scholarly journals Evaluation of interaction in the system "genotype of stock-scion/stock combinations of apple tree - habitat" at temperature stresses of the summer period in the Krasnodar Territory

Author(s):  
I. A. Dragavtseva ◽  
I. L. Efimova ◽  
A. V. Klyukina

The yield of fruit crops depends significantly on the climatic conditions of growing. High-temperature stresses of the summer growing season can lead to a decrease or even death of the crop. In the Krasnodar Territory, more and more new records of the onset of high temperatures are observed in the summer months, when the average daily temperature exceeds the climatic norm by 4-7 degrees. The purpose of the study is to study the sustainability of apple tree trips for summer high-temperature stresses, an assessment of the interaction in the system "Genotype of stock-scion/stock combinations of apple tree-habitat" in the conditions of a changing climate, as well as identifying the rootstocks that are most adapted to the soil-climatic conditions of the South of Russia. The relevance of the work is due to the enhancement of harmfulness of high-temperature stresses during the passage of the most important stage of laying the generative organs of the future harvest and ripening the current. An assessment of the drought-resistance of the apple trees in conditions of an elevated temperature background was carried out. Apple tree Prikubanskoy cultivar on semi-dwarf rootstock CK 2 and dwarf rootstock M 9 and CK 7, had the greatest leaf boom and their better water-holding ability. The most productive were the trees on the M 9 and SK 7 stocks. In the trees on the semi-dwarf stocks, the highest and steadily growing yield was on the SK 2 stock. Consequently, the implementation of genetic-physiological systems of adaptability of drought-resistant briefings determined the level of yields of the graft trees of the apple tree. The use of apple trees with a high biopotential of resistance to abiotic stress is an element of biologized compensation for the damaging effect of climatic stressors in the ecologized technology for the production of gardening products.

2021 ◽  
Vol 939 (1) ◽  
pp. 012094
Author(s):  
H Boboeva

Abstract This article describes the intensive planting of varieties of apples belonging to local and foreign selection in soil and climatic conditions of Tashkent region in 4 different (4.0x2.5; 4.0x2.0; 4.0x1.5 and 4.0x1.0 m.) planting schemes, mainly in varieties with low tree height and small branch size, the effect of planting schemes on tree habitat is small. In contrast, in varieties with high biological growth rate, the effect of planting schemes was found to be high. However, data have shown that as the length of the main branches in apple tree trees decreases, they cause an increase in ring-shaped fruit branches, which in turn affects the yield in the trees by reducing the feeding area.


Author(s):  
N. I. Nenko ◽  
I. A. Ilina ◽  
V. S. Petrov ◽  
M. A. Sundyreva ◽  
V. V. Sokolova ◽  
...  

The work is devoted to the study of the resistance of grape varieties to high-temperature and water stress, which is very important due to climate change and the increasing weather anomalies.  The studies are aimed at solving the problem related to the disclosure of the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of the adaptation of grape plants to the climatic stress factors of the summer period against the background of changing environmental conditions.  The objects of research are technical grape varieties of various ecological and geographical origin.  It has been established that under conditions of high-temperature stresses, the inter-specific hybrids of the Crystal (Euro-Amur-American origin), Vostorg (Amur-American origin), Dostoiny (Euro-American origin), increased resistance characterized by a smaller change in the ratio of the content of bound and free water,  which is associated with a high content in the leaves of the stress hormone abscisic acid, narrowing stomatal gaps and reducing water loss.  The varieties Kristall and Vostorg were also characterized by greater peroxidase activity, which increases in their resistance to oxidative stress.  In general, the Kristall, Dostoiny, Vostorg and Aligote varieties (interspecific hybrid of Western European origin) showed complex resistance to high temperature and water stress, which is also due to a higher content of proteins with peroxidase activity – of molecular mass 80, 70 and 60 kDa.  Comprehensive assessment of physiological and biochemical characteristics allows to obtain a reliable assessment of the genotypes of grapes for resistance to adverse climatic conditions of the summer period and can be used as an indirect method of diagnosing varieties for drought tolerance.


Author(s):  
М. А. Rachenko

The purpose of this work was to evaluate the peculiarities of fruiting apple varieties cultivated under the conditions of the Southern Baikal region in creeping culture. The object of the study was the large-fruited apple trees of various breeding stations and national selection. Planting material for the collection site was grown in equal agrotechnical and climatic conditions. Two-year old seedlings were used as stocks (for standard grafting in low shtamb). The harvest was taken into account (by weight) from each tree of the studied variety after three years of European and American varieties of apple trees into fruiting introduction. Conducted a preliminary quantitative accounting of the crop. Noted the minimum and maximum productivity from a tree of each grade. It is shown that only the maximum snow cover contributed to a full-fledged laying of fruit formations. Only the fruits of summer apple trees corresponded to the pomological description of the variety. Some varieties of the autumn and especially winter ripening period lost the brightness of the color and the size of the fruit, while maintaining high taste. Many varieties had a shorter storage period. The reason for this can be considered the influence of the peculiarities of the Siberian summer, namely, the insufficient length of the frost-free period and the sum of positive temperatures that the stanza culture is not able to fully overcome.


