Determination of Pregnant women Knowledge toward Risk Factors of Vitamin D Deficiency and Measuring Level During Pregnancy in Al- Nasiriyah City

The aim of the research is to study the availability of vitamin D among children of different age and pregnant women living in the Amur region. 339 residents of Blagoveshchensk (279 children of different age and 60 adults) were examined. Among them there were 129 toddlers, 90 children of preschool age of 3-6 years old, 60 adolescents of 15-17 years old and 60 adults (pregnant women) of 18-40 years old. In the blood serum the content of the metabolite of vitamin D [25(OH)D] was studied by high performance liquid chromatography. The assessment of risk factors for failure and deficiency of vitamin D was conducted by clinical and anamnestic data. The first results of the study have been presented. They indicate a high frequency of various vitamin D deficiency in the population of the Amur region. Among 339 residents of the Amur region 92 (27.1%) had an adequate availability of vitamin D, 144 (42.4%) had an insufficiency of 25(OH)D; at the same time vitamin D deficiency was identified in 90 (26.5%) with 1/3 of the child population and 1/4 of pregnant women. The level of 25(OH)D within normal limits found in 37.5% of children in the first year of life decreased till 3.6 % by 3 years old, with its deficit increasing from 29.1% to 50%, persisting at this level (45.5 percent) in 3-6 year-old children, declining till 23.3% in adolescents and till 23.3% in pregnant women. The average vitamin D in the studied age periods was the highest in the first year of life (36.14±4.3 ng/ml), and the lowest in 2-3 year-old children (19.31±14.68 ng/ml), with a gradual increase in 3-6 years old (21.77±0.96 ng/ml); in 15-17 years old (23.89±0.66 ng/ml) and in pregnant women it has reached a level of 27.75±0.18 ng/ml, remaining below normal values. Respiratory infections, digestion, bone and joint systems pathologies are the most important risk factors contributing to the low status of 25 (OH) D; their prevention, alongside with the correction of vitamin D deficiency can improve the health of the population of the Amur region.

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Prevalence and the main risk factors for vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women living in a locality of Algiers

Endocrine Abstracts ◽

10.1530/endoabs.63.p64 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Mouna Mezoued ◽

Djamila Meskine ◽

Ramezzedine Belaidoumou

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency

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Vitamin D status and vitamin D deficiency risk factors among pregnancy of Shanghai in China

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth ◽

10.1186/s12884-021-03889-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Chun Yang ◽

Wu Jing ◽

Sheng Ge ◽

Wenguang Sun

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Low Density

Abstract Background There is increasing awareness that vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women may be associated with several adverse effects for the mother and newborn. The risks for vitamin D deficiency are unclear. This study was to assess vitamin D nutritional status and vitamin D deficiency risk factors among pregnant women in Shanghai in China. Methods This study is a cross-sectional study conducted in the Sixth Affiliated People’s Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University. A total of 953 healthy pregnant women participated, serological examinations and other variables included serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], total blood cholesterol (TCh), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol, triglycerides at the first antenatal visit (12–14 weeks) pregnancy parity and age, body mass index (BMI) before pregnancy, and completed OGTTs test. Associations between vitamin D deficiency and possible predictors (age group, pre-pregnancy BMI, parity, and gestational hyperlipemia) were assessed with a multinomial logistic regression analysis. And also used to investigate the effects of 25(OH)D and the other variables on the occurrence of gestational diabetes mellitus. Results The mean vitamin D level of pregnancy was 16 (a range from 11 to 21) ng/ml, and severe vitamin D deficiency was 31.8% (303); vitamin D deficiency was 40.7% (388); vitamin D insufficiency was 25.1% (239); normal vitamin D was 2.4%(23). Vitamin D deficiency risk factors were age over 30, parity over 2, overweight, obese, and hyperlipemia. The increasing level of vitamin D nutritional status in pregnancy is significantly related to reducing gestational diabetes mellitus. Vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for gestational diabetes mellitus. Conclusions It is a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Chinese pregnancy in Shanghai. Aging more than 30 years, the parity of more than 2, overweight and obesity, and hyperlipemia are risk factors for vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for gestational diabetes mellitus. Public health strategies to prevent vitamin D deficiency should focus on those risks to promote health pregnancy of Shanghai in China.

