Variability and relationships between characters of physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) in Burkina Faso

Jatropha curcas is a highly promising species for biodiesel production in Burkina Faso and other countries in the tropics. It is rustic, grows in warm regions and is easily cultivated. These characteristics and high-quality oil yields from the seeds have made it a priority for biodiesel programs. Consequently, this plant merits genetic investigations aimed at improving yields. The present study was conducted to determine the extent of genetic variability and relationships among 30 accessions from Burkina Faso using 7 qualitative characters and 20 quantitative characters. For most of the traits, there were highly significant differences among the accessions. A positive and significant correlation between the 100-seed weight trait and the oil content trait was observed. The oil content trait is significantly and positively influenced by growth traits such as plant height and crown diameter. Based on the petiole base pigmentation, three morphotypes were identified: green morphotype, purple morphotype and brown morphotype. The green morphotype was characterized by very high oil content and high 100-seed weight while the brown morphotype presents low oil content and low 100-seed weight. The purple morphotype registered a high oil content and medium 100-seed weight. These results are important for the continuity of breeding programs, aimed at obtaining cultivars with high grain yield and high oil content in seeds.

Download Full-text

Effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilization on the production and quality of oil in Jatropha curcas L. under the dry and warm climate conditions of Colombia

Agronomía Colombiana ◽

10.15446/agron.colomb.v32n2.43265 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 255-265 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Omar Montenegro R. ◽

Stanislav Magnitskiy ◽

Martha C. Henao T.

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Oleic Acid ◽

Jatropha Curcas ◽

Oil Content ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Fruit Production ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Oil Composition

This study was conducted to assess fruit and seed yield, oil content and oil composition of Jatropha curcas fertilized with different doses of nitrogen and potassium in Espinal (Tolima, Colombia). The yields ranged from 4,570 to 8,800 kg ha-1 of fruits and from 2,430 to 4,746 kg ha-1 of seeds. These yields showed that the fertilizer dose of 150 kg ha-1 N + 120 kg ha-1K increased fruit production by 92% and seed production by 95%, which represents an increase of about 100% in oil production, which increased from 947 to 1,900 kg ha-1. The total oil content in the seeds ranged from 38.7 to 40.1% (w/w) with a high content of the unsaturated fatty acids oleic (> 47%) and linoleic acid (> 29%). The highest content of oleic acid in the seed oil was from the unfertilized control plants and plants with an application of 100 kg ha-1 of N and 60 kg ha-1 of K, with an average of 48%. The lowest content of oleic acid was registered when a low dose of nitrogen and a high level of potassium were applied at a ratio of 1:2.4 and doses of 50 kg ha-1 N + 120 kg ha-1 K, respectively. Low contents of the saturated fatty acids palmitic (13.4%) and stearic (7.26%) were obtained, making this oil suitable for biodiesel production. The nitrogen was a more important nutrient for the production and quality of oil in J. curcas than potassium under the studied conditions of soil and climate.

Download Full-text

Influence of Climatic Factors and Soil Types on Seed Weight and Oil Content of Jatropha Curcas in Guangxi, China

Procedia Environmental Sciences ◽

10.1016/j.proenv.2012.01.301 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

pp. 439-444 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Yuanguang Wen ◽

Min Tang ◽

Dongjing Sun ◽

Hongguang Zhu ◽

Jie Wei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Jatropha Curcas ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Oil Content ◽

Climatic Factors ◽

Soil Types

Download Full-text

Keragaman Genetik Beberapa Genotipe Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) Berdaya Hasil Tinggi Berdasarkan Karakter Morfologi, Agronomi, dan Isozim

Jurnal AgroBiogen ◽

10.21082/jbio.v9n1.2013.p28-38 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 28 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Iswari S Dewi ◽

Yusie Arisanti ◽

Bambang S. Purwoko ◽

Hariyadi Hariyadi ◽

M. Syukur

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

Jatropha Curcas ◽

Yield Components ◽

Oil Content ◽

Similarity Coefficient ◽

Jatropha Curcas L ◽

Quantitative Characters ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Qualitative Characters ◽