2020 ◽  
pp. 76-82
Author(s):  
Sergey Mikhailovich Vasiliev ◽  
Andrey Sergeevich Shtanko ◽  
Yakov Evgenievich Udovidchenko

 The developed method allows predicting the basic morphometric parameters of the root systems of zoned apple trees for the studied conditions of their growth with an accuracy of 80–85%.   The methodology and structure of the calculated dependencies can be used to develop appropriate recommendations on determining the geometric parameters of the root systems of the studied plants and for other tree stock-graft combinations of perennial woody plants cultivated in similar and other climatic conditions.


2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Геннадий Осипов ◽  
Gennadiy Osipov ◽  
Зоя Осипова ◽  
Zoya Osipova

The paper includes an assessment of damageability of varieties and forms of apple by green apple aphids in the Republic of Tatarstan. An insignificant variability of damageability of leaves and annual shoots of green aphids was established by year in one half of the studied apple varieties and the average variability - in the second half of the varieties. An insignificant positive correlation is established between the degree of damage to the leaves and shoots of green apple aphids and damage to the leaves by the scab (r = 0.85), the hydrothermal coefficient of the vegetation (r = 0.78) and summer periods (r = 0.68), the amount of precipitation the summer period (r = 0.70), the average temperature in the summer period (r = 0.57) and the average temperature in April (r = 0.64). An insignificant negative correlation was found between the degree of damage to varieties and forms of apple trees by aphids and the amount of precipitation in April (r = –0.14). The manifestation of the sign “damaging the leaves and shoots of green apple aphids” is more influenced by the conditions of the year than the genotype of varieties, forms and the interaction of the genotype with the conditions of the year. The varieties Renet Povolzhya, Kamskaya and Komsin are distinguished according resistance to green apple aphid.


Author(s):  
А.П. Кожевников ◽  
Р.В. Егоров

Яблоня гибридная (M. hybrida) объединяет гибриды и сорта на основе яблони Недзвецкого с необычной формой кроны, окраской цветков, листьев и плодов. Для расширения ассортимента озеленительных посадок Екатеринбурга необходим районированный посадочный материал с низким или средним уровнем изменчивости фенотипических признаков цветения и плодоношения. Цель работы – отбор форм яблони гибридной в озеленительных посадках Екатеринбурга по качественным и количественным признакам лепестков венчиков, цветков и плодов. На 15 объектах озеленения у ценных в селекционном отношении форм яблони определены длина и ширина лепестков венчика. На 11 объектах у отборных особей яблони установлены диаметр, масса, форма, цвет плодов и длина плодоножки. Уровень изменчивости фенотипических признаков декоративных таксонов яблони оценивался по эмпирической шкале уровней изменчивости. При отборе образцов яблони наиболее декоративными считаются особи с ярким и продолжительным цветением. Разнообразные форма и цвет плодов позволяют декоративным таксонам яблони быть привлекательными более длительное время. У исследуемых нами внутривидовых форм окраска лепестков венчика варьирует от бело-розового до темно-пурпурного. Средний уровень эндогенной изменчивости по ширине и длине лепестков венчика указывает на устойчивость форм яблони гибридной к условиям города по данным фенотипическим признакам. Повышенный уровень изменчивости массы плодов у некоторых форм указывает на нестабильность данного признака в условиях города, что приводит к отсутствию в плодах семян, их недоброкачественности или низкой всхожести. Перспективные по декоративности формы яблони гибридной размножают прививками. Многолетние озеленительные посадки из полиморфных деревьев яблони гибридной, устойчивых к местным климатическим условиям, являются источником для создания маточных коллекций в питомниках Урала. Методами аналитической селекции (получение сеянцев от свободного опыления) можно отобрать адаптированные к объектам озеленения зимостойкие декоративные таксоны яблони с яркими фенотипическими признаками. The hybrid apple tree (M. hybrida) combines hybrids and varieties based on the Nedzwiecki apple tree with an unusual crown shape, coloring of flowers, leaves and fruits. To expand the range of landscaping plantings in Yekaterinburg zoned planting material with a low or medium level of variability of phenotypic signs of flowering and fruiting is required. The purpose of the work is to select the forms of hybrid apple tree in the landscaping plantations of Yekaterinburg by the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of corolla petals, flowers and fruits. The length and width of the corolla petals have been determined for 15 planting objects of valuable for selective breeding apple tree forms. The diameter, weight, shape, color of the fruit and the length of the peduncle were determined on 11 objects in selected individuals of apple trees. The level of variability of phenotypic traits of decorative apple taxa was rated using an empirical scale of levels of variability by S.A. Mamaev (1973). When sampling apple trees, individuals with a bright and long flowering are considered the most decorative. Various shapes and colors of fruits allow the decorative taxa of the apple tree to be attractive for a long time. In the forms of hybrid apple tree that we studied, the color of the corolla petals varies from white-pink to dark purple. The average level of endogenous variability in the width and length of the corolla petals indicates the resistance of the hybrid apple tree forms to urban conditions according to these phenotypic traits. An increased level of variability in the mass of fruits in some forms indicates the instability of this trait in urban conditions, which leads to the absence of seeds in the fruits, their poor quality or low germination. Selective breeding forms of such crops are propagated by grafting. To obtain apple taxa adapted to local conditions, it is necessary to propagate by seeds and obtain seedlings from free pollination with bright phenotypic traits. Perennial landscaping plantings of polymorphic hybrid apple trees, resistant to local climatic conditions, are a source for creation of plantations in nurseries of the Urals as a source of varietal planting material.


