unique to each individual. For decades, forensic experts have used LPP for personal identification to solve criminal cases. However, studies investigating ethnic variation in LPP are scanty. Our study wanted to investigate variation in LPP between two ethnic groups, Oraon tribals and Bengalee Hindus, residing in West Bengal, India. A total of 280 participants included 112 Oraons and168 Bengalee Hindus of both. Prints were taken using dark shaded lipstick and transparent cellophane tape and recorded into white A4 sheet. Prints were divided into four quadrants and examined by magnifying glass. For analysis of results, classification of Suzuki and Tsuchihashi was followed. A p value of 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. It was observed that Type II pattern was dominant in first and second quadrants in both ethnic groups, irrespective of sex. Combination of Type II+III was found to be the most common pattern in males among both Oraons (16.2%) and Bengalee Hindus (12.2%) whereas in females Type II pattern (25.0%) among Oraons and Type III pattern among Bengalee Hindus (11.4%) was the most common. Chi square test showed statistically significant difference among females (p<0.05) and in third and fourth quadrants among males (p<0.01) of both ethnic groups. Our investigation clearly demonstrated sex and ethnic variations in LPP. Further studies are required to investigate ethnic variation in LPP among the various populations groups, both tribal as well as non-tribal, from different regions of India.

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A comparative study of health, nutritional status, and dietary pattern of primary school going and dropout slum children in Dhaka City, Bangladesh

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3126/ajms.v7i4.14558 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 59-63

Author(s):

Sharmina Yeasmin ◽

Khaleda Islam

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Primary School ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Well Being ◽

P Value ◽

Dietary Habit ◽

Dhaka City ◽

Socioeconomic Condition ◽

Significant Difference

Background: Health affects not only current well being and future outcomes at individual and society level but also directly reflect the efficiency of health care system and the influence of surrounding environment. This is especially nutritional status of primary school age children which influence their health, dietary habit, cognition and educational achievement.Aims and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to find and compare primary school going and dropout slum children (6-12 years) regarding their health, nutritional status and dietary pattern in four selected slums in Dhaka city, Bangladesh.Materials and Methods: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among 100 children. Nutritional status was measured by collecting anthropometric data (height and weight) using standard techniques and analyzed according to WHO guidelinesResult: Based on WHO standard mean of Body Mass Index (BMI), the prevalence of underweight was higher among school dropout group (76%) than school going group (54%). A statistically significant difference between two groups were found regarding prevalence of stunting (P-value=0.03) and their daily dietary habits, such as, pulses (P-value=0.007), rice, fruits, milk, and meat (P-value=0.00) and fish (P-value=0.002). This study also found that parent’s education, family size, mother’s occupation, and economic status of family have an important impact on children’s education and their nutritional status.Conclusion: Low education levels are linked to poor health and low quality dietary pattern. Lower socioeconomic condition and poor knowledge of parent’s about child education and nutritional diet makes this situation more worse.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.7(4) 2016 59-63

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COMPARISON OF ONDANSETRON AND METOCLOPRAMIDE IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY UNDER GENERAL ANESTHESIA.

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2019.26.07.3825 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (07) ◽

pp. 1197-1202

Author(s):

Hajra Shuja ◽

Mehmood Ali Shah ◽

Sadaf Bokhari

Keyword(s):

Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽

General Anesthesia ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Study Groups ◽

P Value ◽

Significant Difference ◽

High Incidence ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

Trial Setting

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a standard treatment for cholelithiasis. It is a safe and effective treatment in many cases. General anesthesia has a high incidence for PONV. But anti-emetic drugs can help in preventing PONV. Objectives: To compare the efficacy of ondansetron and metoclopramide in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: Department of Anaesthesia, Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore. Period: 6 months i.e. from 15-2-2017 to 15-8-2017. Material & Methods: The patients were divided into two groups. Ondansetron was given to group A patients within 15 minutes of induction, and metoclopramide to group B patients within 15 minutes of induction. Then patients were shifted to the ward after surgery and followed-up for 24 hours for assessment of PONV. All the data was entered and analyzed on SPSS version 20. Results: The mean age of patients in group A was 38.40±12.07 years and in group B was 42.63±11.77 years. The efficacy achieved in 53 were from group A and 39 were from group B Statistically significant difference was found between the study groups i.e. p-value=0.003. Conclusion: Ondansetron showed significantly better efficacy than metoclopramide in preventing PONV after laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia.

