MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF A MODIFIED ROTMAN LENS BASED ON AN ASYMMETRIC STRIPE LINE

2021 ◽  
pp. 102-107
Author(s):  
Ю.Г. Пастернак ◽  
В.А. Пендюрин ◽  
Ф.С. Сафонов
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Antenna Array ◽  
Experimental Model ◽  
Frequency Band ◽  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Main Type ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Antenna System ◽  
Overlap Coefficient

Печатные линзы Ротмана из-за своей достаточной простоты построения и за свои широкополосные свойства, а именно за счет коэффициента частотного перекрытия (может достигать 2-3 и даже более), являются одним из основных перспективных направлений для формирования лучей в многолучевых антенных решетках (МАР). Принцип работы таких линз основан на различных путях распространения волны внутри ее структуры, благодаря которому линза может работать в сверхширокой полосе частот. Но из-за этого возникает новая проблема, а именно: увеличение габаритных размеров антенной системы. Вследствие чего такую конструкцию очень сложно интегрировать в компактную систему приемопередатчика. Эту проблему предлагается решить путем разработки более компактной линзы Ротмана, сложенной пополам. Такой кардинальный метод изменения (уменьшения) габаритных размеров линзы Ротмана мы объясняем тем, что основным типом волны, переносящим подавляющую долю энергии, является волна ТЕМ, для которой практически отсутствует дисперсия в СВЧ-ламинатах с малыми потерями. А для радиолокации, радиопеленгации и связи нужны именно такие способы решения технических трудностей. Но перед тем как создать опытную модель или макет антенной решетки, необходимо провести ряд экспериментов, расчетов и подтвердить заданные технические характеристики ФАР. В данной работе была создана и посчитана математическая модель линзы Ротмана, основанная на том, что ее свернули пополам Rotman printed lenses are one of the main promising directions for ray formation in multipath antenna arrays (MAA) due to their sufficient simplicity of construction and their wide-band properties, namely, due to the frequency overlap coefficient (it can reach 2-3 or even more). The principle of operation of such lenses is based on different paths of wave propagation within its structure, thanks to which the lens can work with an extremely wide frequency band. However, because of this, a new problem arises - an increase in the overall dimensions of the antenna system. As a result, this design is very difficult to integrate into a compact transceiver system. This problem is proposed to be solved by developing a more compact Rotman lens folded in half. We explain this cardinal method of changing (reducing) the overall dimensions of the Rotman lens by the fact that the main type of wave that transfers the overwhelming share of energy is the TEM wave, for which there is practically no dispersion in microwave laminates with small losses. And for radar, radio direction finding and communication, these are the ways to solve technical difficulties. Before creating an experimental model or layout of the antenna array, it is necessary to conduct a number of experiments, calculations and confirm the specified technical characteristics of the PAA. In this paper, a mathematical model of the Rotman lens was created and calculated based on the fact that it was folded in half

scholarly journals Efficient Microstrip Antenna system using Reduced GP Structure for Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) Applications

YMER Digital ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 790-807
Author(s):  
N Parthiban ◽  
◽  
M Mohamed Ismail ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Band ◽  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Patch Antenna ◽  
Microstrip Antenna ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Antenna System ◽  
Microstrip Patch Antenna ◽  
Ultra Wide Band ◽  
Microstrip Patch ◽  
Uwb Applications

Microstrip antenna is an essential choice for Ultra Wide Band (UWB) applications of its light weight, low profile and easy to form antenna arrays. However, the design of microstrip patch antenna bandwidth is greatly affects by the dielectric substrate material (FR4). In this research, the bandwidth enhancement of MPA was designed by minimizing the dimension of Defected GP (DGP) in GP for Ultra Wide Band wireless applications. But, the antenna design complexity increases with the number of an operating frequency band. In this research, the MPA was designed as small as size of 10×13×1.6 mm and operates on frequency band between 3.1GHz to 10.6GHz for VSWR less than 2. The microstrip patch antenna was designed at 3.1GHz to 10.6GHz using High-Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) software. The simulation result shows that the proposed microstrip patch antenna obtained <-10dB of return loss from 3.1GHz to 10.6GHz throughout the frequency range. The measured result proves that the proposed microstrip patch antenna has better characteristics to fulfill the requirements of UWB applications

scholarly journals ULTRA-WIDEBAND SCANNING ANTENNA ARRAY WIRE EMITTERS

Doklady BGUIR ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
O. A. Yurtsev ◽  
A. A. Popov
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Array ◽  
Frequency Band ◽  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Ultra Wideband ◽  
Linear Lattice ◽  
Matching Criterion ◽  
Single Emitter ◽  
Phase Scan ◽  
Overlap Coefficient ◽  
Scanning Antenna

