scholarly journals The resistance of potato varieties to dry fusarium rot in vitro

2019 ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
S. Bomok
Keyword(s):  
Potato Yield ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Artificial Infection ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Genus Fusarium ◽  
Grade 5 ◽  
Fusarium Rot ◽  
Early Ripening

Goal. Determine the resistance of potato varieties against dry Fusarium rot under conditions of artificial infection in the laboratory. Methods. Assessment of the resistance of potato tubers against dry Fusarium rot was carried out with artificial infection by the pathogen, according to the methodology of phytopathological studies on artificial infection of plants. The studied varieties were grown in the fields of Polesye of Ukraine. The laboratory experiment was carried out in 2019 and was repeated twice in May (potato yield — 2018) and August (potato yield — 2019). Tubers of each grade (5 pcs.) Injured in three places with a metal rod to a depth of 10 mm. An inoculum of a fungus of the genus Fusarium, a concentration of 1 × 105 conidia / ml, was injected into these holes with a syringe. The infected tubers were wrapped in filter paper, moistened and placed in desiccators, which were transferred to a thermostat for incubation (at a temperature of 22—24°C and a humidity of 75—80%). Measurements of the degree of damage were performed three weeks after ino­culation. Tuber resistance was determined on a 9 point scale. Results. In seventeen varieties of potatoes of foreign and Ukrainian selection, the degree of resistance against dry Fusarium rot ranged from 3.8% to 15.7%, compared with the control variant 51.6%. Eleven varieties were highly resistant: Barvin, Belmando, Bella Rossa, LaBelle (German selection) Glazurny, Cimmeria, Flooding, Tiras (Ukrainian selection) Carrera, Marlene (Dutch selection) Sorai (Belgian selection). Six varieties were identified as resistant: Wendy, Tuscany (German selection) Monte Carlo (Danish selection), Dymka, Slavyanka, Shchedrik (Ukrainian selection). One variety is unstable (control) Treasury (Ukrainian selection). The studied varieties in the ripeness group were early and medium early. Rotting of tubers of early varieties amounted to 3.8—15.7% and a control of 51.6%, medium early — 6.5—11.7%. So, with artificial infection, varieties of potatoes of the early ripening group have a higher percentage of dry Fusarium rot damage than varieties of the mid-early ripening group. Conclusion. The studied varieties grown in the conditions of Polesye of Ukraine are highly resistant and resistant to dry Fusarium rot (Fusarium spr.) Potatoes and can be recommended for cultivation on farms and for seed purposes.

scholarly journals Influence of the level of mineral nutrition and complex agrotechnical techniques on seed productivity and quality of new potato varieties of different maturity groups in specific soil and climatic conditions

2020 ◽  
pp. 88-93
Author(s):  
L. K. Сhehalkova ◽  
A. M. Konova ◽  
A. Yu. Gavrilova
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Seed Potatoes ◽  
Early Ripening

Relevance. The aim was to study the reaction of new potato varieties early ripening group Zabava and middle-ripening group Smolyanochka on the timing of planting and doses of mineral fertilizers for obtaining maximum yield of seed potatoes. As mineral fertilizers used azophoska, superphosphate and potassium chloride.Results. It was found that the variety Zabava compared to the variety Smolyanochka, had a higher stem-forming ability and exceeded the parameters of the stem in all variants of the experiment. This is due to the biological characteristics of the studied varieties, since the Zabava variety, unlike the Smolyanochka variety, had more multiple eyes on the surface of the tuber. Against the background of applying mineral fertilizers N60P72K90, the density of the stem was higher, compared with the background of applying N32P32K32 in both the Zabava variety and the Smolyanochka variety. It should also be noted that there was a tendency to reduce the stem at a later date of planting in all variants of the experiment. The percentage of viral diseases affected increased with later planting dates and was highest with the planting dates of 14 and 20 may. The highest yield of tubers of the seed fraction was obtained in the variant with a planting date of may 14 against the background of balanced doses of mineral fertilizers (N60P72K90) and amounted to 13.3 t/ha in the Zabava variety, 13.0 t/ha in the Smolyanochka variety. It should be noted that different backgrounds of mineral fertilizers did not have a significant impact on the percentage of potato tubers affected by diseases. At the same time, the incidence of tubers with diseases did not exceed the regulatory requirements of GOST R 53136 – 2008 "Seed potatoes. Technical conditions».

