scholarly journals Frequency of Convergence Insufficiency in a Refraction Clinic of Karachi

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Izmal Urooj ◽  
Shari Mussadiq Ali ◽  
Abdul Ghayas ◽  
Ammara Sheikh ◽  
Maryam Hussain
Keyword(s):  
No Reduction ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convergence Insufficiency ◽  
Corrected Visual Acuity ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Definition Of

Purpose:  To find out the frequency of convergence insufficiency in a refraction clinic of Karachi. Study Design:  Cross Sectional Study. Place and Duration of Study:  Al-Ibrahim Rye Hospital, Karachi from June to December 2019. Methods:  A total of 150 patients were included in the study (52 males and 98 females). Patients with un-corrected visual acuity of ≥6/9 and age between 16 – 35 years were included. Patients who had received treatment for convergence insufficiency (CI), mentally retarded patients, patients with Manifest strabismus or any other ocular pathology were excluded. Near point of convergence (NPC), near phoria and positive fusional vergence (PFV) were measured for the diagnosis of CI. Results:  Mean age of the patients was 23.55 years. Gender wise distribution showed that 52 (34.7%) were males and 98 (65.3%) were females. Out of 150 patients, 64 patients had CI and 42 were normal with no reduction in NPC, PFV or exophoria. Rest of the patients had only one of the three criteria of CI but did not qualify our definition of CI. Twenty-five male patients and 39 female patients had CI. CI was more common in teenagers. With increasing age, the frequency of CI was reduced. CI due to remote NPC was seen in 12 (8%) and CI due to decreased PFV was seen in 21 (14%). Conclusion:  Females are affected more with CI than males especially in the younger age group. Keywords: Convergence insufficiency, near point of convergence, Positive fusional vergence.

scholarly journals HYPONATREMIA;

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 1647-1651
Author(s):  
Riaz Ahmed Javid ◽  
Ayesha Ghafoor ◽  
Ifrah Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Study Setting

Objectives: To find out the frequency of hyponatremia in cases of hepaticencephalopathy. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Medicine DGKhan Hospital, DG Khan. Period: July 2016 to December 2016. Material and Methods: Total80 patients with hepatic encephalopathy either male or female were selected for this study.Hyponatremia was assessed in these selected patients. Results: Mean age of the patientswas 38.34 ± 11.140 years. Hyponatremia was found in 31 (39%) patients. Hyponatremia wasnoted in 13 (41.94%) patients of age group 18-36 years and 18 (36.73%) patients of age group37-55 years. Statistically insignificant association of hyponatremia with age was seen with pvalue 0.6467. Hyponatremia was found in 21 (40.38%) male patients and 10 (35.71%) femalepatients. But the difference of frequency of hyponatremia between male and female patients wasstatistically insignificant with p value 0.8109. Conclusion: Results of this study showed a higherpercentage of hyponatremia in patients with HE. Male were more victim of HE as compared tofemale but insignificant association of hyponatremia with gender is noted. Findings of presentstudy showed that there is insignificant association of hyponatremia with grade of HE, socioeconomicstatus, area of residence and age.

scholarly journals A study of surgical profile of patients undergoing appendectomy

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamlesh Dhruv ◽  
Sunita Meshram ◽  
Sujan Narayan Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Acute Appendicitis ◽  
Abdominal Mass ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Institutional Ethics ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Common Operation

Background: The most common cause of acute abdomen in surgical is appendicitis. Among the surgeries of abdomen performed all over the world, appendectomy is the most common operation performed. Many studies have shown variations of age, gender in acute appendicitis as well as the seasonal variations in the occurrence of acute appendicitis, although the cause is not found yet. Objective was to study the surgical profile of patients undergoing appendectomy.Methods: A total of 302 patients who have undergone appendectomy were included in the present study which was hospital based cross sectional study. The study was carried out for two years at Osmania General Hospital, Hyderabad, India. Permission from Institutional Ethics Committee permission was obtained. From each and every patient included in the study, initially Informed individual consent was taken.Results: The incidence of appendicitis is much more in females i.e. 60% compared to only 40% in males. Appendicitis was most common in younger age groups of below 30 years of age. As the age increased the incidence of appendicitis decreased. From 83.2% at 30 or less than 30 of age it drastically dropped down to 15.9% in the age group of 30-49 years and in the age group of 50 and above, the incidence of appendicitis came down to less than one percentage. Only three cases were recorded above the age of 50 years.Conclusions: Present study revealed more rates in females. The disease was more common in younger age groups. The most common presenting symptom was abdominal pain. Presence of abdominal mass was absent in the present study.

