scholarly journals Coping Strategies and Perceived Stress in Pregnant Smokers Seeking Help for Cessation

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Varescon ◽  
Shirley Leignel ◽  
Xavier Poulain ◽  
Caroline Gerard
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Brief Cope ◽  
Stop Smoking ◽  
Pregnant Smokers ◽  
Seeking Help

AbstractDespite substantial efforts to decrease its prevalence, it is estimated that more than 20% of French women continue to smoke during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to assess the perceived stress and coping strategies used by pregnant smokers when they seek help to stop smoking. Eighty pregnant women were involved. Pregnant women who stated their intention to quit smoking (n= 40) were compared with pregnant nonsmokers (n= 40). All participants filled out the Brief Cope (BC), the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS). In addition to these self-report scales, pregnant smokers completed the Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire (FTQ). The results show that pregnant women who smoked used less active coping, planning, and positive framing, considered a good adaptive strength, and had significantly elevated scores on perceived stress and anxiety scales than nonsmokers. This research is the first to provide Brief Cope results for pregnant smokers seeking help to stop smoking linked to perceived stress. The results obtained contribute to the well-known psychosocial factors in maintaining smoking during pregnancy and will be used in the implementation of more effective intervention programs among pregnant women.

scholarly journals Acceptability of a cessation intervention for pregnant smokers: a qualitative study guided by Normalization Process Theory

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan E. Jones ◽  
Sharon Hamilton ◽  
Ruth Bell ◽  
Vera Araújo-Soares ◽  
Martin White
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Theoretical Domains Framework ◽  
Normalization Process Theory ◽  
Process Theory ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Intervention Package ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Stop Smoking ◽  
Pregnant Smokers ◽  
Normalization Process

Abstract Background Smoking during pregnancy has serious consequences for maternal and child health. An intervention package to embed National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidance (babyClear©) was delivered across maternity and stop smoking services (SSS) within an English region, to support pregnant women to stop smoking. We aimed to ascertain acceptability among pregnant smokers receiving the intervention. Methods Pregnant smokers who received the intervention and participated in the study were interviewed, first at around 16 weeks of pregnancy (n = 17) and again several weeks later (n = 8) or postpartum (n = 3). Interview schedules were informed by Normalization Process Theory (NPT) and Theoretical Domains Framework; interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and analysed thematically, using the Framework method and NPT. Findings are grouped according to the four NPT concepts. Results Coherence: Carbon monoxide monitoring appeared to make sense; women were motivated to quit by being monitored. Cognitive participation: When linked to a professional discourse of caring and concern, some women were prompted to engage with the SS message. Women were more guarded in their reaction to initial contact from the SSS; reporting attending appointments successfully, or in some cases, experiencing problems that decreased engagement and made quitting harder. Collective action: Where women continued to smoke or failed to attend SSS appointments, an extra intervention was delivered, the Risk Perception Tool (RPT), which often prompted pregnant women to act. Reflexive monitoring: Most women accepted the need for a hard-hitting approach (RPT) and, while it distressed them at the time, they claimed they were subsequently grateful for it. SSS intervention post-RPT was seen as supportive, partly because it often involved home visits. Aspects of family inclusion in babyClear© were reported as beneficial. In Trusts where women experienced services as less focused on prioritising the stop smoking message, less well integrated or reported maternity staff as less adept at delivering the RPT, women found babyClear© less acceptable overall. Conclusions The babyClear© package was acceptable to pregnant smokers interviewed during and shortly after pregnancy and, in some cases, to promote quitting. However, some contexts were more optimal than others, leading to variation in acceptability overall.

Self-Esteem, Psychological Distress, and Coping Styles in Pregnant Smokers and Non-Smokers

2013 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 935-947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Varescon ◽  
Shirley Leignel ◽  
Caroline Gérard ◽  
Frédérique Aubourg ◽  
Michel Detilleux
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Brief Cope ◽  
Pregnant Smokers ◽  
And Coping

The literature underscores that psychological factors could play an important role in smoking behavior, which is considered a coping mechanism. To study relations among measures of self-esteem, psychological distress, anxiety, depressive symptoms, and coping styles in pregnant smokers, a cross-sectional study was conducted. These factors were assessed in two groups of pregnant women (Smokers, n = 40; Non-smokers, n = 40) contacted at one University Hospital in Paris. All participants filled out the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence, the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, the General Health Questionnaire, the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale, and the Brief Cope Scale. Comparisons, correlations, and regression models were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the group of pregnant women who smoked had significantly lower mean self-esteem, elevated psychological distress and anxiety scores, and reported using more emotion-focused coping than the group of pregnant non-smokers. Self-esteem significantly predicted problem-focused coping. This study confirms the importance of assessing these psychological variables to offer women more specific support to quit smoking.