scholarly journals The obtaining potato microtubers on the basis of optimization of in vitro cultivation conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 682-688
Author(s):  
E. N. Somova ◽  
M. G. Markova ◽  
E. A. Vlasevskaya
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Cultivation Conditions ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
Early Ripening ◽  
A New Technique

Search work for optimization of such conditions for in vitro cultivation of potatoes as photoperiod, volume of nutrient medium, choice of a source of carbohydrate nutrition and its concentration, as well as growth regulators of auxin and cytokinin nature, was carried out in 2018-2020. Potato microplants of early-ripening (Alena, Latona, Red-Scarlett), middle-early (Adretta, Charodei, Svitanok Kievsky) and mid-season (Naiada, Ladozhskiy, Skarb) varieties were cultivated at illumination of 75-85 mMol/m2 s-1, 6500 K, air temperature 22...25 °C, relative air humidity 70-75 % and photoperiod from 4 to 16 hours. The results of three years of research have shown that the Murashige-Skooga nutrient medium modified by the Russian Potato Research Center with a 6 % sucrose concentration in a volume of 10 ml per microplant and a 12-hour photoperiod were optimal for micro-tuberization during in vitro cultivation of potatoes of all ripeness groups. The interaction of these cultivation conditions made it possible to obtain an average of 2.5 pcs. of microtubers per microplant of early-ripening potato varieties, 2.4 pcs. - middle-early and 3.2 pcs. - mid-season varieties. Optimal methods of in vitro cultivation of potatoes served as the basis for a new technique for obtaining potato microtubers. If this method was followed, the share of microplants with microtubers of early-ripening varieties increased by 6 %, middle-early varieties - by 12 % and mid-season ones - by 9 %. In addition, the duration of the micro-tuberization period in middle-early varieties was reduced by 14 days, in early-ripening and mid-season potato varieties by 28 days. Microplants of early-ripening and middle-early potato varieties formed larger microtubers, while mid-season varieties were in the lead in terms of quantitative yield.

scholarly journals Tuber yield and water efficiency of early potato varieties (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivated under various irrigation levels

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Jama-Rodzenska ◽  
Grzegorz Janik ◽  
Amadeusz Walczak ◽  
Katarzyna Adamczewska-Sowinska ◽  
Jozef Sowinski
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Potato Yield ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Irrigation Level ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Level 1

AbstractThis study aims to determine the effects of differences in variety and irrigations levels on potato yield (appropriate humidity, temperature, shading the plants from the sun if necessary) on potato yield in greenhouse conditions. Functions of potato production with respect to water use were developed for five dates of measurements of plant growth, in relation to the various vegetation phases. On the basis of potato vegetation phases, the potato water demand was determined. An experiment was conducted using the randomized sub-block method. The first order factor were the two varieties of potato that were grown under drip irrigation with three water regimes as a second factor experiment: level 1 (pF 2.7), level 2 (pF 2.5) and level 3 (pF 2.2). The variety had a significant effect on the weight of potato tubers. The irrigation level had only a significant effect on the total potato biomass. The potato harvest date had a significant effect on both of the examined treatments. The growth dynamics of the aboveground part and potato tubers were the highest in conditions of constant level 1. Regardless of the variety studied, on level 3 caused a reduction in potato biomass production.The highest water consumption was observed during the tuber potato growth period to flowering. The values were varied from 0.39 l/pot day level 1 (in both investigated cultivars) to 0.99 l/ pot/day (humidity level 3 for Julinka cultivar) in July. The most intensive increase in water consumption was observed at the level 3. The average W index of the average daily water dose calculated for Denar cultivar amounted 0.40 l day−1 in the first period (O1) to 0.79 l day−1 in the fifth period (O5) and for Julinka cultivar 0.49 l day−1 (O1) to 0.92 l day−1 (O5). Stress due to water shortage and/or excessive levels of water in the soil negatively influenced the yield of potato tuber. Potato varieties reacted differently to soil water content.

