scholarly journals PHYSICO-TRIBOLOGICAL ANND WEAR MECHANISM CHARACTERISTICS OF HYBRID REINFFORCED Al6063 MATRIX COMPOSITES

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 172-179
Author(s):  
Peter Ikubanni ◽  
Makanjuola Oki ◽  
Adekunle Adeleke ◽  
Olanrewaju Adesina ◽  
Peter Omoniyi
Keyword(s):  
Wear Mechanism ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Stir Casting ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Mechanical Mixing ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Rotating Speed ◽  
Load Increase ◽  
Scientists And Engineers

The development of engineering materials is continuously attracting attention from scientists and engineers for numerous engineering applications. The physical properties and wear mechanism of aluminium (Al 6063) matrix reinforced with silicon carbide (SiC) and palm kernel shell ash (PKSA) particulates at different weight ratios ranging from 0 to 10 wt.% with 2 wt.% intervals were investigated. The liquid route of double stir casting was employed in synthesizing the composites. The wear experiment was conducted using the Taber-type wear abrasion machine. The worn surfaces were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), while the intermetallic phases were examined using the x-ray diffractometer (XRD). From the result, the increase in PKSA and SiC lowered and improved the density of the composites, respectively. The percentage porosity values (2 - 2.4%) obtained in this study were found to be within the acceptable limit of less than 4% for metal matrix composites castings. The mass loss and wear index increased owing to the rotating speed and applied load increase, resulting from the occurrence of mechanical mixing between the contacting surface of the sample disk and the machined disc. Adhesive and abrasive wear mechanisms were the major mechanisms observed in this study. 

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of In-Situ AA8011-TiB2 Composites Produced by Flux Assisted Synthesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 333-338
Author(s):  
Muthamizh Selvan Bellamballi Munivenkatappan ◽  
Sathish Shanmugam ◽  
Anandakrishnan Veeramani
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Stir Casting ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Maximum Hardness ◽  
Percentage Elongation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Casting Technique ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectroscope

In-situ aluminium alloy 8011 matrix composites containing different weight percentages of titanium diboride were synthesized by flux assisted synthesis using stir casting technique. The metallurgy of the in-situ AA8011-TiB2 composites was analyzed using X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectroscope to disseminate the formation and distribution of reinforcements. Density, microhardness and tensile strength of cast AA8011 and in-situ AA8011-TiB2 composites were measured and analyzed. The in-situ formed TiB2 reinforcements showed the maximum hardness of 55.03 Hv and the maximum tensile strength of 158.2 MPa for 8 wt. % of TiB2 whereas the percentage elongation of 7.2% is observed at 4 wt. % of TiB2. Further, the fractography analysis performed on the fractured tensile samples and the mechanism of failures were identified and reported.

scholarly journals Characterization of Al-Mg-Si Alloy Reinforced with Optimum Palm Kernel Shell Ash (PKSA) Particle and its Consequence on the Dynamic Properties for Aerospace Application

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oyewusi Elijah Oyedeji ◽  
Muhammed Dauda ◽  
Shehu Aliyu Yaro ◽  
Malik Abdulwahab
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Loss Modulus ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Damping Factor ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Aerospace Applications

Abstract Nowadays, the demand for naturally and locally sourced materials for usage in automobile and aerospace have been on the increase due to high usage and population increase. In this view, this research is focused on investigating aluminium metal matrix composite materials with the aim of studying the optimum composition effect of Al-Mg-Si alloy reinforced with Palm Kernel Shell Ash (PKSA) particle on static and dynamic properties. Powder methodology was used to manufacture the developed composites. The SEM result showed that the recrystallization during ball milling of the mixture powders characterized the accumulation of higher dislocation density and the presence of harder phases in the PKSA which contributed to their improved thermal properties. Furthermore, the modulus of rupture of the developed Al-Mg-Si-PKSA matrix composites was effectively increased, and it can be drawn that sample C4 (6:94 wt%) has optimized properties. In this study, the storage modulus (E’), loss modulus (E'), damping factor (tan δ) were determined based on the Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis (DMTA) of the developed composites. It was established that the glass transition temperature (Tg) increased with frequency and amplitude. The result of this research also revealed the optimum percentage composition of 6 wt% PKSA on Al-Mg-Si powder is suitable for research aerospace applications.

