scholarly journals Socio-demographic and psychological features associated with smoking in pregnancy

2021 ◽  
pp. e20210050
Author(s):  
Ângela Tamye Lopes Fujita1 ◽  
Antonio Luiz Rodrigues-Junior2 ◽  
Nayna Cândida Gomes3 ◽  
Bruno Spinosa de Martinis4 ◽  
José Antonio Baddini-Martinez5,6
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Qualitative Change ◽  
Smoking Habits ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Psychological Features ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Objective: To investigate how social and psychological characteristics differ between pregnant women who smoke and do not smoke. To explore associations between social and psychological features with changes of smoking habits by the end of pregnancy. Methods: A case-control study was set up. Smokers cases were never-smokers and ex-smokers controls. Pregnant women (n=328) from public prenatal services were interviewed. Socio-demographic data and psychological variables - personality traits, anxiety, depression, perceived stress, maternal fetal-attachment - were measured. Saliva samples were collected to measure cotinine and to check self-informed smoking status. In addition, 66 smokers were also assessed regarding smoking habits by late pregnancy. Smoking status was defined as a dependent variable. Exposure factors were analyzed through odds ratios. Logistic models and contingency tables were employed according to the nature of variables. "Qualitative change in smoking" was defined as a dependent variable for the last evaluation, and a logistic regression model was built. Results: Lower schooling, higher age, use of alcohol and drugs, living without a partner, and passive smoking showed associations with smoking. Anxiety, depression and perceived stress also exhibited positive association with smoking. Among personality traits, only Neuroticism was associated with smoking. None of the variables were associated with qualitative change in smoking by the end of pregnancy. Conclusion: Smoking during pregnancy is associated with more unfavorable social conditions. Pregnant women who smoke exhibit more negative psychological states than nonsmokers, including a profile of accentuated Neuroticism. None of the investigated variables could predict changes in smoking during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Influence of Active Exposure to Tobacco Smoke on Nitric Oxide Status of Pregnant Women

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 2719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Chełchowska ◽  
Jadwiga Ambroszkiewicz ◽  
Joanna Gajewska ◽  
Joanna Mazur ◽  
Leszek Lewandowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Women Subjects ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Markers Of Oxidative Stress ◽  
Oxide Synthase

Smoking tobacco can impair proper vascular endothelial functioning. This is exhibited through reduced nitric oxide synthesis as well as activity due to accompanying oxidative stress. We examined the relationship between nitric oxide and markers of oxidative stress/antioxidant defense in serum of smoking and non-smoking pregnant women. Subjects included 99 healthy pregnant women, who were tested for nitric oxide (NO), endothelial (eNOS) and inducible (iNOS) nitric oxide synthase, total oxidant capacity (TOC), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). NO, eNOS, and TAC serum concentrations were significantly lower (p < 0.005), but iNOS (p < 0.05) and TOC (p < 0.001) were higher in smokers than in non-smokers. Multivariate regression analysis showed associations between NO concentration and eNOS, TAC, and smoking status in the whole group of patients. In the model estimated separately for smokers, the highest impact of eNOS (β = 0.375; p = 0.021) and cotinine (β = −0.323; p = 0.037) was indicated for NO concentration. In the model of non-smokers, eNOS (β = 0.291, p = 0.030) and TAC (β = 0.350; p = 0.015) were important for NO level. Smoking during pregnancy could exacerbate oxidative stress, impair the action of nitric oxide synthases, and adversely affect the balance of oxygen and nitrogen metabolism. Relationships between NO concentrations and TAC in the studied women’s blood can confirm the antioxidant nature of nitric oxide.

scholarly journals The role of extraversion and neuroticism for experiencing stress during the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. Bellingtier ◽  
Marcus Mund ◽  
Cornelia Wrzus
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Personality Differences ◽  
The Third ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderate Stress