Influence of meteorological factors on potato yield in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-steppe

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (94) ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
R.O. Myalkovsky
Keyword(s):  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Potato Yield ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Lower Yield ◽  
The Right

Goal. The purpose of the research was to determine the influence of meteorological factors on potato yield in the conditions of the Right Bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine. Methods.Field, analytical and statistical. Results.It was established that among the mid-range varieties Divo stands out with a yield of 42.3 t/ha, Malin white – 39.8 t/ha, and Legend – 37.1 t/ ha. The most favourable weather and climatic conditions for the production of potato tubers were for the Divo 2011 variety with a yield of 45.9 t/ha and 2013 – 45.1 t/ha. For the Legenda variety 2016, the yield of potato tubers is 40.6 t/ha and 2017 – 43.2 t/ha. Malin White 2013 is 41.4 t/ha and 2017 42.1 t/ha. The average varieties of potatoes showed a slightly lower yield on average over the years of research. However, among the varieties is allocated Nadiyna – 40.3 t/ha, Slovyanka – 37.2 t/ ha and Vera 33.8 t/ha. Among the years, the most high-yielding for the Vera variety was 2016 with a yield of 36.6 t/ha and 2017 year – 37.8 t/ha. Varieties Slovyanka and Nadiyna 2011 and 2012 with yields of 42.6 and 44.3 t/ha and 46.5 and 45.3 t/ha, respectively. Characterizing the yield of potato tubers of medium-late varieties over the years of research, there was a decrease in this indicator compared with medium-early and middle-aged varieties. However, the high yield of the varieties of Dar is allocated – 40.0 t/ha, Alladin – 33.6 t/ha and Oxamit 31.3 t/ha. Among the years, the most favourable ones were: for Oxamit and Alladin – 2011 – 33.5 and 36.5 t/ha, and 2017 – 34.1 and 36.4 t/ha, respectively. Favourable years for harvesting varieties were 2011 and 2012 with yields of 45.7 and 45.8 t/ha. Thus, the highest yield of potato tubers on average over the years of studies of medium-early varieties of 41.2-43.3 t / ha were provided by weather conditions of 2011 and 2017 years, medium-ripe varieties 41.0-41.1 - 2012 and 2011, medium- late 37,6-38,5 t / ha - 2012 and 2011, respectively.

Maximizing productivity and improving nutrition through intercropping quality protein maize and potato

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Chapagain ◽  
B. Khatri ◽  
P. Bhattarai ◽  
B. Luitel ◽  
G. Ortiz-Ferrara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maize Yield ◽  
Potato Yield ◽  
Quality Protein Maize ◽  
Land Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Commercial Potato ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Resource Poor ◽  
Food And Nutritional Security ◽  
Nutritional Benefits

Intercropping potato with quality protein maize (QPM) could improve the livelihood and nutritional status of the resource-poor farmers who produce and consume them. A study was conducted from 2008 to 2010 to assess the performance of three improved potato varieties in an intercropping system with an improved QPM in the high hills of Nepal. The QPM was sown for four consecutive weeks following potato planting. The commercial potato varieties Janak Dev, Kufri Jyoti and Khumal Seto-1 were used, while the improved QPM was Poshilo Makai-1. Delayed intercropping caused a reduction in the maize yield, but an increase in the potato yield. The highest potato yield was obtained from maize intercropping after four weeks. The grain yield of maize was significantly reduced by late planting beyond the second week. The average weekly rate of increase due to maize intercropping was better for Janak Dev and Kufri Jyoti, while Khumal Seto-1 was less suitable for intercropping. The land equivalent ratio for potato-maize intercropping was 2.23. The results suggest that Poshilo Makai-1 could be incorporated in potato-maize intercropping, leading to higher returns and nutritional benefits. The findings underline the importance of variety and date of intercropping to maximize production. The findings have implications for harnessing higher productivity on resource-poor farms, and could contribute to food and nutritional security for resource-poor farmers.