The aim of the work is to determine the properties of the ultra-wideband scanning antenna array of wire emitters. A single element of the grid is a three-dimensional antenna Vivaldi. Numerical simulation of antenna arrays and single Vivaldi emitters was carried out by the method of integral equations in the thin-wire approximation using the original program and the MMANA program. The dimensions of all elements of a single emitter are determined by the criterion of matching and the shape of the radiation pattern for operation in the frequency range 2–18 GHz. The described variant of the antenna according to the matching criterion (SWR < 2) has a frequency overlap coefficient of 12. The narrowing of the frequency band of a single emitter in the composition of non-scanning and scanning gratings within the angle of 30 degrees is determined. The article deals with the range properties of antenna arrays depending on the parameters of the emitters and the possibility of phase scanning. It is shown that the greatest frequency band in agreement has a lattice with a minimum step of placement of emitters. In a flat antenna array, when scanning in the H-plane, the frequency band according to the matching criterion decreases by 2–3 times. It is shown that the linear lattice without scanning has a frequency overlap coefficient equal to 6 according to the criterion of matching emitters. This ratio decreases as the phase scan sector increases. In a flat lattice, the frequency overlap coefficient and the phase scan sector are smaller than in a linear lattice and decrease with the number of rows. The reduced antenna array has a number of design advantages and can be used in systems with ultra-wideband signals.

scholarly journals Efficient Microstrip Antenna system using Reduced GP Structure for Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) Applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parthiban N ◽  
Mohamed Ismail M
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Band ◽  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Patch Antenna ◽  
Microstrip Antenna ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Antenna System ◽  
Microstrip Patch Antenna ◽  
Ultra Wide Band ◽  
Microstrip Patch ◽  
Uwb Applications

Abstract Microstrip antenna is an essential choice for Ultra Wide Band (UWB) applications of its light weight, low profile and easy to form antenna arrays. However, the design of microstrip patch antenna bandwidth is greatly affects by the dielectric substrate material (FR4). In this research, the bandwidth enhancement of MPA was designed by minimizing the dimension of Defected GP (DGP) in GP for Ultra Wide Band wireless applications. But, the antenna design complexity increases with the number of an operating frequency band. In this research, the MPA was designed as small as size of 10×13×1.6 mm and operates on frequency band between 3.1GHz to 10.6GHz for VSWR less than 2. The microstrip patch antenna was designed at 3.1GHz to 10.6GHz using High-Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) software. The simulation result shows that the proposed microstrip patch antenna obtained <-10dB of return loss from 3.1GHz to 10.6GHz throughout the frequency range. The measured result proves that the proposed microstrip patch antenna has better characteristics to fulfill the requirements of UWB applications.

scholarly journals A Graphene-Assembled Film Based MIMO Antenna Array with High Isolation for 5G Wireless Communication

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 2382
Author(s):  
Rongguo Song ◽  
Xiaoxiao Chen ◽  
Shaoqiu Jiang ◽  
Zelong Hu ◽  
Tianye Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Array ◽  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽  
Frequency Selective Surface ◽  
Antenna System ◽  
Antenna Element ◽  
Mimo Antenna ◽  
High Isolation ◽  
Input Multiple Output ◽  
Alternative Material

With the development of 5G, Internet of Things, and smart home technologies, miniaturized and compact multi-antenna systems and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna arrays have attracted increasing attention. Reducing the coupling between antenna elements is essential to improving the performance of such MIMO antenna system. In this work, we proposed a graphene-assembled, as an alternative material rather than metal, film-based MIMO antenna array with high isolation for 5G application. The isolation of the antenna element is improved by a graphene assembly film (GAF) frequency selective surface and isolation strip. It is shown that the GAF antenna element operated at 3.5 GHz has the realized gain of 2.87 dBi. The addition of the decoupling structure improves the isolation of the MIMO antenna array to more than 10 dB and corrects the antenna radiation pattern and operating frequency. The isolation between antenna elements with an interval of 0.4λ is above 25 dB. All experimental results show that the GAF antenna and decoupling structure are efficient devices for 5G mobile communication.

scholarly journals Wide-Band High-Gain DGS Antenna System for Indoor Robot Positioning

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Bai ◽  
Chenglie Du
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Array ◽  
Mutual Coupling ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Antenna System ◽  
Fusion Technology ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Signal Fusion ◽  
Wireless Signal ◽  
Robot Positioning