Completely Randomized Design

The interest in using Jatropha curcas L. from the family Euphorbiaceae for the production of biofuel is rapidly growing. The research objective was to determine genetic variation of several high yielding physic nuts based on their morphology, agronomy, and isozyme characters. The research used Completely Randomized Design with three replications. The treatment was consisted of 8 genotypes i.e. IP-1A, IP-1M, IP-2P, Lombok Timur, Lombok Tengah, Lombok Barat, Sumbawa, and Bima. Analysis of isozyme of the eight genotypes was also conducted according to 5 enzyme systems, i.e. peroksidase, esterase, aspartat aminotransferase, malat dehidrogenase, and alcohol dehidrogenase. Observation was done on qualitative and quantitative characters as well as banding pattern derivedisozymes. The results showed that genetic variation was low when based on qualitative characters and isozyme (0-25%) but relatively high when based on selected quantitative characters analysis (17-81%). Analysis of combined qualitative, quantitative, and isozyme characters still gave low genetic variation (6-33%). Based on the quantitative characters at similarity coefficient of 46% the genotypes can be devided into three clusters. Improved population genotypes, i.e. IP-1A, IP-1M, and IP-2P were placed in 3 different clusters, while other genotypes from NTB area were grouped in the same cluster. Therefore, selection among population of the same ecotype based on agronomic characters such as yield components, yield and oil content was suitable in Jatropha improvement, especially when genetic variation was low. Furthermore, introduction, mutation and crossing are suggested to increase genetic variation of current Jatropha collection.

Download Full-text

Combining Ability And Nature of Gene Effects Controlling Seed Yield And Its Component Traits In Alien Cytoplasm Based Hybrids In Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus L.)

10.21203/rs.3.rs-693842/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Manish Sharma ◽

Y.G.SHADAKSHARI

Keyword(s):

Seed Yield ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Oil Content ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

Gene Effects ◽

Seed Filling ◽

Volume Weight ◽

Component Traits ◽

The Mean ◽

100 Seed Weight

Abstract The present research aimed to study gene effects for seed yield and its component traits in sunflower hybrids having diverse cytosterile sources from Helianthus annuus and H. argophyllus. Five lines and ten testers were crossed in a line x tester mating design to develop 50 F1 hybrids for genetic analysis. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the traits studied. Seasonal variation was found significant for all the traits except stem diameter, volume weight and seed filling percentage. The mean squares of lines and testers from crosses both determine the GCA were also significant for most of the traits which revealed the prevalence of additive variances and additive gene action. The mean squares of lines x tester interactions were also significant for all the traits considered. The significance of lines x tester interactions indicated that SCA is also important in the expression of traits and demonstrated the value of non-additive variances and dominant genes controlling the various traits. Among the diverse cytosterile lines, ARG-6-3-1-4 was identified as the best general combiner for stem diameter, volume weight, seed yield, hull content, oil content and oil yield. While, the line ARG-2-1-2 was best general combiner for days to 50 per cent flowering, head diameter, 100 seed weight and seed filling percentage. The tester M17-R was observed to be best general combiner for earliness and volume weight, while RHA 93 was the best general combiner for plant height, seed yield and oil content. The best cross combinations; MUT-2-8-3-2 x GKVK 3 was found to be good specific combiner for stem diameter, 100 seed weight, seed yield, seed filling percentage, oil content and oil yield, while ARG-6-3-1-4 x GKVK 3 was good specific combiner for days to 50% flowering, plant height and 100 seed weight.