Development of Hybrid Composite Material of Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) and Periwinkle Shell (PS) Particles in Pure Aluminium Matrix

2018 ◽  
Vol 278 ◽  
pp. 54-62
Author(s):  
R.S. Ebhojiaye ◽  
Patrick E. Amiolemhen ◽  
Akii O. A. Ibhadode
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Hybrid Composite ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Stir Casting ◽  
Aluminium Matrix ◽  
Pure Aluminium ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Hybrid Composite Material ◽  
Periwinkle Shell

Lightweight engineering materials that are strong, durable, wear and corrosion resistant are required nowadays in the field of engineering, especially in the automobile industry. This study was to develop a hybrid composite material of palm kernel shell (PKS) and periwinkle shell (PS) particles as reinforcements in pure aluminium matrix. The central composite design (CCD) of the response surface methodology (RSM) was used to carry out the design of experiment (DoE). Stir casting method was used to fabricate the specimens. The DoE gave 20 runs (experimental samples) which were replicated three times each, bringing the total number of runs to 60 for each of the six responses considered, and 360 specimens were fabricated in all. Three experimental values were obtained for each of the 120 runs for the wear rate, creep rate, density, tensile strength, hardness and melting temperature. The average values were determined and recorded. Control specimens with 100 wt. % pure aluminium matrix, 0 wt. % of PKS and PS reinforcement particles were prepared. The results showed that the reinforcement particles had significant improvement on mechanical properties of the pure aluminium.

scholarly journals Effect of KOH Activator on the Performance of Activated Carbon from Oil Palm Kernel Shell as Supercapacitor Electrode Material

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yola Azli Perdana ◽  
Rahma Joni ◽  
Emriadi Emriadi ◽  
Hemansyah Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Scanning Electron

Karbon aktif dari cangkang kelapa sawit sebagai bahan elektroda superkapasitor telah diteliti. Superkapasitor dirangkai dengan metoda plat/sandwich yang dipisahkan oleh separator. Untuk mendapatkan nilai kapasitansi yang besar dilakukan variasi jumlah aktivator terhadap karbon menggunakan aktivator KOH. Sifat fisikokimia dari karbon aktif diteliti dengan melakukan karakterisasi menggunakan XRD (X-Ray Diffraction), SEM-EDX (Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-Ray) dan SAA (Surface Area Analyzer) dan sifat elektrokimianya diteliti dengan pengukuran CV (Cyclic Voltammetry). Karbon aktif dengan perbandingan 1:5 memiliki luas permukaan yang paling besar yaitu 793,326 m2/g dan nilai kapasitansi spesifik tertinggi yaitu 99,151 F/g. The activated carbon from oil palm kernel shell as an electrode material for supercapacitors has been investigated. The supercapasitor was assembled by plate/sandwich methods. Both electrodes were separated by using a separator. To increase the capacitancy value, variations in the number of activators on carbon were carried out using KOH activator. The physicochemical properties of activated carbon were investigated by characterizing using XRD (X-Ray Diffraction), SEM-EDX (Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-Ray) and SAA (Surface Area Analyzer) and the electrochemical properties were investigated by measuring CV (Cyclic Voltammetry). Activated carbon with a ratio of 1:5 has the largest surface area of 793,326 m2/g and the highest specific capacitance value is 99,151 F/g.Keywords: activated carbon, supercapasitor, activator, surface area, specific capacitance