Prevalence of Different Types of Leukemia and Associated Factors among Children in Children's Cancer Units at Al-Kuwait Hospital, Sana'a City: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 01-05
Author(s):  
Hassan A. Al-Shamahy ◽  
Monya Abdullah Yahya El-Zine ◽  
Abdulrahman M Alhadi ◽  
Abdulrahman A. IshaK
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cure Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pediatric Leukemia ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Cure Rates

Introduction: Leukemia is a heterogeneous group of hematological disorders that is made up of several diverse and biologically distinct subgroups. Leukemia is the 11th and10th most common cause of cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide, respectively. There are insufficient data on the prevalence and associated factors of leukemia in Yemen, particularly in the study area. Aims: This cross-sectional study aims to determine the prevalence of different types of leukemia and associated factors among children with leukemia in the pediatric cancer units of Al-Kuwait Hospital, Sana'a City. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on children with leukemia who were treated selectively in the pediatric leukemia units of Kuwait University Hospital in Sana'a. Group diagnostics and histopathological diagnoses were formed in line with the French, American and British classifications of leukemia in children in the pediatric leukemia units, over a period of 5 years. Factors associated with become infected with leukemia that were studied included ages, gender, and regarding outcomes. The association of death and recovery with different age groups and leukemia types was also studied through rates and calculation of OR, CI, chi-square test and p values ​​through probability tables. Results: 244 leukemia patients were diagnosed, treated and followed; there was association of leukemia with younger age group; 50% were in the age group 1-5 years and with mean ± SD age= 6.44 ± 3.7 years. There was significant association with male gender (66.7%). There was non-significant association between high mortality and the 6-10 year age group [(8/78; 10.2%), with OR = 2.6, p = 0.060, and with the AML [(4/38; 10.5%), OR = 2.1)]. Considering, the cure rates association with ages, roughly there were similar cure rates occurred in the different age groups. Also, there was high cure rate in the JCM (2/3; 66%), with OR = 2.9. And with the CML (7/11; 63.6%; OR = 2.60. Conclusion: In the current study an association between leukemia and younger age group, with males was found. An association between high mortality and the 6-10 year age group, with AML was found. Also, there was no association between ages and cure rate but a high cure rate occurred with JCM and CML.

scholarly journals The Effect of Digital Media on The Younger Minds During the Pandemic: A Study in Pakistan,Jordan and Syria

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noor ul Huda Maria ◽  
Asif Shabbir ◽  
Ali Hammed ◽  
Saif Salman ◽  
Qurrat Ul Ain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Psychological Effects ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Young Population ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Younger Age

Objective:  To evaluate the psychosocial impact of the use of digital media on young minds. Material and Methods:  A survey based cross sectional study was conducted by using questionnaires through google forms from diverse general, young population. A total number of 110 respondents from Pakistan, Jordan, and Syria, were included. Results:  18 – 35 years age group showed Depression 53.4%, Anxiety 71.8%, Lack of Interest in Daily Activities 70.5%, Decreased Decisive Ability 10.5% and Insomnia 66.3%. While, the 36 – 54 years group showed Depression 46.4%, Anxiety 56.8%, Lack of interest in Daily Activities 61.8%, Decreased Decisive Ability 8.3% and Insomnia 47.5%. It was noticeable, that the younger age group of 18 – 35 years suffered more psychological effects. Conclusion:  We concluded that while digital media is affecting all age groups, but the younger age group was affected the most.  