Download Full-text

Effect of soil water stress on water economy and oil composition in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600071860 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 84 (1) ◽

pp. 49-56 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

M. Talha ◽

F. Osman

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Soil Water ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Oil Content ◽

Ripening Stage ◽

Oil Composition ◽

Soil Water Stress ◽

Water Economy ◽

Rapid Elongation ◽

100 Seed Weight

SUMMARYIn a field experiment sunflower plants were subjected to soil water stress (SWS) at — 15 bar during stages of slow elongation, rapid elongation, flowering and ripening.Significant decreases in yield, 100-seed weight and oil content were found as a result of SWS. The treatment resulted too in less evapotranspiration and a better water economy for production of seeds and oil.The iodine value but not the acid or saponification values of the oil was affected by SWS. No qualitative differences in oil composition occurred at different treatments. However, percentage of oleic acid was higher than that of linoleic acid; SWS resulted in a clear tendency for an increase in the ratio of oleic/linoleic acids especially for plants subjected to SWS during elongation stage.Sunflower plants were more sensitive to SWS during the elongation and flowering stages than during ripening stage

Download Full-text

Genetic variability and divergence analyses in Jatropha curcas based on floral and yield traits

Genetika ◽

10.2298/gensr1303655m ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 45 (3) ◽

pp. 655-666 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ramanuj Maurya ◽

Saurabh Verma ◽

Astha Gupta ◽

Bajrang Singh ◽

Hemant Yadav

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variability ◽

Total Variation ◽

Principal Components ◽

Jatropha Curcas ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Oil Content ◽

Principal Component ◽

Mean Value ◽

Cluster Distance ◽

Seed Width

Genetic variability of 80 accessions of Jatropha curcas showed that oil content varied between 20.8-36.1% (X=26.2?0.38). Thirty seven accessions showed seed weight/plant above average mean value (180.2g) and 26 accessions showed oil content above average mean (26.2%). The hierarchical clustering grouped all the accessions into 4 clusters. Clustering showed that majority of accessions i.e. 56 (70%) were genetically close to each other and grouped in two clusters. The maximum intra cluster distance was recorded in cluster IV (30.15). The inter cluster distance varied from 47.59 (between cluster I and cluster II) to 211.27 (between cluster III and cluster I). The cluster III showed maximum genetic distance with cluster I, followed by cluster IV and cluster II suggesting comparatively wider genetic diversity among them. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that first four principal components (PCs) accounted for more than 93% of the total variation. The first principal components accounted for 42.5% of the total variation mainly due to seed length, seed width, seed weight/plant and number of seeds/plant which had maximum and positive weight on this component. Oil content had negative weight on PC1. Thus, PC1 related to the accessions with thick seeds, moderate to high seed yielder with low oil content.

Download Full-text

Response of sunflower cultivars to plant density and nitrogen

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600043021 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 104 (1) ◽

pp. 95-97 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

S. S. Narwal ◽

D. S. Malik

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Oil Content ◽

Plant Density ◽

Higher Plant ◽

Weight Yield ◽

Lower Plant ◽

Weight Number ◽

100 Seed Weight ◽

Filled Seeds

SummaryIn a 2-year study, sunflower oultivar EC 69874 produced greater leaf area than EC 68415, but gave similar grain yields. The former was superior in leaf area, head size and yield per plant but was inferior in 100-seed weight. The leaf area was greater at lower plant density (5·5 plants/m2), which resulted in higher 100-seed weight, number of seeds per plant and yield per plant than higher plant density (11·1 plants/m2). Plant density had no influence on the percentage of filled seeds or oil content. Application of nitrogen improved the leaf area, flowerhead size, percentage of filled seeds, 100-seed weight, yield per plant and grain yield up to 60 kg/ha but decreased the oil content.

Download Full-text

Relationship between fruit maturation stage and physiological quality of physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) seeds

Ciência e Agrotecnologia ◽

10.1590/s1413-70542012000100005 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 39-44 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Laércio Junio da Silva ◽

Denise Cunha Fernandes dos Santos Dias ◽

Carla do Carmo Milagres ◽

Luiz Antônio dos Santos Dias

Keyword(s):

Jatropha Curcas ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Oil Content ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Maturation Stage ◽