AbstractAlthough long postulated, it has been scarcely researched how personality traits play out differently in distinct situations. We examined if Neuroticism and Extraversion, personality traits known to moderate stress processes, function differently in highly stressful situations requiring reduced social contact, that is, the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on past findings, we expected neuroticism to be associated with exacerbated perceptions of stress. In contrast to past findings, we expected extraversion, which usually ameliorates stress, to be associated with intensified perceptions of stress, especially in regard to the sociability facet. During the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany, one-hundred-thirty adults (age M = 21.7 years) reported on their personality traits including their facets with the BFI-2, COVID-19-related stressors, and their perceived stress during the last month (using the PSS). Findings indicated that neuroticism was associated with higher perceived stress regardless of the COVID-19-related stressors experienced. Facet level analysis revealed differences for anxiety, depression, and volatility. Importantly, trait extraversion was unassociated with stress experiences, whereas specifically the facet of sociability was associated with higher perceived stress. Also, the facets of assertiveness and energy both moderated the relationship between COVID-19-related stressors and perceived stress. In line with the transactional theory of stress, our findings indicate that perceptions of stress were best understood by looking at the interaction of environmental stressors and personality differences. Furthermore, the study substantiates that facets of personality traits offer unique information beyond broad traits in specific contexts.

scholarly journals Risk factors for adverse perinatal outcomes depend on smoking status, a study from a developing country

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shereen Hamadneh ◽  
Jehan Hamadneh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Adverse Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Nicu Admission ◽  
Control Study

Background: This study aimed to investigate the risk factors for smoking and negative perinatal outcomes among Jordanian women about smoking status. Methods: A case-control study was conducted among singleton full-term pregnant women who gave birth at the main hospital in Jordan in June 2020. They were divided into three groups according to their smoking status (active, passive and non-smokers) and were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire, including demographic information, current pregnancy history, perinatal and neonatal outcomes. The study investigated the effect of smoking status on both independent and dependent variables. Results: Our study revealed that low-level maternal education (OR=25.38), unemployed maternal status (OR=2.67), the absence of following up during pregnancy (OR=5.8), smoking husband were risk factors for smoke exposure among pregnant women. The risk for cesarean section was increased in nulliparous smoking women (OR=9.0), those with low family monthly income (OR=7.8), and those who did not get any information about the hazard effect of smoking (OR=4.38), as well as in unemployed passive smoking women (OR=6.25). Parity of more than one has raised the risk of NICU admission inactive smoking women (OR=10.38). This risk was also increased in active and passive women with a lower level of education (OR=186.33 and OR=17.5), respectively, as well as inactive smoking women with low family monthly income (OR=4.11). Conclusions: Appropriate preventive strategies should focus on modifiable risk factors for smoking during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Coping Strategies and Perceived Stress in Pregnant Smokers Seeking Help for Cessation

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Varescon ◽  
Shirley Leignel ◽  
Xavier Poulain ◽  
Caroline Gerard
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Brief Cope ◽  
Stop Smoking ◽  
Pregnant Smokers ◽  
Seeking Help

AbstractDespite substantial efforts to decrease its prevalence, it is estimated that more than 20% of French women continue to smoke during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to assess the perceived stress and coping strategies used by pregnant smokers when they seek help to stop smoking. Eighty pregnant women were involved. Pregnant women who stated their intention to quit smoking (n= 40) were compared with pregnant nonsmokers (n= 40). All participants filled out the Brief Cope (BC), the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS). In addition to these self-report scales, pregnant smokers completed the Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire (FTQ). The results show that pregnant women who smoked used less active coping, planning, and positive framing, considered a good adaptive strength, and had significantly elevated scores on perceived stress and anxiety scales than nonsmokers. This research is the first to provide Brief Cope results for pregnant smokers seeking help to stop smoking linked to perceived stress. The results obtained contribute to the well-known psychosocial factors in maintaining smoking during pregnancy and will be used in the implementation of more effective intervention programs among pregnant women.

Investigating relationship between stress, anxiety and depression with birth growth indexes in pregnant women with COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 1361-1368
Author(s):  
N. Dastyar ◽  
M. Ahmadi ◽  
N. Salari ◽  
A. Arbabisarjou
Keyword(s):  
Critical Care ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Pregnancy can be affected by various psychological factors. These factors have adverse effects on the woman, her fetus. While COVID-19 is a new threatening subjects with less information yet. Therefore, This study conducted to determine the relationship between stress, anxiety and depression with birth indices in pregnant women admitted to the coronary care unit of hospitals in Kerman province in 2020. Methods: This is a descriptive analytical and across-sectional study carried out in Kerman, Iran in 2020. The research samples were 315 mothers affected with Covid-19 who have hospitalized in Covid-19 critical care wards in hospitals. The subjects entered in study by convenience method. The gathering tool was a questionnaire with two parts included demographic data and DASS-21 questioner. Collected data was analysed by SPSS version 18.0 .The Significance level considered 0.05. Results: The results showed that in terms of depression, 23.5% of subjects were in severe status, in terms of anxiety 47.6% were in very severe status and finally 29.2% were in severe stress. The results showed that the variables of stress, anxiety and depression were statistically inversely related to weight and height at birth (P< 0.05), but other indicators were not significantly related(P>0.05). Conclusions: Regard to the adverse effects of stress, depression and anxiety on neonatal outcomes in patients with Covid-19 critical care wards . It is recommended to be consider to such as mental health screening programs and strategies to reduce depression and anxiety in these mothers, To be considered by the health-treatment officials of the country. Key-words: Coronavirus-Stress-Anxiety-Depression-Pregnancy-Birth Index, DASS-21.