Emotion Regulation Difficulties and Social Control Correlates of Smoking among Pregnant Women Trying to Quit

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Fillo ◽  
Kimberly E. Kamper-DeMarco ◽  
Whitney C. Brown ◽  
Paul R. Stasiewicz ◽  
Clara M. Bradizza
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Withdrawal Symptoms ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Pregnant Smokers

Approximately 15% of US women currently smoke during pregnancy. An important step toward providing effective smoking cessation interventions during pregnancy is to identify individuals who are more likely to encounter difficulty quitting. Pregnant smokers frequently report smoking in response to intrapersonal factors (e.g., negative emotions), but successful cessation attempts can also be influenced by interpersonal factors (i.e., influence from close others). This study examined the association between emotion regulation difficulties, positive and negative social control (e.g., encouragement, criticism), and smoking cessation-related variables (i.e., smoking quantity, withdrawal symptoms) among pregnant smokers. Data were drawn from the pretreatment wave of a smoking cessation trial enrolling low-income pregnant women who self-reported smoking in response to negative affect (N = 73). Greater emotion regulation difficulties were related to greater smoking urges (b = 0.295, p = .042) and withdrawal symptoms (b = 0.085, p = .003). Additionally, more negative social control from close others was related to fewer smoking days (b = -0.614, p = .042) and higher smoking abstinence self-efficacy (b = 0.017, p = .002). More positive social control from close others interacted with negative affect smoking (b = -0.052, p = .043); the association between negative affect smoking and nicotine dependence (b = 0.812, p < .001) only occurred at low levels of positive social control. Findings suggest that emotion regulation difficulties may contribute to smoking during pregnancy by exacerbating women's negative experiences related to smoking cessation attempts. Negative social control was related to lower smoking frequency and greater confidence in quitting smoking, suggesting that it may assist pregnant smokers' cessation efforts. Positive social control buffered women from the effects of negative affect smoking on nicotine dependence.

scholarly journals Urdu Translation and Adaptation of Brief COPE Scale

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Asma Nisa ◽  
Salma Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
World Health ◽  
World Health Organization Quality ◽  
Brief Cope ◽  
Quality Of Life Scale ◽  
Convergent And Divergent Validity ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Health Organization

The phenomenon of coping has received remarkable recognition and instruments have been developed to survey diverse coping strategies. This study was aimed to translate, adapt, and validate Brief Coping Orientation of Problems Experienced (Brief COPE) inventory (Carver, 1997) in Urdu language by focusing on dispositional coping. The study includes two phases: Phase I comprised of translation and adaptation of Brief COPE in Urdu while in Phase II, psychometric analyses were carried out. The sample of 400 students (men = 200, women = 200) with age range between 19 to 25 years was taken from universities of Islamabad. The Brief COPE (Urdu), World Health Organization - Quality of Life Scale-Brief (Khan, Akhter, Ayub, Alam, & Naeem, 2003), and Aga Khan University Anxiety and Depression Scale (Ali, Reza, Khan, & Jehan, 1998) were administered. Factor analysis of Brief COPE yielded three factors namely, Problem Focused Coping, Avoidance Coping and Emotion Focused Coping that explained 33.66% of variance. The subscales demonstrated acceptable alpha reliability. Psychological distress correlated with avoidance and emotion focused coping; whereas problem focused coping correlated with better life satisfaction. Brief COPE demonstrated good preliminary evidence of internal consistency, convergent, and divergent validity for coping strategies, therefore, could be used in research and clinical settings in future in our culture.

scholarly journals Prevalence of stress among postgraduate junior residents in Bangalore, Karnataka, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1309
Author(s):  
Ramya H. S. ◽  
Nisar Ahamed A. R. ◽  
Rajendra Prasad T. C. ◽  
Muragesh Awati
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Burnout Syndrome ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Quality And Safety ◽  
Brief Cope ◽  
Self Reporting Questionnaire ◽  
Moderate Stress

