scholarly journals Prolonged use of the food dye tartrazine (FD&C yellow n° 5) and its effects on the gastric mucosa of Wistar rats

2007 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
ILD. Moutinho ◽  
LC. Bertges ◽  
RVC. Assis
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Sulfanilic Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Allergic Reactions ◽  
Food Dye ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Group A ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Different Doses

Tartrazine is one of the most widely used artificial foods, drugs and cosmetic dyes. It is a nitrous derivative and is known to cause allergic reactions such as asthma and urticaria, as well as having been the focus of studies on mutagenesis and carcinogenesis due to its transformation into aromatic amine sulfanilic acid after being metabolized by the gastrointestinal microflora. 45 male Wistar rats were assigned to a control group (A) or a treatment one (B). The treatment group received 7.5 mg.kg-1.day-1 of tartrazine daily in drinking water offered ad libitum for ten months from weaning to the age of twelve months. There was a significant increase in the number of lymphocytes and eosinophils of the gastric antrum mucosa. No carcinogenetic changes in any gastric area were observed during the study. As tartrazine belongs to the azo class, it is still a possible food carcinogen. Other studies with different doses and schedules, observing their effects associated to other carcinogens should be carried out if their safe use is to be recommended.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF POTASH ADMINISTRATION ON THE BODY WEIGHT OF PREGNANT WISTAR RATS

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
VIDONA WB ◽  
ADUEMA WADIONI ◽  
AKUNNEH-WARISO C ◽  
AMAH AK
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Pregnant Animal ◽  
Group A ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Different Doses

Objective: Potash known as potassium carbonate (K2CO3) is a mixture of salt with other components, including impurities which coexist in mineral and salt is highly consumed in various forms by pregnant women. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of potash on the weight index of pregnant Wistar rats. Methods: A total of 25 albino Wistar rat with weights ranging from 180 to 300 g were used and allocated into five groups of five animals each (four females and one male) designated as Groups A, B, C, D, and E. The experimental Groups B, C, D, and E were administered through oral route different doses of potash of 300 mg/kg, 600 mg/kg, 900 mg/kg, and 1200 mg/kg, respectively, after pregnancy was detected by checking for mucus plug in the vagina. Group A served as the control group and was administered distilled water only. The animals were allowed for 1 week for acclimatization under normal temperature (270–300°C), which they were being fed with normal feed (grower’s mash) and water ad libitum for 1 week. Results: The result showed a significant (p˂0.05) reduction in weight with the highest level seen with the 1200 mg/kg group when compared to the control. Conclusion: Therefore, the effect of potash alters the physical activity and decreases weight, by implication may induce growth retardation of the Wistar rats which is not healthy for a pregnant animal.

Safety Evaluation of Crude Ethanol Extract of Waltheria Indica Linn. Root In Male Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-125
Author(s):  
A. Basiru
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Hepatic Necrosis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Group A ◽  
Renal Tubular

Safety evaluation of Waltheria indica Linn. root was carried out in Wistar rats. Twenty adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (n=5); A–D. Group A served as control group while groups B, C and D were administered with 200, 400 and 800 mg/Kg of crude ethanol extract of Waltheria indica Linn. root. After 28 days of administration, the rats were sacrificed and blood samples were collected and serum prepared. Haematological and biochemical parameters, as well as serum electrolyte were determined according to standard procedures. The 200 mg/Kg of Waltheria indica Linn. root caused the highest percentage increase in body weight. The kidney was also significantly increased at 400 mg/kg. The total WBC and lymphocytes counts were significantly increased at 400 mg/kg. The serum levels of ALT and chloride were significantly increased at 800 mg/kg. Waltheria indica Linn. root also caused hepatic necrosis and renal tubular degeneration in Wistar rats. Therefore, Waltheria indica Linn. root should be used with caution especially at higher dose despite its therapeutic potentials.

The Effects of Food Deprivation of Rats On Swimming To Exhaustion

Behaviour ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 26 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 351-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward T. Uyeno ◽  
R. Alan Graham
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Deprivation ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dorsal Skin ◽  
The Third ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Fourth Experiment ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding

AbstractMale Wistar rats were deprived of food for 3 days and then forced to swim continuously to a criterion of exhaustion. Controls swam after ad libitum feeding. In the first experiment a load equal to 11% of the rat's body weight was attached to the dorsal skin near the tail during the swim. In a second study, two matched groups, treated identically as those in the first study swam without a load in water treated with a wetting agent, "Aerosol O.T." In a third experiment, controls as well as experimentals were deprived of food for three days. The control group, however, was fed for 30 minutes, immediately before the swim. A fourth experiment was conducted in a similar manner as the third, except both groups were deprived 6 hours. In each of the experiments the deprived groups swam significantly longer than the fed groups.