scholarly journals High-sensitivity CRP levels in women with gestational hypertension, preeclampsia and in normotensive pregnant women and its correlations

Folia Medica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-518
Author(s):  
Dolina G. Gencheva ◽  
Fedya P. Nikolov ◽  
Ekaterina H. Uchikova ◽  
Rosen D. Mihaylov ◽  
Blagovesta G. Pencheva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Gestational Hypertension ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Hypertensive Disorder ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanism ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Hs Crp

Introduction: Gestational hypertension is a less investigated hypertensive disorder of pregnancy than preeclampsia, but evidence exists of an unfavourable cardiovascular profile for women after such a pregnancy. Aim: To determine serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels in women with preeclampsia, gestational hypertension, and in normotensive pregnancy in order to assess the cardiovascular implications and to examine its correlations with some characteristics of women. Materials and methods: Thirty-six women with gestational hypertension, thirty-seven with preeclampsia, and fifty maternal and gestational age-matched controls were included in a single-center prospective clinical-epidemiological study. Serum hs-CRP levels were determined using ELISA method. Results: Significantly higher hs-CRP levels were found in the gestational hypertension group than in the controls (p=0.043), but not in the preeclampsia group (p=0.445). The levels between the two pathological groups did not differ significantly (p=0.247). Odds ratio for hs-CRP levels higher than the provided cut-off was 3.31 (95% CI 1.32&ndash;8.29) for the presence of gestational hypertension. In the normotensive pregnant women, the hs-CRP levels had a positive correlation with BSA, pre-pregnancy and current BMI, but such correlations were absent in the hypertensive groups. There were no correlations with the maternal or gestational age, current weight gain in any of the groups or with the highest detected blood pressure in the pathological groups. These levels did not differ according to gravidity, smoking status and smoking during pregnancy. Conclusions: Elevation of hs-CRP was more pronounced in women with gestational hypertension than in women with preeclampsia, which could indicate a different pathophysiological mechanism and a higher cardiovascular risk for those women.

scholarly journals The characteristics and effectiveness of pregnancy yoga interventions: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Corrigan ◽  
Patrick Moran ◽  
Niamh McGrath ◽  
Jessica Eustace-Cook ◽  
Deirdre Daly
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Vaginal Birth ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Mode Of Birth ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Abstract Background: Yoga is a popular mind-body medicine frequently recommended and to pregnant women. Gaps remain in our understanding of core components of effective pregnancy yoga programmes. This review and meta-analysis examined the characteristics and effectiveness of pregnancy yoga, incorporating the FITT (frequency, intensity, time/duration and type) principle of exercise prescription in the analysis. Methods: The following electronic databases were searched: MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, CINAHL, WHOLiS, AMED, ScieLo, ASSIA and Web of Science. Randomised control trials and quasi-experimental studies examining pregnancy yoga interventions were eligible for inclusion. Covidence was used to screen titles, abstracts, and full text articles. Outcomes of interest were stress, anxiety, depression, quality of life, labour duration, pain management in labour and mode of birth. The Cochrane Collaboration’s Risk of Bias Assessment tool was used to assess methodological quality of studies and GRADE criteria (Gradepro) evaluated quality of the evidence. Meta-analysis was performed using Revman 5.3. Results: 678 citations were retrieved, 24 studies met inclusion criteria. 22 studies with 1826 pregnant women were included for meta-analysis. Applying per-protocol analysis and a random effects model, the pooled standardised mean difference (SMD) for depression (-0.53; 95% CI: -1.04 to -0.02, P=0.04), anxiety (-0.82; 95% CI: -1.64 to -0.01; p=0.05), perceived stress (-1.03; 95% CI: -1.55 to -0.52; p<0.0001) and physiological stress (-0.24; 95% CI: -0.52 to 0.04, P=0.09) supported a statistically significant beneficial effect of pregnancy yoga interventions for anxiety, depression and perceived stress. Duration of labour was shorter (MD= -116.96; 95% CI -163.36 to -70.56, P<0.00001) and normal vaginal birth rates were higher in the yoga group (OR 2.72; 95% CI 1.26-5.90, p=0.01). The quality of evidence (GRADE) was low to very low for all factors. Twelve or more yoga sessions delivered weekly/bi-weekly had a statistically significant impact on mode of birth, while twelve or more yoga sessions of long duration (>60mins) had a statistically significant impact on perceived stress. Yoga sessions had a statistically significant impact on anxiety while yoga therapy had a statistically significant impact on depressionConclusion: The evidence supports previously cited positive effects of pregnancy yoga on anxiety, depression, perceived stress, normal vaginal birth and shorter duration of labour. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO, CRD42019119916. Registered on 11th January 2019.Protocol publication: Corrigan L, Eustace-Cook J, Moran P and Daly D. The effectiveness and characteristics of pregnancy yoga interventions: a systematic review protocol [version 2; peer review: 2 approved]. HRB Open Res 2020, 2:33 (https://doi.org/10.12688/hrbopenres.12967.2)