Physic Nut ◽

Jatropha Curcas L ◽

Maturation Stages ◽

Physiological Quality

The physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) has great potential for use in biodiesel production due to the high oil content of its seeds. Production of high quality seeds depends upon the appropriate time of harvest. A field experiment was carried out to monitor the maturation process of physic nut seeds and to establish the ideal harvest time of the seeds based on external fruit color. Fruits were collected at different maturation stages based on the external color: green, yellow-green, yellow, yellow-brown and brown. Seeds were extracted manually and, after natural drying, were submitted to the following tests and determinations: moisture content and dry matter, germination, first count seedling emergence, seedling growth, accelerated aging, electrical conductivity, the weight of thousand seeds and oil content. A randomized design was used with four replications. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and, for each test, treatment means were compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. Physic nut seeds with high physiological quality are obtained from yellow and yellow-brown fruits. Seeds from green fruits have lower physiological quality, dry matter and oil content than the other maturation stages. The seeds obtained from brown fruits have a high germination potential, but have low vigor in relation to yellow and yellow-brown stages.

Download Full-text

Groundnut under organic farming: Genetic variability and association studies for yield, quality and disease resistance in recombinant inbred lines

Legume Research - An International Journal ◽

10.18805/lr.v38i5.5940 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 38 (5) ◽

Author(s):

D. Krishnamurthy ◽

P. V. Kenchana Goudar ◽

C. M. Keerthi ◽

H. Prashanth Babu

Keyword(s):

Disease Resistance ◽

Genetic Variability ◽

Protein Content ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Oil Content ◽

Association Studies ◽

Quality Traits ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

Pod Yield ◽

100 Seed Weight

A population consisting of 147 RILs derived from the cross TG 49 x GPBD 4 and their reverse cross consisting 20 RILs respectively (F7 generation) were utilized for the study. Both the populations were subjected to phenotyping for quality traits (oil content and protein content), disease resistance (rust and LLS both at 70 and 80 days after sowing) and three productivity traits (pod yield/plant, 100-seed weight and shelling %) for <italic>kharif</italic> 2009. In both the segregating populations, the analysis of variance indicated significant variation for all the yield traits and diseases, but the variation was found to be less for quality traits. High genotypic and phenotypic variation was observed for pod yield (kg/plant), shelling per cent, rust and LLS at stage I it indicates the presence of considerable amount of genetic variability for these traits whereas in oil content and protein content there is low GCV and PCV. There was a highly significant and positive correlation between the protein and oil content in GPBD 4 x TG 49 population but negative relation in the TG 49 x GPBD 4 population. Highly significant positive correlation was observed in 100-seed weight and pod yield per plant in both the population indicating that breeding for high yield can be achieved without comprising the large seed size, which is a preferred trait for confectionery groundnut. Several RILs superior to best parent were identified for different traits which could be utilized in future breeding programmes.

Download Full-text

A survey of the castor oil content, seed weight and seed-coat colour on the United States Department of Agriculture germplasm collection

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

10.1017/s1479262110000262 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 229-231 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

M. L. Wang ◽

J. B. Morris ◽

D. L. Pinnow ◽

J. Davis ◽

P. Raymer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Weight ◽

Oil Content ◽

Germplasm Collection ◽

The United States ◽

Coat Colour ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

United States Department ◽

Department Of Agriculture ◽

Seed Coat Colour ◽

States Department

Castor (Ricinus communis L.) is an important non-edible oilseed crop that can potentially be used as feedstock for biodiesel production. There are 1033 accessions in the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) castor germplasm collection. The range of oil content in these accessions has never been surveyed. For exploiting castor as a feedstock for biodiesel production, the entire USDA castor collection was procured from the National Plant Germplasm System (Germplasm Resources Information Network) and the oil content was measured with nuclear magnetic resonance. The variation of oil content among all castor accessions ranged from 37.2 to 60.6% with an average of 48.2%. One hundred seed weights were determined and seed-coat colour was also recorded from each accession. One hundred seed weight ranged from 10.1 to 73.3 g with an average of 28.3 g. There was a significant correlation between seed weight and oil content but the correlation value was low (r = 0.1572, P < 0.0001). Fifty accessions with a wide range of oil content were selected to be field grown for further evaluation. The results obtained from this survey will be useful for castor breeders seeking germplasm accessions with high oil content in the collection.

Download Full-text