scholarly journals Effect of Hard Water on the Prevention and Treatment of Calcium Oxalate Nephrolithiasis in Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mousa Al-Reza Hadjzadeh ◽  
Parichehr Hayatdavoudi ◽  
Reza Karim Keshteh ◽  
Nazanin Entezari Entezari ◽  
Roghayeh Pakdel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Hard Water ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
High Calcium ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Background: There is a folk belief that drinking Ramsar spring mineral water (RSW) is a remedy for renal stones. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of RSW on prevention or treatment of nephrolithiasis in male Wistar rats and identify the constituents of the water. Methods: Nephrolithiasis was induced by providing drinking water containing 1% ethylene glycol (EG) for two weeks in male Wistar rats. The animals were divided into prevention and treatment groups, each contained five sub-groups (10 rats for each). Prevention groups were treated for two weeks: control group (without treatment), EG group (1% ethylene glycol in drinking water), RSW 5, 10, and 15% groups (1% ethylene glycol + RSW 5, 10, and 15% in drinking water). The treatment groups received 1% EG for two weeks, then it was discontinued, and the RSW (10, 15, and 20%) was added to the drinking water for the next two weeks. The calcium oxalate (CaOx) depositions in the kidneys' tubules were evaluated by Hematoxylin and Eosin staining. The spring water was analyzed for its constituents. Results: Calcium oxalate crystals were significantly increased in EG group as compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Moreover, RSW did not significantly prevent CaOx crystals but alleviated CaOx crystals at 15 and 20% concentrations in the treatment protocol (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The hard water of Ramsar spring reduced CaOx crystals in nephrolithiatic rats, which may be due to its high calcium and magnesium content.

scholarly journals Effect of Artesunate Treatment on Some Brain Biomolecules and its Behavioral Implication

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
MB Ekong ◽  
AO Igri ◽  
TB Ekanem
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Dose ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Brain

Background: Artesunate (AS) is an artemisinin antimalarial drug used as a single drug or in combination with other antimalarials. Objective: This study was to find its effect on some brain biomolecules and behavioural activities in Wistar rats. Methods: Forty adult male Wistar rats weighing between 150- 180g were divided into four groups of A, B, C and D with 10 animals each. Group A served as the control that received tap water, while groups B, C and D served as the experimental groups that received 2.85mg/kg (therapeutic dose-TD) and 5.71mg/kg (high pharmacologic dose-HPD) of AS per day for 3 days, and 2.85mg/kg (long duration therapeutic dose -LDTD) of AS per day for six days respectively. Half of the dose was administered twelve hourly (twice a day), and twelve hours after the last treatments, behaviour test using the ‘open field maze' was carried out. Immediately after, the animals were sacrificed with chloroform anaesthesia and the whole brain removed and weighed. Whole brain homogenates were used to determine brain total protein (TP), triacylglycerol (TAG) and cholesterol (CH).Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer Multiple Comparative Test as applicable. Results: There were no difference (p<0.05) between the experimental groups and the control group in the anthropometric parameters and behavioural activities. In the brain biomolecules concentration, TP was lower in concentration in the HPD group, TAG was lower in concentration in the LDTD group, while the HPD and LDTD groups had lower CH concentration compared to the control. In all the parameters studied no difference was found between the TD group and the control. Conclusion: AS at recommended dose may not affect some behaviour and brain biomolecule concentration, unlike when taken in excess of dose and or time. Even at these doses/time there may have been no behavioural manifestation. Key words: Artesunate, Brain, Anthropometry, Behavior, Biomolecules, Rats DOI: 10.3329/jbsp.v4i2.4171 J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2009 Dec;4(2): 44-50  

scholarly journals The Effects of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Satureja khuzestanica on Naloxone-Induced Morphine Withdrawal Symptoms in Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
Bahareh Ebrahimi ◽  
Saeed Esmaeili-Mahani
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Opioid Dependence ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Morphine Withdrawal ◽  
Withdrawal Symptoms ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Analgesic Tolerance ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Satureja Khuzestanica ◽  
Different Doses

