scholarly journals PEREMPUAN TERBUNGKAM DALAM R.A. MOERHIA: PERINGETAN MEDAN 1929—1933SUBALTERN SPIVAK

ALAYASASTRA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-38
Author(s):  
Cahyaningrum - Dewojati
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Women ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Dominant Class ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Dutch East Indies ◽  
Subaltern Theory ◽  
The Right ◽  
Descriptive Method

ABSTRAKPada masa Hindia Belanda, perempuan bumiputra mendapatkan banyak penindasan sehingga mendorong mereka menjadi pihak subaltern. Subaltern merujuk kepada pihak yang berposisi inferior dan tunduk kepada pihak dari kelas berkuasa. Pihak subaltern tidak memiliki kemampuan untuk bersuara. Permasalahan tersebut dapat ditemukan dalam novel R.A. Moerhia: Peringetan Medan 1929—1933 karya Njoo Cheong Seng. Penelitian ini membahas subalternitas perempuan bumiputra pada masa Hindia Belanda dan berbagai bentuk penindasan yang dialami dalam novel R.A. Moerhia: Peringetan Medan 1929—1933 karya Njoo Cheong Seng melalui teori subaltern Spivak dengan metode deskriptif analitis. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan terdapat penindasan terhadap perempuan bumiputra sebagai pihak subaltern. Bentuk penindasan tersebut seperti ketidaksetaraan posisi yang menempatkan perempuan bumiputra sebagai nyai serta pelekatan stereotip buruk yang bersifat selayaknya barang, materialistis, dan digambarkan suka menggunakan hal irasional, misalnya sihir.Kata kunci: perempuan, bumiputra, subaltern, R.A. Moerhia ABSTRACTDuring the Dutch East Indies period, Indigenous women had an immense amount of oppression that classified them as the subalterns. Subaltern refers to people that is inferior and submits to people from the dominant class. The subalterns do not have the right to voice their opinions. This issue can be found in the novel, R.A Moerhia: Peringetan Medan 1929-1933 (R.A. Moerhia: Memories of Medan 1929-1933) by Njoo Cheong Seng. This research discusses the subalternity of Indigenous women in the Dutch East Indies as well as the different forms of oppression they endured, which are depicted in the novel, through Spivak’s subaltern theory utilising the analytical descriptive method. The results indicate that there is oppression towards Indigenous women as the subalterns. The form of oppression include inequality of positions that place Indigenous women as nyais and being stereotyped abysmally as being materialistic as well as portrayed as undertaking in acts that were irrational, e.g. magic.  Keywords: women, Indigenous, subaltern, R.A. Moerhia

scholarly journals BUMIPUTRA AUTHOR’S RESISTANCE TOWARD POLITICAL HEGEMONY AND CANONIZATION OF BALAI PUSTAKA IN THE NOVEL HIKAYAT KADIROEN AND STUDENT HIDJO

LITERA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hary Sulistyo ◽  
Endang Sartika
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Novel ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Literary Politics ◽  
Dutch East Indies ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Colonial Government