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A study to develop and evaluate a need-based curriculum on addiction for students of madrasahs in a rural block of Hooghly district, West Bengal

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20194479 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (10) ◽

pp. 4271

Author(s):

Nazrul Mallick ◽

Rabindra Nath Sinha ◽

Indranil Saha ◽

Aparajita Dasgupta ◽

Bobby Pal

Keyword(s):

Educational Intervention ◽

Life Style ◽

West Bengal ◽

Early Stage ◽

Smoking Habit ◽

Population Group ◽

Knowledge Score ◽

P Value ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Health Educational Intervention

Background: Tobacco smoking habit is imbibed at a very early stage of life and once it is taken up it becomes very difficult to give up. In fact the vast majority of tobacco users worldwide begin the use of tobacco during adolescence. Objective of the study was to develop and evaluate a need-based training curriculum on healthy life style in terms of addiction for Madrasah students of rural West Bengal.Methods: It was a school-based health educational intervention study in rural area of Hooghly district, West Bengal among 189 Madrasahs students.Results: The mean pre-test knowledge score in study Madrasah was 6.06±2.69 and post test score was 10.83±1.69. The calculated t-value was 24.06 and p value was 0.00 with effect size 2.12 (Cohen’s D). The observed increase in the knowledge of consequences of smoking in the study Madrasah after the health education was statistically significant. There was no significant difference in the knowledge of the control Madrasah on the health consequences associated with cigarette smoking in pre and post-test.Conclusions: As adolescent period is the ideal period to impart life-style related training it is obvious that vital opportunities are being missed due to lack of need-based training on life-style issues for this important population group. So, a well-designed need-based health educational intervention may play active role in bringing desired knowledge and behavior among the population group.

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Hypofractionation in Breast Cancer - A Retrospective Study in a Tribal Population Based Medical College in West Bengal, India

Journal of Cancer and Tumor International ◽

10.9734/jcti/2019/v9i130100 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Santanu Acharyya ◽

Bidisha Ghosh ◽

Satadru Biswas

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Adverse Reactions ◽

West Bengal ◽

Population Based ◽

P Value ◽

Tribal Population ◽

Breast Cancer Patients ◽

Medical College ◽

Conventional Regimen ◽

Significant Difference

Introduction: In a tribal population based area in West Bengal, India though carcinoma cervix is the commonest malignancy in female patients, yet apart from that carcinoma breast is also increasing in number in the recent years. Breast cancer accounts for approximately 26.6% of female malignancy in the radiation oncology out-patient-department of our teaching hospital. Aims and Objectives: To compare conventional RT regimen (50 Gy in 25 fractions over 5 weeks) with one hypofractionated regimen (40Gy in 15 fractions over 3 weeks) in stage II & stage III breast cancer patients as adjuvant radiation therapy in terms of local control, survival and adverse reactions. Materials and Methods: It is a retrospective study which has been conducted in the department of Radiotherapy in BSMC (Bankura Sammilani Medical College) spanning from May 2012 to April 2017. A total number of patients included in this study was 302, out of which thirty six patients failed to follow up. So total of 266 patients included in the study were all histologically proved carcinoma breast treated surgically (97.74% by MRM & rest by BCS) with curative intent following which RT was used as adjuvant therapy. In one group (consisting of 133 patients) conventional regimen (50Gy in 25 fractions) was used. In another group (consisting the other 133 patients) dose-schedule used was a hypofractionated one i.e. 40Gy in 15 fractions. Dose per fraction in the 1st group was 2 Gy whereas in 2nd group it was 2.66 Gy. In all patients, RT was given in 5 days a week. Systemic therapy was administered as and when indicated. Results: 4-year disease-free-survival (DFS) in conventional group was 78.94% and in hypofractionated group was 82.70%, (p value >0.05). 4-year overall survival (OS) in conventional group was 81.20% & in hypofractionated group was 85.70%, (p value >0.05). While adverse reactions in terms of both acute & chronic radiation toxicities were considered, there was no significant difference in between the two groups. Conclusion: There is no significant difference between the conventional regimen and this hypofractionated regimen in terms of OS DFS & adverse reactions in this tribal-based Indian population. Hence, in our institution, we usually prefer Hypofractionated radiotherapy (40Gy/15 fractions) in adjuvant settings for breast cancer patients.

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Liver Enzymes and Inpatient Deaths in COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients

Hepatitis Monthly ◽

10.5812/hepatmon.109076 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (11) ◽

Author(s):