scholarly journals Frequency of Nontraumatic Epistaxis in Older Male Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-40
Author(s):  
Syed Mohammed Tipu Sultan ◽  
Md Abdus Sattar ◽  
Mahiuddin Khan ◽  
Zahedul Alam ◽  
Golam Mostafa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Characteristic ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
The Common ◽  
Level Hospital

Introduction: Epistaxis is a common problem which may affect all age groups. It has bimodal presentation.Nontraumatic epistaxis may affect more frequently among older male. Objective: It is important to observe the common factors related with the different etiological types of epistaxis. It is also important to observe the various socio demographic characteristic of the patient with pattern of presentation of the epistaxis. Mehods: Cross-sectional study in tertiary level hospital. From July 2012 to June 2013, 176 participants were selected. Results: Traumatic epistaxis was more frequent (70.51%) among younger age group (age <45yeras), whereas non-traumatic epistaxis was more frequent (72.92%) among older age group (age >45yeras). There was a statistically significant difference between the different age group with their etiology of the epistaxis (P = <0.001). Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol; April 2017; 23(1): 32-40

scholarly journals Correlation between sonological and clinical profile of mesenteric lymphadenitis among children in a tertiary care hospital of central Kerala

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinod Joseph ◽  
Danny Jose Titus ◽  
Aby Dany Varghese ◽  
Jijo Joseph John ◽  
Girija Mohan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mesenteric Lymphadenitis ◽  
Younger Age

Background: For abdominal pain in children, imaging is routinely applied to make a possible diagnosis both in the outpatient and in the emergency department. Though the diagnosis of mesenteric lymphadenitis is made often these days, the significance of the size and number is still ambiguous and most studies consider mesenteric lymphadenitis is defined as three or more lymph nodes that are each 5 mm or greater in the short axis.Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary hospital in central Kerala and the study tool included a detailed structured questionnaire.Results: Our study included 115 children with pain in the abdomen. 69 were found to have mesenteric lymphadenitis. Younger age group, fever as a symptom and acute infective gastroenteritis are statistically significantly associated with mesenteric lymphadenitis.Conclusions: In our study, acute infective gastroenteritis was the most common cause to be associated with mesenteric lymphadenitis which was. The incidence of mesenteric lymphadenitis was found to be more in children below 5 years.

Frequency of Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus in Hypothyroid Patients: A study in Peshawar

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2574-2575
Author(s):  
Pervez Muhammad ◽  
Muhammad Tariq ◽  
Nawabzada Khan ◽  
Sajjad Muhammad ◽  
Akhtar Munir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Variable Intensity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Hypothyroid Patients

Aim: To assess the frequency of hypertension and diabetes mellitus in hypothyroid patients. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Union council (UC) Zargar Abad, District Peshawar for a period of six months. Sample size was 200 patients and technique used was convenient random sampling. Results: In hypothyroid cases, 200 cases were selected. Female were 40 and male were 160. They were divided into three groups i.e. 18-28 years, 29-40 yrs and 41-50 yrs. Maximum subjects fall in the age group of 29-40 years. In this group 100 were male and 20 were female. BMI of this group was notably higher than the other age groups. Out of 200 subjects 83 had hypertension of variable intensity. 60 male patients had hypertension and 23 female patients had hypertension. Out of 160 male subjects 42% had hypertension and 57% had hypertension. Conclusion: There is an association of hypertension and DM in hypothyroid patients. Keywords: Hypothyroidism, DM, Hypertension

scholarly journals Predictors of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in adult Bahrainis: a cross-sectional study

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 732-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamal Golbahar ◽  
Nida Al-Saffar ◽  
Diab Altayab Diab ◽  
Sara Al-Othman ◽  
Abdullah Darwish ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Clothing Style ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
High Prevalence