Microstructure and Tribological Performance of Alumina–Aluminum Matrix Composites Manufactured by Enhanced Stir Casting Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Santanu Sardar ◽  
Santanu Kumar Karmakar ◽  
Debdulal Das
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Stir Casting ◽  
Tribological Performance ◽  
Grit Size ◽  
Homogeneous Distribution ◽  
Aluminum Matrix Composites ◽  
Al Alloy ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Reinforcement Content

Al–Zn–Mg–Cu matrix composites reinforced with (0–20 wt %) Al2O3 particles have been manufactured by enhanced stir casting technique. Microstructural characterization of cast composites by optical, field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) reveals homogeneous distribution of reinforcements in Al-alloy matrix with MgZn2 plus Al2CuMg intermetallics. With increasing particle content, hardness of composite rises considerably in spite of marginal rise in porosity. Tribological performance under two-body abrasion has been studied considering central composite design (CCD) apart from identification of mechanisms of wear via characterizations of abraded surfaces and debris. Composites exhibit significantly reduced wear rate and coefficient of friction (COF) irrespective of test conditions, since mechanisms of abrasion are observed to change from microplowing and microcutting in unreinforced alloy to mainly delamination with limited microplowing in composites. Effects of four independent factors (reinforcement content, load, abrasive grit size, and sliding distance) on wear behavior have been evaluated using response surface-based analysis of variance (ANOVA) technique. Dominant factors on both wear rate and COF are identified as reinforcement content followed by grit size and load. Combined optimization of wear rate and COF employing multiresponse optimization technique with desirability approach as well as regression models of individual responses have been developed, and their adequacies are validated by confirmatory tests. The developed mathematical models provide further insight on the complex interactions among wear performances of the selected materials and variables of abrasive system. The optimum amount of reinforcement is identified at around 15 wt % for achieving the lowest values of both wear rate and COF.

scholarly journals Synthesis, physico-mechanical and microstructural characterization of Al6063/SiC/PKSA hybrid reinforced composites

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. P. Ikubanni ◽  
M. Oki ◽  
A. A. Adeleke ◽  
P. O. Omoniyi
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Casting Technique ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Agro Residues

AbstractThe utilization of agro-residues ash as complementary reinforcing materials continues to gain prominence for metal matrix composite (MMCs) development. A rarely investigated but largely available ash among these agro-residues is the palm kernel shell ash (PKSA). Thus, the present study investigates the influence of PKSA particulates hybridized with SiC on the physico-mechanical properties and microstructure of Al6063 metal composites. The composites are synthesized using the double stir-casting technique with SiC held constant at 2 wt.%, while the PKSA contents are varied from 0 to 8 wt.%. The phases present and morphology of the composites are investigated using X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The density, porosity, hardness, tensile and fracture toughness tests are carried out on the hybrid composites. X-ray diffractometer revealed that for Al 6063, only Al cubic crystal system was identifiable within the matrix. However, for the reinforced composites, major phases identified are Al, Fe3Si, SiC, MgO, and SiO2. The SEM images show that the particulates reinforcements (SiC and PKSA) were uniformly dispersed in the matrix. The percentage porosity for the composites ranged from 2.06 to 2.39%. In addition, hardness, yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of the composites are about 10.3%, 18.5% and 10.4%, respectively better than for Al 6063. However, the percent elongation and fracture toughness are lower for the hybrid composites than for Al 6063 and SiC reinforced composite with values decreasing with increase in ash content. Hence, the MMCs produced will be applicable for light-weight engineering applications.