Striae Gravidarum, Vitamin C and Other Related Factors

2011 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahime Bedir Findik ◽  
Nurcihan Karakurt Hascelik ◽  
Kadir Okhan Akin ◽  
Ayse Nurcan Unluer ◽  
Jale Karakaya
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Thigh Circumference ◽  
Striae Gravidarum

Background: Striae gravidarum, a clinical condition commonly seen in pregnant women, produces serious cosmetic problems and may lead to psychological problems. Aim: The present study investigated whether there was any relation between the presence of striae in primigravid pregnant women and blood vitamin C levels, and factors thought to contribute to the formation of striae such as family history, weight gained during pregnancy, smoking status, abdominal and thigh circumference, and age. Methods: Overall, 69 primigravid women attending routine antenatal follow-up and, using prophylactic iron and vitamin preparations, underwent investigation. All were pregnant 36 or more weeks. Scoring was based on striae examination and whether striae were present. The relation between the presence of striae, vitamin C blood levels, and other factors was investigated. Results and Conclusions: Multiple logistic regression analysis showed a significant relation between the presence of striae and blood vitamin C levels (p = 0.046) and between the presence of striae and family history (p = 0.023). No significant relation was found between the presence of striae and age, weight gained during pregnancy, abdominal and thigh circumference, or smoking status. It was concluded that further, more comprehensive studies on the issue are required.

Emotion Regulation Difficulties and Social Control Correlates of Smoking among Pregnant Women Trying to Quit

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Fillo ◽  
Kimberly E. Kamper-DeMarco ◽  
Whitney C. Brown ◽  
Paul R. Stasiewicz ◽  
Clara M. Bradizza
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Withdrawal Symptoms ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Pregnant Smokers

Approximately 15% of US women currently smoke during pregnancy. An important step toward providing effective smoking cessation interventions during pregnancy is to identify individuals who are more likely to encounter difficulty quitting. Pregnant smokers frequently report smoking in response to intrapersonal factors (e.g., negative emotions), but successful cessation attempts can also be influenced by interpersonal factors (i.e., influence from close others). This study examined the association between emotion regulation difficulties, positive and negative social control (e.g., encouragement, criticism), and smoking cessation-related variables (i.e., smoking quantity, withdrawal symptoms) among pregnant smokers. Data were drawn from the pretreatment wave of a smoking cessation trial enrolling low-income pregnant women who self-reported smoking in response to negative affect (N = 73). Greater emotion regulation difficulties were related to greater smoking urges (b = 0.295, p = .042) and withdrawal symptoms (b = 0.085, p = .003). Additionally, more negative social control from close others was related to fewer smoking days (b = -0.614, p = .042) and higher smoking abstinence self-efficacy (b = 0.017, p = .002). More positive social control from close others interacted with negative affect smoking (b = -0.052, p = .043); the association between negative affect smoking and nicotine dependence (b = 0.812, p &lt; .001) only occurred at low levels of positive social control. Findings suggest that emotion regulation difficulties may contribute to smoking during pregnancy by exacerbating women's negative experiences related to smoking cessation attempts. Negative social control was related to lower smoking frequency and greater confidence in quitting smoking, suggesting that it may assist pregnant smokers' cessation efforts. Positive social control buffered women from the effects of negative affect smoking on nicotine dependence.

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