Background: Post graduate residents in tertiary care teaching hospitals in metropolitan cities bear the overwhelming burden due to heavy workload, they are at high risk of developing burnout syndrome, which in turn may affect hospital outcomes such as the quality and safety of the provided care.  This study was conducted to assess their perceived stress, stress induced somatic symptoms and coping strategies by postgraduates in Bangalore, India.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on all postgraduates willing to participate in the study, pursuing their post-graduation in various specialties in Six medical colleges in Bangalore, India. Stress was assessed by Perceived stress scale (PSS-10), Stress induced physical symptoms using selected items from self-reporting questionnaire (SRQ-20), coping strategies using selected items from BRIEF COPE. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis has been carried out in the present study.Results: The mean PSS score in present study was found to be 22.92 (moderate stress). Stress was associated with clinical specialty, higher workload, poor sleep quality due to more working hours, marital status, harmful ideations. In present study Post graduates of OBG, pediatrics, radiology demonstrated higher perceived stress score with a mean PSS Score of 25.57, 24.25, 24.22 respectively. Dermatology postgraduates reported lowest stress levels with a mean PSS score of 16.86.Conclusions: In present study post graduates are facing moderate stress, affecting their physical and mental health resulting in dysfunctional coping strategies and harmful ideations like quitting, which has an impact on quality and safety of provided care.

The effect of cigarette smoking on fetal heart rate tracing during pregnancy

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyriaki Spyridou ◽  
Ioanna Chouvarda ◽  
Leontios Hadjileontiadis ◽  
Nikolaos Maglaveras
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Fetal Heart Rate ◽  
Fetal Heart ◽  
Multiscale Entropy ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Pregnant Smokers ◽  
Linear And Nonlinear ◽  
Pregnant Smoker ◽  
Singleton Pregnancies

AbstractObjective:The objective of this study is to investigate the alterations caused by smoking on the features of fetal heart rate (FHR) tracings as well as to make a comparison between pregnant smokers and pregnant women with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR).Study design:A number of established features derived from linear and nonlinear fields were employed to study the possible influence of maternal smoking on FHR tracings. Moreover, correlation and measures of complexity of the FHR were explored, in order to get closer to the core of information that the signal of FHR tracings conveys. Data included FHR tracings from 61 uncomplicated singleton pregnancies, 16 pregnant smoker cases, and 15 pregnancies of women with IUGR.Results:The analysis of FHR indicated that some parameters, such as mutual information (P=0.0025), multiscale entropy (P=0.01), and algorithmic complexity (P=0.024) appeared decreased in the group of pregnant smokers, while kurtosis (P=0.0011) increased. The comparison between pregnant smokers and pregnant women with IUGR indicated a reduction in Hjorth complexity (P=0.039) for the former.Conclusion:Smoking during pregnancy seems to induce differences in several linear and nonlinear indices in recordings of FHR tracings. This may be the consequence of an altered neurodevelopmental maturation possibly resulting from chronic fetal hypoxemia in cigarette-exposed fetuses.

scholarly journals Perceived Stress and Coping Strategies among First Year Undergraduate Medical Students: A Cross-Sectional Study, Thrissur District, Kerala

2019 ◽  
pp. 9-12
Author(s):  
Maria Mathew ◽  
Navya C J ◽  
Vidhu M Joshy
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
First Year ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Undergraduate Medical Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Brief Cope

Coping strategies used by an individual for stress determine its effect on health and the body’s functioning. Academic challenges make the first year medical students disparately susceptible to it. A cross-sectional study was conducted among the first year undergraduate medical students of a private medical college in Thrissur, Kerala to find the prevalence of stress and the coping strategies used with the help of pretested and validated questionnaire containing the Perceived Stress Scale 10 (PSS-10) and Brief COPE Inventory. 73% of the students had moderate stress and, 20% of the students had high-stress scores. Self-distraction and religion {(6.66 ±1.52), (6.55 ±1.58)}were the most common coping strategies used by the boys and girls respectively. The prevalence of stress was high among the first year undergraduate medical students and those with high-stress scores were found to use maladaptive coping strategies.

scholarly journals Perceived Stress and Coping Strategies in Parents with Autism and Intellectual Disability Children

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Somasekhar
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Stress And Coping ◽  
Brief Cope ◽  
And Coping