scholarly journals Biochemistry of postharvest spoilage of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.). 2. Comparison of cellulolytic enzyme production in cultures and fungi-infected sweet potato tubers

2006 ◽  
pp. 48-57
Author(s):  
R. C. Ray
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Enzyme Production ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Rhizopus Oryzae ◽  
Cellulose Synthesis ◽  
Cellulolytic Enzyme ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Potato Tubers

The study was conducted to determine the production in vitro and in vivo of cellulases by Botrydiplodia theobromae and Rhizopus oryzae. Isolates of these organisms were obtained from the postharvest decay of sweetpotato tubers. Results revealed that B. theobrornae and R. oryzae which were isolated from postharvest spoilage of sweetpotato tubers produced endo-13-1,4-glucanase and exo-V-1 ,4-glucanase in culture and in fungi-infected tissues of sweetpotato tubers. The optimum temperature and pH for cellulose synthesis and activity were 30°C and pH 6.5, respectively.

scholarly journals Promoting Tuber Formation In Vitro with Benzyl Amino Purine and Paclobutrazol at Different Concentrations

Akta Agrosia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
Usman Kris Joko Suharjo ◽  
Hasanudin Hasanudin ◽  
Tunjung Pamekas ◽  
Hesti Pujiwati ◽  
Alyi Vanturini
Keyword(s):  
Poor Quality ◽  
Tuber Formation ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Plant Culture ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Range Test

A common problem related to the production of potatoes in Indonesia is the use of poor quality seed sources and declining seeds. Plant tissue culture is one of the best methods used for the provision of quality seeds. This study aims to establish the best combination of BAP concentration and the concentration of paclobutrazol in spurring the growth of cuttings and initiation of potato tubers in vitro.This research was conducted in November 2017 until June 2018 at Agronomy Laboratory of Biotechnology Division and Plant Culture Network of Agriculture Faculty of Bengkulu University. The  research  design  used  was  Completely  Randomized  Design  (CRD)  which  consist  of  18 combination of BAP treatment and Paclobutrazol was repeated 6 times. The concentration of BAP used was 0 mg / l, 5 mg / l, 10 mg / l and the concentration of Paclobutrazol 0 mg / l; 2.5 mg / l; 5 mg / l; 7.5 mg / l; 10 mg / l; 12.5 mg / l. The data of the research were analyzed by F test of 5% level and if there were different between treatments followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) test of5% level. The results showed that the combination of BAP and  Paclobutrazol concentration had significant effect on all observed variables. Treatment of 5 mg / l BAP and 7.5 mg / l Paclobutrazol is the best medium in inducing potato micro tube as indicated by the fastest tuber formation time, highest percentage of productive crops, largest number of tubers per bottle, number of tubers per productive plant, tuber diameter the largest and highest wet weight of tuber per bottle. Keywords : in vitro, BAP, paclobutrazol, Potato

scholarly journals Effects of sweet potato feathery mottle virus, sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus and their co-infection on sweet potato yield in Western Burkina Faso

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 758-766
Author(s):  
E. B. Tibiri ◽  
K. Somé ◽  
J. S. Pita ◽  
F. Tiendrébéogo ◽  
M. Bangratz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Potato Yield ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Western Burkina Faso