Introduction: The inflammatory system, oxidative stress, and cholinergic pathways are some important factors in long-term opioid dependence withdrawal. The adverse effects of some adjunctive medications on withdrawal symptoms treatment limit their clinical efficiency and finding compounds with inhibitory effects on opioid dependence can be helpful. The antioxidant, antinociceptive, and anti-inflammatory properties of Satureja khuzestanica extract (SKE) have been noted. Additionally, it could reduce morphine analgesic tolerance. Given that no study has assessed the effect of SKE on morphine-induced withdrawal symptoms, we have tried to investigate it in this study. Methods: Male Wistar rats were used in this study. The rats were treated with morphine for 7 days. The control group received saline, and intervention groups received SKE intragastrically by gavage (100 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, and 25 mg/kg) 15 minutes before morphine injections. Five hours after the last injection, naloxone was used and withdrawal symptoms were assessed for one hour. SPSS software version 16.0 was used for statistical analysis, and P≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: SKE diminished weight loss and jumping (P≤0.001). It decreased grooming behaviors and cramps (P≤0.01). SKE was found to decrease morphine withdrawal symptoms and 100 mg/kg was the most effective dose. Additionally, different doses of SKE were able to eliminate ptosis, diarrhea, and teeth chattering in animals; however, different doses had different effects on withdrawal symptoms. Conclusion: Naloxone significantly increased the frequency of jumping, cramps, weight loss, grooming, and induced ptosis, diarrhea, and teeth chattering. Treatment with SKE can significantly reduce morphine withdrawal symptoms. This can be done through its ability to decrease inflammation.

scholarly journals The effect of Dichlorvous (Sniper) Inhalation on the Histology of the Lungs of Adult Male Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-67
Author(s):  
A. E. Anyabolu ◽  
D. N. Ezejindu ◽  
B. N. Obinwa
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Water Feed ◽  
Group A ◽  
Cervical Dislocation ◽  
Group B ◽  
Histological Architecture ◽  
Group D

The organophosphate, dichlorvous (Otapia-pia) formulated in varying concentrations as insecticides is utilized by several individuals in most remote places of Nigeria due to its affordable value and accessibility. However, this present study is conducted to investigate the adverse effect of the exposure of this substance on the respiratory system (lungs) of male albino wistar rats. Twenty (20) albino wistar rats comprising of all males weighing between 150-230g were divided into four groups (A-D) of five animals each. Group A received only water, feed, and served as the control. Group B was exposed to dichlorvous inhalation 3hrs daily for a period of two weeks; Group C was exposed to dichlorvous inhalation 6hrs daily for a period of two weeks; while Group D was exposed to dichlorvous inhalation 10hrs daily for a period of two weeks. Twenty four hours after the last exposure, the animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation and dissected. The lungs were weighed and fixed in 10% formal saline for histological studies. The body weight of the experimental groups decreased insignificantly when compared with the control group. The lungs weight increased significantly when compared to the control groups. Histological observation revealed a moderate to severe effects on the lungs with severe consolidated inflammatory exudates (discharge of fluids from pores), a moderate intra-alveoli hemorrhage, and a severe dilation of alveolar septa which is evident as emphysematous changes. This result revealed that the exposure to dichlorvous causes distortion of the normal histological architecture of the lungs. Thus, showing that dichlorvous inhalation influences the normal physiologic mechanisms of the lungs.

scholarly journals Os Efeitos do Jejum Intermitente nos Parâmetros Bioquímicos de Ratos Wistar

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 238
Author(s):  
André Luiz Jacques Chamorro ◽  
Beatriz Kiyoko Fujii ◽  
Eduardo Machado Bacha ◽  
Gabriel Cabral Valadares Lins ◽  
Kawana Ribeiro Yamakawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Total Food ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Access To Food

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as repercussões bioquímicas em ratos Wistar submetidos ao jejum intermitente por 15, 30 e 60 dias, modelo de dieta intercalada por períodos de restrição total de alimentação com períodos de alimentação ad libitum. O estudo foi realizado com 40 ratos Wistar, machos divididos em três grupos, todos recebendo a ração Nuvital®. Os ratos submetidos ao jejum intermitente tiveram esse tipo de dieta durante 3 dias na semana e nos demais dias tiveram acesso livre a ração e água. Os animais foram pesados semanalmente e, após o período de jejum intermitente, foram eutanasiados para a coleta de sangue e análise bioquímica (glicemia, triglicérides, colesterol total e frações). Houve redução significativa do peso e triglicerídeos nos animais do grupo de jejum em relação ao grupo controle durante 15 dias. Em relação ao grupo de 30 dias de jejum, houve redução significativa de colesterol total e HDL. Nos animais submetidos à dieta durante 60 dias, houve diminuição significativa de colesterol total e HDL, no entanto, o consumo de água aumentou consideravelmente. Conclui-se  que o jejum intermitente durante 15 dias causou alterações bioquímicas favoráveis ao metabolismo desses animais. Palavras-chave: Jejum Intermitente. Restrição Calórica. Prevenção. AbstractThis experiment was conducted to evaluate the biochemical effects in healthy Wistar rats submitted by 15, 30 and 60 days to intermittent fasting, a model of interspersed diet between periods of total food restriction withfood ad libitum period. The study was performed with 40 male Wistar rats randomly divided into 3 groups, all receiving Nuvital®. The rats submitted to intermittent fasting had this type of diet during 3 days a week and on the other days had free access to food. They received water ad libitum every day. The analysis related to metabolic changes resulting from fasting were performed by means of serum biochemical analysis (blood glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol and HDL) at the end of the experiment. There was a significant reduction of weight and triglycerides from the fasting group in relation to the control group in 15 days, there was no significant increase in parameters during this period of diet. Concerning the 30-day fasting  group, there was a significant reduction of total cholesterol and HDL. Therefore, Intermittent Fasting in 15 days only demonstrated biochemical benefits. Keywords: Intermittent Fasting. Caloric restriction. Prevention.