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Prevalence and Predictors of Vitamin D Deficiency and Insufficiency among Pregnant Rural Women in Bangladesh

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13020449 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 449

Author(s):

Faruk Ahmed ◽

Hossein Khosravi-Boroujeni ◽

Moududur Rahman Khan ◽

Anjan Kumar Roy ◽

Rubhana Raqib

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Gestational Age ◽

First Trimester ◽

Vitamin D Insufficiency ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Vitamin A Status ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Although adequate vitamin D status during pregnancy is essential for maternal health and to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes, limited data exist on vitamin D status and associated risk factors in pregnant rural Bangladeshi women. This study determined the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency, and identified associated risk factors, among these women. A total of 515 pregnant women from rural Bangladesh, gestational age ≤ 20 weeks, participated in this cross-sectional study. A separate logistic regression analysis was applied to determine the risk factors of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency. Overall, 17.3% of the pregnant women had vitamin D deficiency [serum 25(OH)D concentration <30.0 nmol/L], and 47.2% had vitamin D insufficiency [serum 25(OH)D concentration between 30–<50 nmol/L]. The risk of vitamin D insufficiency was significantly higher among nulliparous pregnant women (OR: 2.72; 95% CI: 1.75–4.23), those in their first trimester (OR: 2.68; 95% CI: 1.39–5.19), anaemic women (OR: 1.53; 95% CI: 0.99–2.35; p = 0.056) and women whose husbands are farmers (OR: 2.06; 95% CI: 1.22–3.50). The risk of vitamin deficiency was significantly higher among younger pregnant women (<25 years; OR: 2.12; 95% CI: 1.06–4.21), nulliparous women (OR: 2.65; 95% CI: 1.34–5.25), women in their first trimester (OR: 2.55; 95% CI: 1.12–5.79) and those with sub-optimal vitamin A status (OR: 2.30; 95% CI: 1.28–4.11). In conclusion, hypovitaminosis D is highly prevalent among pregnant rural Bangladeshi women. Parity and gestational age are the common risk factors of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency. A husband’s occupation and anaemia status might be important predictors of vitamin D insufficiency, while younger age and sub-optimal vitamin A status are risk factors for vitamin D deficiency in this population.

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Impact of maternal vitamin D status during pregnancy on the prevalence of neonatal vitamin D deficiency

Pediatric Reports ◽

10.4081/pr.2013.e6 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 6 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Yasser F. Aly ◽

Mohamed A. El Koumi ◽

Rehab N. Abd El Rahman

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Later Life ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Maternal Vitamin ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

Maternal Vitamin D Status

Maternal vitamin D deficiency is not uncommon. The lack of vitamin D during pregnancy may result in poor fetal growth and altered neonatal development that may persist into later life. Recognition of risk factors and early detection of vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy is important in order to prevent neonatal vitamin D deficiency and related complications. The aim of the current study is to assess the effect of maternal vitamin D status on the neonatal vitamin D stores. A total of 92 pregnant women at the end of the 3rd trimester and their newborns were recruited from Al Khafji Joint Operation Hospital, Saudi Arabia, during the year 2011. Maternal and cord blood samples were taken for determination of serum levels of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] concentration, serum calcium (Ca++), phosphorus (PO4) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Compared with pregnant women with adequate vitamin D levels, women deficient in vitamin D had infants with vitamin D deficiency (X±SD 33.44±18.33 nmol/L <em>vs</em> 55.39±17.37 nmol/L, P=0.01). Maternal and neonatal serum 25(OH)D3 levels showed a positive correlation with serum Ca++ and negative correlation with serum PO4 and ALP. Neonatal 25(OH)D was related to maternal 3rd trimester levels (r=0.89, P=0.01). The newborn serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations rely on maternal vitamin D status. Poor maternal vitamin D status may adversely affect neonatal vitamin D status and, consequently, calcium homeostasis.