Fabrication and characterization of Al6063/SiC composites using electromagnetic stir casting process

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440892110457
Author(s):  
Farhan A Shamim ◽  
Akshay Dvivedi ◽  
Pradeep Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Carbide ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Metal Matrix Composites ◽  
Metal Matrix ◽  
Casting Process ◽  
Stir Casting ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electromagnetic Stir Casting ◽  
Al6063 Alloy

In this work, metal matrix composites were fabricated using the electromagnetic stir casting process by adding 5 and 10 wt% silicon carbide in Al6063 alloy. Hardness, ultimate tensile strength, and yield strength of the developed Al6063/SiC/5p metal matrix composites have been improved by 17%, 18%, and 37%, respectively, in comparison with Al6063 alloy. Further, an improvement of 25%, 37%, and 71% in hardness, ultimate tensile strength, and yield strength, respectively, have been noted for Al6063/SiC/10p metal matrix composite in comparison with the Al6063 alloy. Results revealed that the hardness and strength of metal matrix composites were increased with silicon carbide addition in Al6063 alloy. The presence of different elements in metal matrix composites was identified by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy was used for elemental mapping observation of the metal matrix composites. Uniform distribution of reinforcement particles in the matrix with improved mechanical properties of metal matrix composites proved the adequacy of the electromagnetic stir casting process. The presence of facets and dimples in fractographs indicated the mixed mode of fracture. The average percentage porosity presented in Al6063/silicon carbide/5p and Al6063/SiC/10p metal matrix composites was found to be 4.68% and 5.22%, respectively.

scholarly journals Synthesis and mechanical characterization of Si3N4 reinforced copper-tin matrix composites

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-206
Author(s):  
Anjan Kumar B. Hanumantharayappa ◽  
Chaithra Prasanna ◽  
Chethana C. Ragavendra ◽  
Chandrasekhar Singh Beekam ◽  
Latha Shankar Boluvar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Stir Casting ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Casting Technique ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Reinforcing Material ◽  
Sem Morphology

Abstract The present research reports improvement in mechanical performance of Copper-Tin(Cu-Sn) composites due to the addition of hard Si3N4 particles as reinforcement. Two-step stir casting technique was adopted to prepare Si3N4-reinforced Cu-Sn based composites. The uniform distribution of the reinforcement in the matrix was ensured by SEM morphology and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDAX) spectrum of the developed composites. Brinell hardness test and tension test were used to estimate the hardness and tensile strength of the composite. Si3N4 reinforcing materials added to the extent of 7.5% by wt. to Cu-Sn matrix enhanced hardness by 41% and UTS by 33%, YS by 29% and showed 23% decrement in ductility. Thus a comparison of Si3N4-reinforced Cu-Sn based composites with base metal has shown that considerable improvement in tensile properties such as UTS and YS and hardness if reinforcing material is added to the extent of 7.5%.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF REINFORCEMEMT PARTICLES PREHEATING ON MECHANICAL AND MICROSTRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF AMC

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romeo Sephyrin Fono-Tamo ◽  
Jen Tien – Chien
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Matrix Composite ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Stir Casting ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽  
Aluminium Matrix Composite ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Powder Particles ◽  
Scanning Electron

<p class="AMSmaintext">An investigation into the effect of preheating the powder particles versus not preheating before mixing it with an aluminium slurry was carried out. This was seen as way of overcoming the challenge of wettability which often occurs when powder particles are added to a melted metal for the purpose of developing a metal matrix composite. In this study, non – preheated, 2 w.% preheated and 4 w.% preheated palm kernel shell ash powder was used to develop an aluminium matrix composite (AMC) via stir casting method. Mechanical properties revealed that AMC with 4 w.% pks ash inclusion has the highest Vickers Hardness value. Meanwhile, optical micrographs and scanning electron micrograph show that the pks ash both non – preheated and preheated are homogenously distributed into the matrix. This is further confirmed by the energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) mapping of the various samples. Although pks ash particles are only visible on the optical microscope micrographs, the elemental analysis of the various samples through EDS show a strong presence of carbon at various degree proving the presence of pks ash in the composite. Overall, preheating does not significantly affect the surface morphology of the AMCs based on the derived optical and scanning electron micrographs and AMC with higher content of pks ash particles seems to have better mechanical properties</p>

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