AbstractTo determine the effects of sweet potato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV), Sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus (SPCSV) and their co-infection on sweet potato yield, twelve sweet potato varieties were assessed in a hotspot area in Western Burkina Faso. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete-block design with the twelve varieties in three replications. Data were collected on plant growth parameters, plant virus symptoms and yield parameters. Additional testing for selected sweet potato viruses was done using a nitrocellulose membrane enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (NCM-ELISA) and RT-PCR. SPFMV and SPCSV were the viruses detected in this study. Varieties Djakani and Ligri were virus-free and had the highest average yields out of twelve sweet potato varieties assessed. Field monitoring indicated that 58% of plants were found to be virus-infected. The results suggest that severe symptoms were associated with sweet potato virus disease (SPVD) and yield reduction. However, the interaction of SPCSV with other viruses, which may result in synergistic negative effects on sweet potato yield and quality, needs further research.

scholarly journals Effect of some chemicals on incidence of poato soft rot disease in Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Rahman ◽  
AA Khan ◽  
IH Mian ◽  
AM Akanda ◽  
MZ Alam
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Boric Acid ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Pectobacterium Carotovorum ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Soft Rot Disease ◽  
Bleaching Powder ◽  
Carotovorum Subsp ◽  
Rot Disease

Bactericidal effect was investigated by chemicals against potato soft rot bacteria in vitro and in storage. The chemicals were acetic acid, boric acid, bleaching powder, lactic acid, calcium hydroxide, calcium chloride, potassium chloride and sodium hypo-chloride. Among eight  chemicals only three chemicals viz. acetic acid, boric acid and bleaching powder showed bactericidal activity against potato soft rot bacteria  Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (E. carotovora subsp. carotovora) P-138 in vitro. Based on the results of in vitro experiment three chemicals, acetic acid, boric acid and bleaching powder were used to control soft rot disease of potato in storage. Fresh potato tubers were dipped in 0.2% solution/suspensions of acetic acid, boric acid and bleaching powder for 30 min. Then soft rot bacteria Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum P-138 was inoculated on potato. Finally potatoes were stored for 22 weeks in net bags in sterilized condition. All the three chemicals significantly decreased the infection rate, loss in weight and increased percentage of disease reduction (PDR) of potato. Boric acid was the most effective in controlling the soft rot disease of potato in storage followed by acetic acid and bleaching powder. So these chemicals may be used for seed purpose storage of potato tubers for year round storage at farmer’s level.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 52(2), 135-140, 2017

scholarly journals Relative Effects on Virulence of Mutations in the sap, pel, and hrp Loci of Erwinia chrysanthemi

2001 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 386-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilia López-Solanilla ◽  
Arancha Llama-Palacios ◽  
Alan Collmer ◽  
Francisco García-Olmedo ◽  
Pablo Rodríguez-Palenzuela
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Hypersensitive Response ◽  
Double Mutant ◽  
Erwinia Chrysanthemi ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Pectate Lyases

We constructed strains of Erwinia chrysanthemi EC16 with multiple mutations involving three virulence systems in this bacterium, namely pel (coding for the major pectate lyases pelABCE), hrp (hypersensitive response and pathogenicity), and sap (sensitivity to antimicrobial peptides). The relative effects on virulence of those mutations have been analyzed on potato tubers and chicory leaves. In potato tubers, the sap mutation (BT105) had a greater effect in the reduction of the virulence than the pel (CUCPB5006) and hrp (CUCPB5039) mutations. This reduction was similar to that observed in the pel-hrp double mutant (CUCPB5037). The analysis of the strains affected in Pel-Sap (BT106), Hrp-Sap (BT107), and Pel-Hrp-Sap (BT108) suggested that the effects of these mutations are additive. In chicory leaves, the mutation in the sap locus appeared to have a greater effect than in potato tubers. The competitive indices of strains BT105, UM1005 (Pel¯), CUCPB5039, and CUCPB5037 have been estimated in vivo and in vitro. These results indicate that the mutation in the hrp locus can be complemented in vivo by coinfection, whereas the mutations in pel and sap cannot.

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