AbstractObjectiveHigh prevalence of hypovitaminosis D has been reported to be common in different regions of the Middle East. The objective of the present study was to examine the predictors of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in Bahrainis.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingBlood transfusion volunteers at a blood bank.SubjectsSerum levels of total 25-hydroxyvitamin D, bone markers and other parameters such age, sex, season and clothing style in the 500 healthy Bahrainis were investigated.ResultsIn the entire cohort the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 49·4 % and the relative risk of vitamin D deficiency increased significantly by 1·1, 1·2, 1·5, 1·7 and 1·2 fold with younger age group (P = 0·03), hyperparathyroidism (P = 0·01), low serum Ca (P < 0·001), warm and hot months of the year (P < 0·0001) and female sex (P = 0·002), respectively. In females the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 67·6 % and the relative risk of vitamin D deficiency increased significantly by 1·1, 1·2, 1·2, 1·2 and 1·4 fold with younger age group (P = 0·04), hyperparathyroidism (P = 0·03), low serum Ca (P = 0·001), warm and hot months of the year (P = 0·001) and conservative clothing style (P = 0·04), respectively. In contrast, in males the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 31·2 % and the relative risk of vitamin D deficiency was increased by 1·6 fold in warm and hot months of the year (P < 0·0001).ConclusionsHigh prevalence of low circulating levels of vitamin D and the relative risk factors associated with vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency observed in the present study suggest an urgent need for public health interventions including vitamin D food fortification in Bahrain.

Suicidal Death Autopsy Analysis at Dhaka Medical College

1970 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
MN Hossain ◽  
Z Rahman ◽  
S Akhter
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Medicine ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Autopsy Report ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Suicidal Death

A cross sectional study was carried out at the department of Forensic Medicine in Dhaka Medical College during the period of January 2008 to December 2009. Data were collected from 3rd copy of the post mortem reports which were preserved in the department of Forensic Medicine with the verbal consent of the doctors who performed autopsy report. During this period total 5114 autopsies were conducted. Out of this 970 cases (19%) were suicidal in nature. It was noticed that all suicidal deaths occurred from 10 years to all age group respectively, but top amongst age group of suicidal deaths occurred in between 21 to 30 years of people. Suicidal deaths are more common in female than male. Suicidal deaths due to hanging is highest, next common causes of death due to organophosphorus compund poisoning. Suicidal deaths by hanging is more in female than male but in poisoning cases male are more lvictimised than female. Objectives of our study are to see the occurrence and methods of suicidal death. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v40i1.9957 BMJ 2011; 40(1): 18-21

End Organ Damage in Hypertensive Geriatric Age Group: A Cross Sectional Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Prakashkumar Kyada ◽  
Kunal Jadhav ◽  
T. K. Biswas ◽  
Varshil Mehta ◽  
Sojib Bin Zaman
Keyword(s):  
Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Isolated Systolic Hypertension ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
End Organ Damage ◽  
Common Risk Factors

Objective: Hypertension is one of the common risk factors for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases/disorders A developing country like India faces the double burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases; of the which, hypertension is the most important treatable cause of mortality and morbidity with loss of functional capacity and decline in the quality of life. Aim: To study the prevalence of end organ damage in the hypertensive geriatric age group. Method: The present study was a cross sectional study, conducted in 150 elderly patients admitted in MGM Hospital, Navi Mumbai, India with the diagnosis of stage I or II hypertension from 2011 to 2013. Results: Data analysis of the present study showed that 68% of elderly population aged between 60 to 69 years were suffering from hypertension. Compared to males, females had a higher rate of target organ damage. This study found that out of all patients with total end organ damage, 54.6 % had CVS complications, 15.7 % had hypertensive retinopathy, 25.9 % and 18.51 had raised creatinine and proteinuria respectively. 19.4 % had cerebrovascular accident (CVA) complications. Among Cardiovascular related complications Coronary artery disease (CAD) was found in 21 patients, out of them 7 had Congestive cardiac Failure (CCF). Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH) was the most common complication and seen in 38 patients. 13.8 % patients had Regional Wall Motion Abnormality (RWMA) Conclusion: The present study concluded that Isolated Systolic Hypertension (ISH) is the commonest type of hypertension in geriatric age group. This study concluded that the most common risk factors of HTN in the elderly are sedentary life style, dyslipidemia and extra salt intake while the most common end organ damage was observed to be Left Ventricular Hypertrophy followed by renal dysfunction. Keywords:  Hypertension,  Isolated Systolic Hypertension, Dyslipidemia.

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