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The СYP24A gene expression the placental tissue during pregnancy

Journal of obstetrics and women s diseases ◽

10.17816/jowd65661-67 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 65 (6) ◽

pp. 61-67

Author(s):

Ekaterina S Shelepova ◽

Olga A Freylikhman ◽

Nikita R Riabokon ◽

Daria A Zhebrun ◽

Anna A Kostareva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Placental Tissue ◽

Normal Pregnancy ◽

Main Group ◽

The Body ◽

Leningrad Region

Aim. To study the nature of CYP24A1 gene expression in the placental tissue in women with different saturation of the body with vitamin D during normal pregnancy and preeclampsia.Materials and methods. Cohort retrospective and prospective study. There were examined 110 pregnant women in Saint Petersburg and Leningrad region, who took multivitamin complex containing 400 IU of vitamin D from 12 weeks of pregnancy. Time of inclusion is from September to June. All pregnant women were taken blood samples with the following determination of the level of 25-hydroxycalciferol, fragments of placental tissue with the following study of mRNA expression of CYP24A1 gene.Results. There were analyzed two groups of pregnant women. During the analysis of the saturation level of the body with vitamin D there were revealed the following things: the frequency of vitamin D deficiency in the main group was 69.6% in the group of comparison vitamin D deficiency was not found. The frequency of vitamin D insufficiency in the main group was 21.5% in the group of comparison – 18.5%. The frequency of the normal level of vitamin D in the main group was 8.9% in the group of comparison – 81.5%. Differences between the main group and the group of comparison are reliable (p < 0,0001). There revealed a statistically significant increase of the relative expression of mRNA of CYP24A1 gene in the placental tissue in women with preeclampsia (31,8 ± 20,6), in comparison with women with physiological pregnancy (11,2 ± 17,9) (p = 0.03)Conclusion. In women with preeclampsia low level of vitamin D in blood serum (less than 30 ng/ml) is 5 times more common, that is why insufficiency and deficiency of vitamin D in pregnant women can be attributed to risk factors for the development of preeclampsia. Expression of mRNA of CYP24A1 gene in placental tissue in patients with preeclampsia is three times higher in comparison with patients with a normal pregnancy. Thus, the increased expression of CYP24A1 gene in the placental tissue can be considered as one of the risk factors for the development of preeclampsia.

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Prevalence and risk factors of hypovitaminosis D in pregnant Spanish women

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-71980-1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Andrés Díaz-López ◽

Cristina Jardí ◽

Marcela Villalobos ◽

Nuria Serrat ◽

Josep Basora ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Eastern Mediterranean ◽

Hypovitaminosis D ◽

Mediterranean Coast ◽

Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Blood Draw ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract The hypovitaminosis D epidemic is a global health problem. Our aim was to assess the prevalence and potential risk factors of hypovitaminosis D among pregnant women on the eastern Mediterranean coast. Cross-sectional analysis involved 793 healthy pregnant women (35.3 ± 5.0 years) participating in ECLIPSES, a multicenter randomized trial. Socio-demographic, obstetric, anthropometric, lifestyle, dietary variables and blood draw was collected in the first trimester. Vitamin D deficiency was identified in 50.2% and insufficiency in 30.3% of pregnant women. The mean vitamin D level in the overall sample was 33.9 nmol/L (SD, 17.0). Multivariable logistic regression analysis applying AIC-based backward selection identified excess weight during the 1st trimester (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) (OR = 1.950, 95% CI = 1.409, 2.699), Arab ethnic group/dark skin colour (OR = 4.005, 95% CI = 2.488, 6.447), winter/spring (OR = 4.319, 95% CI = 3.112, 5.994), and consumption of milk (OR = 0.754, 95% CI = 0.572, 0.993) and yogurt (OR = 0.635, 95% CI = 0.436, 0.922) as independent risk factors for vitamin D deficiency. All of these factors (except yogurt consumption) and physical activity were independently associated with vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency risk in the final multivariable model (all p < 0.05). All these factors and social class were the most important determinants of circulating 25(OH)D concentrations. Our results confirm a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency among pregnant women from the eastern Mediterranean coast.

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