The ideological and aesthetic contestation of Balai Pustaka, forcing writer‟s resistance particularly Bumiputra writers. The ideological contestation occurs because Balai Pustaka as the apparatus of the Colonial government suppress the resistance attitudes of the indigenous authors. The authors, who ideologically contradicted with the government, resisted the politics of literature through their works. This research is intended to reveal the canonization of Balai Pustaka which governs the aesthetic and ideological standards of literary works and the resistance of Bumiputra authors toward the hegemony of the Dutch East Indies. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative approach by seeing the text as the representation of hegemony and resistance as well as linking textual and contextual issues to describe literary politics and the reflection of general politics. The objects of this research are the text and historical context represented in the novel Hikayat Kadiroen and Student Hidjo. The results show that Hikayat Kadiroen presents exemplary attitudes of fair leaders in solving peoples‟ problems and representing the identity of Indonesian literature. Whereas Student Hidjo portrayed concern for the Indigenous people by criticisizing the political hegemony on racial basic. The resistance of Bumiputra authors was shown by raising resistance theme toward colonialism in the Dutch East Indies, as a form of resistance toward political hegemony and canonization of Balai Pustaka.Keywords: hegemony and resistance, Dutch East Indies, cultural identity.RESISTENSI PENGARANG BUMIPUTERA TERHADAP HEGEMONI POLITIK DAN KANONISASI BALAI PUSTAKA DALAM NOVEL HIKAYAT KADIROEN DAN STUDENT HIDJOAbstrakKontestasi ideologis dan estetis Balai Pustaka, menghadirkan sikap-sikap perlawanan khususnya para penulis Bumiputra. Pertarungan ideologis terjadi karena Balai Pustaka sebagai apparatus pemerintah Kolonial, menekan sikap-sikap perlawanan pengarang Pribumi. Para pengarang yang secara ideologi berseberangan dengan pemerintah, melakukan resistensi atas politik kesusastraan melalui karya-karyanya. Tujuan penelitian ini mengungkapkan kanonisasi Balai Pustaka yang mengatur standar estetis dan idelogis karya sastra dan perlawanan kelompok Bumiputra terhadap hegemoni yang diterapkan di Hindia Belanda. Metode penelitian ini diawali dengan melihat teks sebagai representasi hegemoni dan resistensi dalam novel Hikayat Kadiroen dan Student Hidjo. Menghubungkan persoalan tekstual dan kontekstual untuk menjabarkan politik sastra dan cerminan politik general. Hasil penelitian menunjukan Hikayat Kadiroen menghadirkan sikap keteladanan pemimpin yang adil terhadap rakyat dalam menyeselaikan persoalan dan merepresentasikan identitas kultural kesusastraan Indonesia. Sedangkan Student Hidjo, menunjukkan sikap kepedulian terhadap Pribumi dengan kritik terhadap hegemoni politik atas dasar rasialis. Resistensi pengarang Bumiputra terhadap Balai Pustaka, ditunjukkan dengan mengangkat tema perlawanan terhadap kolonialisme di Hindia Belanda, sebagai bentuk resistensi terhadap hegemoni dan kanonisasi Balai Pustaka.Kata kunci: hegemoni dan resistensi, Hindia Belanda, identitas kultural.

scholarly journals THE DISCOURSE OF PADANG RESTAURANTS IN GUS TF SAKAI’S NOVEL ULAR KEEMPAT

2018 ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Fadlillah Fadlillah ◽  
AA Bagus Wirawan ◽  
I Wayan Cika
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Studies ◽  
Final Part ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Indonesian Government ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Dutch East Indies ◽  
Liberal Culture

The topic of the research is the novel titled Ular Keempat (the Fourth Snake) by Gus tf Sakai. It is focused on the text of Rumah Makan Padang (Padang restaurants) in the novel based on the study of cultural studies literature. In the final part of the story of Ular Keempat, there is a side text of Rumah Makan Padang. The main point of the research is the archeology of Rumah Makan Padang. The approaches used are the Foucault‘s discourse and Derrida‘s deconstruction. The result of the study shows that the essence of  the story of Hajj trip in the articulation of Minangkabau people‘s view of life can be revealed in some texts. First, text of Padang was the episteme discourse built by the Dutch East Indies goverment. Second, the discourse of Minangkabau Sufistic culture systemically was demolished by the Dutch East Indies government. Third, the discourse of Minangkabau culture was systemically controlled by the Dutch East Indies government. Fourth, the discourse of Dutch colonial‘s liberal culture is actually continued by the Indonesian government towards Minangkabau culture. Fifth, the literary approach can be applied by studying the metaphors and cultural hospitality. Through this research it can be argued that the text of Hajj trip, in the novel of Ular Keempat, is a manifestation of the essence of merantau text empirically. Life for Minangkabau people is actually migration and after life is the true home; this is theirlife view. Thus, Minangkabau culture is actually a sufistic culture, and surau is the center of Minangkabau culture.

scholarly journals Rereading Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje: His Islam, Marriage and Indo-European Descents in the Early Twentieth-Century Priangan

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Jajang A Rohmana
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Indigenous Women ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Good Reputation ◽  
Dutch East Indies ◽  
Colonial Government