2020 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 02002
Author(s):  
Anna Kuznetsova ◽  
Irina Dragavtseva ◽  
Sergey Shcheglov ◽  
Anna Drygina ◽  
Vera Nikolenko

The happening global and local fluctuations of climate caused the changes in manifestation of the temperature stresses in the plants in terms of their strength and time of occurrence in vegetation period. The most regions of the south of Russia (especially in the plain territories) experienced warming of climate, and the temperature stresses began to appear more frequently in spring and in summer. With an aim to analyze the direction of change in temperature regime the structure and spectrums of variability in the mean-diurnal fluctuations of the maximum and minimum temperatures of air were studied for a long period (1950-2019) in the Kuban river horticulture zone of Krasnodar Territory. The defense and adaptive reactions of the sweet cherry varieties (in their drought resistance) to the change in external environment limits were brought to light. The yielding capacity of the genotypes of plants was studied from position of their response to the temperature stresses. The obtained results permitted to identify the varieties of sweet cherry, resistant to the stresses of the spring and summer period, when they are grown in conditions of the higher temperatures and considerable moisture deficit. The results of work will be helpful in control of the sweet cherry varieties productivity on the basis of knowledge on manifestation of the varieties’ genetic peculiarities in their phenotype in the new climatic conditions.


2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 101-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Shkyratova ◽  
B. Z. Bazaron ◽  
T. N. Khamiruev ◽  
S. M. Dashinimaev

The seasonal changes in the skin thickness and structure of the horses’ coat, as signs of adaptation to environmental factors, were studied. The experiment was carried out with the livestock kept in a herd using winter-grazing technology without additional feedings in the climatic conditions of the Trans-Baikal Territory. The objects of the research were adult mares of Zabaikalsky breed of horses of the same age, class and fatness. The studies were carried out in the middle of each season (May, July, October, February). The length of the coat was measured with a caliper, the coat itself with the determination of the ratio of hair (fl uffy hair, heterotype hair and coarse hair) and the thickness of the skin fold were measured in accordance with the approved methodological recommendations. The minimum skin thickness in winter was detected in mares on the back and shoulder blade – 4.3 and 4.4 mm, the maximum – on the side and thigh – 4.5 4.6 mm. When compared with the summer period, the increase on the side was 0.8 mm, whereas on the back, shoulder blade and thigh – 0.4 mm (p ≤ 0,001). In spring, thickening of the skin was noted within 0.1-0.3 mm in the same topographic areas, compared to autumn. The quantitative indicators of the coat changed depending on the season of the year. In winter, the coat contained more fl uffy hair (23.10%), and less coarse hair (68.24%), in summer there was a lower content of fl uffy hair (4.33%), but more coarse hair (94.01%.) Sharp seasonal changes were noted with regard to the length of the hair. The longest hair was found in winter and spring – 4.96 and 4.26 cm, whereas the shortest – in summer and autumn – 0.94 and 1.90 cm, respectively.


2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 2196-2201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue-Li QI ◽  
Lin HU ◽  
Hai-Bin DONG ◽  
Lei ZHANG ◽  
Gen-Song WANG ◽  
...  

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document