Mahmoodreza Khoonsari ◽

Farhad Zamani ◽

Mohammad Hadi Karbalaie Niya ◽

Gholamreza Hemmasi ◽

Hossein Ajdarkosh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Enzymes ◽

Laboratory Data ◽

Hospitalized Patients ◽

Liver Involvement ◽

Common Finding ◽

P Value ◽

Gastrointestinal Involvement ◽

Significant Difference ◽

High Incidence ◽

Independent Association

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) [COVID-19] quickly turned into a pandemic. Gastrointestinal involvement, especially liver diseases, is one of the main complications of COVID-19 patients. Objectives: The current study aimed to evaluate the high incidence of liver involvement in COVID-19 hospitalized patients and its association with mortality. Methods: A total of 560 hospitalized patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 were included. Death was considered as the outcome. In addition to liver enzymes, demographic, clinical, and other laboratory data were also collected. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels ≥ 40 were considered as abnormal. To investigate the association between abnormal levels of liver enzymes and death, multiple regression logistic was used. Results: According to the findings, 29.1% (95% CI = 25.3% - 32.9%) of patients had high levels (≥ 40 IU) of ALT, and 45.1% (95% CI = 40.9% - 49.3%) had high levels of AST (≥ 40 IU). The frequency (based on %) of high levels of AST (≥ 40 U/liter) was significantly higher in patients who died [67.3% (95% CI = 54.5% - 80.1%] of COVID-19 than those who survived [44.9% (95% CI = 39.7% - 50.0%)] (P-value < 0.001). No significant difference was detected in ALT between expired [29.1% (95% CI = 16.7% - 41.5%)] and survived patients [30.7% (95% CI = 25.9% - 35.5%] (P-value = 0.791). AST was found to have an independent association with death in multiple logistic regression (Wald = 4.429, OR (95% CI) = 1.014 (1.008 - 1.020), P-value = 0.035). Conclusions: Liver involvement is a common finding in COVID-19 hospitalized patients. Higher levels of AST were significantly associated with an increased mortality rate in COVID-19 patients.

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Retrospective analysis of pediatric patients with multiple rare-earth magnets ingestion: a single-center experience from China.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-35857/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yucan Zheng ◽

Zhihua Zhang ◽

Kunlong Yan ◽

Hongmei Guo ◽

Mei Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rare Earth ◽

Digestive Tract ◽

Foreign Bodies ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Medical Center ◽

Rare Earth Magnet ◽

Gastrointestinal Obstruction ◽

Asymptomatic Patients ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Surgical Group

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to characterize patients who ingested multiple rare-earth magnets, reveal the harm of rare-earth magnet foreign bodies in the digestive tract, and develop a clinical management algorithm. Methods This was a retrospective review of patients with rare-earth magnet foreign bodies in the digestive tract admitted to a university-affiliated pediatric medical center in China, between January 2016 and December 2019; the subset of medical data evaluated included clinical symptoms, signs, treatments and outcomes. Results A total of 51 cases were included in this study, including 36（70.6%） males and 15（29.4%） females. The magnets were passed naturally in 24（47.1%） patients and removed by intervention in 27（52.9%） patients, including 5（9.8%） cases by endoscopy and 22（43.1%） cases by surgery. Twenty-two（43.1%）cases had gastrointestinal obstruction, perforation, and fistula. Compared with the non-surgical group, the time of the surgical group from ingestion to arriving at the hospital was longer（［80（5-336） vs 26（2-216）］hours, p<0.001）while there was no significant difference in the mean age or the number of magnets swallowed. Conclusions Magnets are attractive to children, but lead to catastrophic consequences including gastrointestinal obstruction, perforation, and surgical interventions when ingested multiple magnets. Endoscopic resection should be urgently performed in the presence of multiple magnets as early as possible within 24 hours, even in asymptomatic patients.

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Serum Osteopontin and its Relation to Colorectal Carcinoma in Egyptian Patient

QJM ◽

10.1093/qjmed/hcab100 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Mohamed Abd Elmoghny Mostafa ◽

Hany Haron Kayser ◽

Ahmed Samir Allam ◽

Abanoub Refaat Saeed Hakim

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Clinical Trial ◽

Colorectal Carcinoma ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Control Group ◽

Controlled Clinical Trial ◽

P Value ◽

Ageing Population ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Egyptian Patient

Abstract Background Colorectal cancer had a low incidence several decades ago. However, it has become a predominant cancer and now accounts for approximately 10% of cancer-related mortality in western countries. The ‘rise’ of colorectal cancer in developed countries can be attributed to the increasingly ageing population, unfavourable modern dietary habits and an increase in risk factors such as smoking, low physical exercise and obesity. Objectives The aim of this study to evaluate the role of serum level of osteopontin in prediction of Colorectal Carcinomain in correlation with tissue histopathology which it is the gold standard test in Egyptian patient. Patients and Methods The study was a Randomized controlled clinical trial. Which is a prospective, random, clinical trial conducted at Ain Shams University Hospitals at endoscopic unit on patients who refered for colonscopy. This study was conducted on 80 patients who were divided into 2 groups: Group A: 40 patients diagnosed as Colorectal Carcinoma as a patient group, Group B: 40 patients with age and sex matched control group who have normal colonscopy. Results There was statistically significant difference between CRC patients and normal colonscopic patients regarding the level ofosteopontin being higher in CRC patients (P value = 0.000). Also ROC curve for osteopontin in prediction of CRC showed the best cut of value >12 ng/ml with area under the curve (AUC) = 0.889, sensitivity =85%, specificity =77.5% with positive predictive value =79.1% Conclusion Serum Osteopontin (OPN) level is higher in patients with CRC than patients with normal colonscopy, so it can be used as a diagnostic marker for HCC.

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