The present study was designed to assess and compare perceived stress and coping strategies in parents of children with autism and parents of intellectual disability. For this purpose, Questionnaire on resource and stress and Brief cope scale were administered on 30 parents of children with autism and intellectual disability, selected from Hyderabad. For statistical analysis, Means, standard deviation and t- test were used. Results revealed that there was no significance in Perceived Stress and Coping Strategies for parents of children with Autism and parents of intellectual disability. Parents of children with Autism are experiencing more Stress and seeking more social support than the parents of Intellectual disability.

scholarly journals Gender differences in perceived stress and coping among college students

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0255634
Author(s):  
B. Sue Graves ◽  
Michael E. Hall ◽  
Carolyn Dias-Karch ◽  
Michael H. Haischer ◽  
Christine Apter
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Work Lives ◽  
Brief Cope ◽  
And Gender ◽  
And Coping

Background Many college students register each semester for courses, leading to productive careers and fulfilled lives. During this time, the students have to manage many stressors stemming from academic, personal, and, sometimes, work lives. Students, who lack appropriate stress management skills, may find it difficult to balance these responsibilities. Objectives This study examined stress, coping mechanisms, and gender differences in undergraduate students towards the end of the semester. Design and method University students (n = 448) enrolled in three different undergraduate exercise science courses were assessed. Two instruments, the Perceived Stress Scale and Brief Cope, were administered during the twelfth week of the semester, four weeks prior to final exams. T-tests were used to detect gender differences for the stress levels and coping strategies. Results Overall, females indicated higher levels of stress than their male counterparts. Gender differences were evident in both coping dimensions and individual coping strategies used. Females were found to utilize the emotion-focused coping dimension and endorsed the use of four coping strategies more often than males. These included self-distraction, emotional support, instrumental support, and venting. Conclusions This research adds to the existing literature by illuminating the level of perceived stress and different coping strategies used by undergraduate female and male students. In turn, students may need educational interventions to develop effective and healthy coping strategies to last a lifetime. Faculty and other university officials may want to highlight and understand these various factors to protect the students’ wellbeing in their classes.

scholarly journals 0320 Psychological Correlates of Morningness/Eveningness in Latinx Pre-Adolescents

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A121-A122
Author(s):  
S T Nguyen-Rodriguez ◽  
O M Buxton
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Depression Symptoms

Abstract Introduction Chronotype refers to a preference for morning hours (morningness) vs. evening hours (eveningness) when individuals tend to feel their best (e.g., higher energy levels). People may be classified at either end of this spectrum or along a continuum between these preferences. Among adolescents, eveningness is positively related to depression and anxiety, whereas morningness is negatively related to depression. However, less is known about the relationship of chronotype and psychological health in pre-teens and Latinx youth. The present study explored associations of morningness/eveningness with anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and perceived stress among Latinx pre-adolescents in Southern California. Methods A purposive sample of 100 Latinx children, ages 10-12 years old, completed self-report surveys in their homes or a preferred location chosen by the parent. Measures included the Morningness/Eveningness Scale for Children (higher scores indicate morning preference), Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Perceived Stress Scale (higher scores indicate higher anxiety, depression and stress, respectively). Associations were tested with Pearson correlations. Results The sample was 47% male with a mean±SD age of 10.9±0.8 years. Average score for morningness/eveningness was M=30.2±4.4 (range: 18-41), for anxiety symptoms was M=0.7±0.7 (range: 0-2.8), for depression symptoms was M=0.5±0.4 (range: 0-1.9) and for perceived stress was M=15.2±5.8 (range: 2-30). Greater morningness/eveningness scores, indicating more morningness, were associated with lower scores for anxiety symptoms (r=-.41, p<.001), depressive symptoms (r=-.36, p<.001) and perceived stress (r=-.33, p=.001). Conclusion As has been found for adolescents, higher morningness in Latinx pre-teens was related to less frequent anxiety and depression symptoms, as well as lower perceived stress. Youth experience a circadian phase delay during adolescence, shifting their preference toward eveningness, which may exacerbate stressors and negative mental health. Therefore, interventions to promote psychological well-being in pre-adolescents may help prevent worse psychological outcomes in Latinx children as they transition to adolescence. Support This work was supported by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under Award Numbers UL1GM118979, TL4GM118980, and RL5GM118978.

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