<span>This study focuses on a controversial issue about Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje’s family that was left in the Dutch East Indies in the early twentieth century. The issue sparked a debate among scholars in the 1980s. The debate was concerned with the Dutch government's denial of Hurgronje’s marriage to an Indigenous woman as it was intended to maintain his good reputation. As a matter of fact, the colonial government forbids the marriage of European people with Indigenous women because it would tarnish their status and make it difficult in their careers. This study is meant as a follow-up of van Koningsveld's findings about Hurgronje’s wife and children in Priangan. Here the writer uses a historical analysis of the letters written by Hasan Mustapa to Hurgronje (Cod. Or. 8952). He argues that Hurgronje's history needs to be read in his position as a colonial official who may be worried about rules set by the colonial government. This study shows that Hurgronje cannot be considered completely irresponsible to his Indo-European family in the Dutch East Indies. In fact, he continued to monitor the condition of his family through regular correspondence with Hasan Mustapa, his close friend in the Dutch East Indies. This study is important in a sense that it is expected to be able to rectify the confusion over the issue of Hurgronje's morality towards his family. It offers another perspective of the history of colonialism dealing with interracial relation between Indigenous women, and their offspring, and European men amid the rise of the issue of <em>Nyai</em> and concubinage in the Dutch East Indies.</span>

scholarly journals HIBRIDITAS TOKOH DALAM NOVEL REMAJA KERONCONG CINTA KARYA AHMAD FAISHAL

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Dheny Jatmiko
Keyword(s):  
The Novel ◽  
Social Politics ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
East Indies ◽  
The Third ◽  
Politics And Culture ◽  
Identity Ambiguity ◽  
Dutch East Indies

The novel Keroncong Cinta by Ahmad Faishal was an adolescent novel about social, politics and culture life of a family due to the interracial Europe-Java marriage at the end of colonial era. This research used postcolonial approach to reveal the forms of characters hybridity and interpret it in relation to the colonial era in Dutch East Indies context. This research discovered that the hybridity in Dutch East Indies caused by marriage, concubinage, education and the spirit to gain equality experienced by the Indo. The forms of characters hybridity showed through the identity ambivalence and ambiguity as the results of contradiction between indigenous and Europe cultures. These forms among others are identity ambiguity and awareness of the Indo as the third class, the blurring of colonialism contradictive lines and a lady’s Europe orientation. This research also proofed that adolescent literatures, as a part of popular literatures, are not only literatures filled with entertainment and simplicity.AbstrakNovel Keroncong Cinta karya Ahmad Faishal merupakan novel remaja yang menceritakan kehidupan sosial, politik, dan budaya sebuah keluarga karena perkawinan antarras Eropa-Jawa di akhir masa kolonial. Penelitian ini memanfaatkan pendekatan poskolonial untuk mengungkap bentuk-bentuk hibriditas tokoh dan diinterpretasi dalam kaitannya dengan konteks masa kolonial di Hindia Belanda. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa hibriditas di Hindia Belanda disebabkan oleh perkawinan, pergundikan, pendidikan, dan semangat memperoleh persamaan derajat yang dialami kalangan Indo. Bentuk-bentuk hibriditas tokoh ditunjukkan dengan adanya ambivalensi dan ambiguitas identitas sebagai akibat dari kontradiksi antara kultur Eropa dan pribumi. Bentukbentuk hibriditas tokoh antara lain ambiguitas identitas dan kesadaran orang Indo sebagai kelas ketiga;pengaburan garis-garis kontradiktif koloniaslisme; dan orientasi ke-Eropa-an seorang Nyai. Penelitian ini sekaligusmembuktikan bahwa sastra remaja, sebagai bagian sastra populer, bukan hanya sastra yang berisi hiburan dan kesederhanaan.

scholarly journals Praktik mistisisme Jawa dalam novel Mantra Pejinak Ular karya Kuntowijoyo

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-352
Author(s):  
Arif Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Flow Model ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Sociology Of Literature ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Data Source ◽  
The Right ◽  
Book Publishers ◽  
Descriptive Method