scholarly journals Biochemical implication of administration ofmethanol extract of Ocimum gratissimum leaf on haematological profile of Wistar rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
Dasofunjo Kayode ◽  
Obem O. Okwari ◽  
Ujong P. Ujong ◽  
Boniface U. Ati ◽  
Christopher O. Igwe
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Haematological Profile ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
And Control ◽  
Group D ◽  
Ameliorative Measure

In the search for medicinal plants that will provide ameliorative measure to patients with anaemic disorders. The methanol extract of O. gratissimum leaf was administered to Wistar rats for its effect on haematological profile. Twenty-eight (28) male Wistar rats ranging from 180-200g was randomly picked and placed into plastic cages labeled A-D. Group A served as the control group while groups B-D was the test groups. The  animals in group A was administered with distilled water orally by gavage. Group B were administered 50mg/ kg body weight of methanol extract of O. gratissimum, group C were administered with 100mg/kg bodyweight while group D were administered with 200mg/body of methanol extract of O. gratissimum for 14 days. Blood was collected from all the test rats and control by cardiac puncture using disposable syringe and needle then dispensed into tubes containing EDTA. The extract displayed a significant increase (p<0.05) in RBCs, Hb, PCV and platelet counts. More so, the  extract produced no significant (p>0.05)difference in MCV, MCH, MCHC and RDW WBC counts when compared with the normal control .Therefore, it will be logical to conclude that the extract of O. gratissimum might be a panacea in the management of anaemic conditions when properly harnessed due to its erythropoietic, haematopoietic and thrombopoietic effect. Keywords: Anaemia, erythropoietic, haematopoietic, thrombopoietic and phytochemicals.

Pengaruh Profilaksis Ekstrak Ubi Jalar Ungu (Ipomoea batatas L.) terhadap Kadar Malondialdehida Hepar Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus) Jantan Galur Wistar yang Diinduksi Karagenan

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
BRILIAN DINANTI ◽  
FITRI HANDAJANI
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intraplantar Injection ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Potato Extract ◽  
Purple Sweet Potato

<p>Liver is an organ with complex metabolism. When the liver is inflamed, cellular immunity will defend against inflammatory agents by stimulating immune cells to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). Excessive ROS accumulation cause oxydative stress with increased  liver malondialdehyde (MDA) level. Some researches showed that purple sweet potato contain flavonoids (anthocyanins) that functioned as antioxydants. This study aimed to show the prophylactic effect of purple sweet potato extract to the liver MDA level of male Wistar rats induced by carrageenan.</p><p>This study used post-only control group method using 18 male Wistar rats divided into 3 groups: group of rats without treatment, group of rats induced by 0,1 ml of 1% carrageenan by intraplantar injection on day-8, and group of rats given with 872 mg/kgBW of purple sweet potato extract for 7 days and induced by 0,1 ml of 1% carrageenan. In the end of the study, the liver MDA levels were measured by Thio-Barbituric Acid method on each groups.</p><p>The results of One-Way ANOVA test showed there was no significant difference (p = 0,290) between group of rats without treatment (<em>x̅</em>= 207,50) and group of rats induced by carrageenan (<em>x̅</em>=233,17). Then, there is no significant difference (p = 0.978) between group of rats induced by carrageenan and group of rats given with prophylactic purple sweet potato extract and induced by carrageenan (<em>x̅</em>= 232,50).</p><p>The conclusion of this study is giving intraplantar injection of carrageenan can increase liver MDA level insignificantly and giving prophylactic purple sweet potato extract has an effect to decrease the liver MDA level of rats induced by carragenan insignificantly because it contains anthocyanins as antioxidants.</p><p> </p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Liver, <em>Ipomoea batatas</em> L., Malondialdehyde, Anthocyanins

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