Mistisisme dalam tataran masyarakat Jawa menjadi salah satu hal yang tidak dapat dipisahkan dalam setiap perilaku yang terjadi di tengah masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan praktik mistisisme Jawa dalam novel Mantra Pejinak Ular karya Kuntowijoyo. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif, pendekatan yang digunakan adalah sosiologi sastra. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah novel Mantra Pejinak Ular karya Kuntowijoyo yang diterbitkan oleh Penerbit Buku Kompas. Data dalam penelitian ini mencakup satuan cerita yang terwujud dalam dialog, monolog, paragraf, sekuen cerita, bagian kalimat, maupun narasi tokoh yang menggambarkan praktik mistisisme Jawa dalam novel Mantra Pejinak Ular karya Kuntowijoyo. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan langkah (a) membaca sumber data; (b) unitizing (mengambil data yang tepat dengan cara menandai teks; serta (c) mencatat dan menginventarisasi teks yang relevan. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan flow model of analysis yang dikemukakan oleh Miles dan Huberman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam novel Mantra Pejinak Ular karya Kuntowijoyo menunjukkan praktik mistisisme Jawa pada tingkatan sarengat/syariat dan tingkatan hakekat. Praktik mistisisme Jawa pada tingkatan sarengat/syariat dibuktikan dengan (1) percaya pada benda mitologi dan (2) percaya pada mitos-mitos. Pada tingkatan hakekat dibuktikan dengan ibadah yang dilakukan untuk menemui Tuhan dalam bentuk salat istikharah. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa praktik mistisisme Jawa yang dominan dilakukan oleh masyarakat Jawa dalam novel Mantra Pejinak Ular karya Kuntowijoyo adalah pada tingkatan sarengat/syariat dan hakekat.                                     Mysticism at the level of Javanese society is one thing that cannot be separated in every behavior that occurs in society. This study aims to describe the practice of Javanese mysticism in the novel Mantra Pejinak Ular by Kuntowijoyo. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method, the approach used is the sociology of literature. The data source in this study is the novel Mantra Pejinak Snake by Kuntowijoyo published by Kompas Book Publishers. The data in this study include story units that are manifested in dialogues, monologues, paragraphs, story sequences, sentence sections, and character narratives that describe the practice of Javanese mysticism in the novel Mantra Pejinak Ular by Kuntowijoyo. Data collection is done by steps (a) reading the data source; (b) unitizing (taking the right data by marking the text; and (c) recording and inventorying relevant texts. Data analysis was carried out using the flow model of analysis proposed by Miles and Huberman. The results showed that in the novel Mantra Pejinak Ular Kuntowijoyo's work shows the practice of Javanese mysticism at the sarengat/syariat level and the essence level. The practice of Javanese mysticism at the sarengat/syariat level is proven by (1) believing in mythological objects and (2) believing in myths. Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that the dominant practice of Javanese mysticism carried out by the Javanese people in the novel Mantra Pejinak Ular by Kuntowijoyo is at the level of sarengat/syariat and essence.

scholarly journals ag LANGUAGE VARIATIONS FOUND IN THE NOVEL BUMI MANUSIA BY PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (01) ◽  
pp. 53-62
Author(s):  
Agus Sulaeman ◽  
Abdul Rohim ◽  
Zaenal Muttaqien
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Language Variation ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Content Analysis Method ◽  
Pramoedya Ananta Toer ◽  
Dutch East Indies

The purpose of this study describes the use of language variations found in the novel Bumi Manusia by Pramoedya Ananta Toer. The approach used in this study is a qualitative approach and the method used is a content analysis method that aims to provide an objective picture of language variations in accordance with the data contained in the novel Bumi Manusia by Pramoedya Ananta Toer. The data used in this study are written data in the form of novel texts containing language variations in the novel Bumi Manusia by Pramoedya Ananta Toer published by Mardi Yuana Printing Graphic Printing in 2015. Based on the analysis, there are variations in language in the novel Bumi Manusia by Pramoedya Ananta Toer namely: Dutch, Japanese, Javanese and English. In the novel Bumi Manusia, Dutch is a variation of language that dominates from other languages ​​because in this novel it is told that there was a Dutchman in the Dutch East Indies. In the novel Bumi Manusia, Japanese is not very visible because Japanese is only a distraction in just one part. Javanese language can be said as a variation of language that dominates the two because in this novel tells the life of a genuine Javanese who falls in love with a Netherland. Same thing with the Javanese language in the novel Bumi Manusia, English is no less in existence with other language variations found in this novel. The significance of the study is to give useful information about the language variation and useful contribution for linguistic and education

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