Based on multisource wireless signal fusion technology, the autonomous positioning systems of robots have been widely employed. How to design a compact compostable antenna array for indoor robot positioning is still a problem. In this study, we proposed a compact ultrathin antenna unit that effectively reduces the mutual coupling between any adjacent units, while covering most of the existing communication bands, including 2G/3G/4G/Wi-Fi, which will greatly reduce the size of the positioning antenna array. The proposed antenna system has been employed for positioning purpose with high-gain, wide-frequency band and limited size. It necessarily improves the accuracy of positioning signal from various unknown sources and finally accomplishes its autonomous positioning function.

scholarly journals Experimental study on improving the accuracy of marine gravimetry by combining moving-base gravimeters with GNSS antenna array

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhimin Shi ◽  
Junjian Lang ◽  
Xinghui Liang ◽  
Zhibo Zhou ◽  
Aizhi Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Array ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Frequency Band ◽  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Measurement Accuracy ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Gravity Measurement ◽  
Vertical Position ◽  
Point Positioning

AbstractThe gravity field is one of the Earth’s basic physical fields. The geoid can be calculated and the tectonic activity underground can be inversed by gravity anomaly. With the development of various ship-borne gravimeters and navigation technology, including the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and Strapdown Inertial Navigation System (SINS), the precision of marine gravimetry has been significantly improved (achieve or better than 1mGal). Errors arising from calculations of the correction term have become the main source of gravity measurement errors. At present, the traditional approach is to deploy a GNSS antenna, connect the GNSS antenna to the gravimeter, record the real-time position through data acquisition software, and then use this position to calculate the gravity correction item afterward. Two errors are inevitable. (1) The GNSS antenna position error is large. The pseudorange point positioning method is generally used to obtain real-time GNSS antenna positions, and the positioning accuracy is poor compared with that of precise point positioning. (2) The position coordinates of the gravimeter contain systematic errors related to the ship’s attitude. In this paper, a joint experiment including GNSS antenna arrays and ship-borne gravimeters was designed to evaluate the measurement accuracy via repeat lines on the same ship. The experimental results show the following: (1) attitude accuracies of 0.0299° for the yaw angle, 0.0361° for the pitch angle, and 0.1671° for the roll angle can be obtained at baseline lengths of 25 and 4 m. (2) The GNSS antenna array has an obvious role in determining the point acceleration in the low-frequency band (0–0.01 Hz) and the point position and velocity in the high-frequency band (0.01–1 Hz). (3) The vertical position eccentricity causes an absolute error of 1 mGal and a relative error of $${10}^{-1}$$ 10 - 1 mGal in gravity measurements and can be corrected by the GNSS antenna array method. (4) Using a GNSS antenna array can obviously improve the measurement accuracy of an instrument with a precision equaling or exceeding 1 mGal, but cannot obviously improve that to an instrument with poor precision (2 mGal or below).

scholarly journals Formation of additional virtual reception channels when processing signals at the outputs of elements of the antenna array of a promising cellular base station

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-87
Author(s):  
Alexander A. Bolkunov ◽  
Leonid A. Ovcharenko ◽  
Yuri G. Pasternak ◽  
Vladimir A. Pendyurin ◽  
Igor V. Popov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Array ◽  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Antenna System ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Radio Sources ◽  
Linear Antenna ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Receiving Antenna ◽  
Reception Mode

The results of research on the layout of the antenna array for a promising cellular base station in the frequency range 1,81,88 GHz, which includes a linear antenna array of 12 slotted elements with rectangular directors, the diagram forming scheme of which uses a modification of the Rotman lens, characterized in that for the sake of reducing its overall dimensions, the lens is folded in half the earth is located in the center, and on both sides of it-the halves of the lens body with exponential strip transformers. It is shown that to reduce the level of the side lobes of the antenna system in the reception mode, interpolation and extrapolation antenna arrays can be used. An extrapolation array can also be formed in order to increase the directional coefficient of the receiving antenna system and resolve radio sources that are not resolved by the real antenna array.

scholarly journals Implementation of UAV Communication Channel Using Airborne Wide-Band Low-Element Antenna Arrays

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
K. Korovin ◽  
S. Kuzmin
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Communication Channel ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Antenna System ◽  
Communication Link ◽  
Compact Antenna ◽  
Cylindrical Antenna ◽  
Vivaldi Antennas ◽  
Long Range Communication

In this paper, we consider the the possibility of constructing a long-range communication link using a broadband low-element cylindrical antenna array based on Vivaldi antennas in 10 GHz band. A comparative analysis of the choice of emitters, optimization of the system according to the ratio of the number of elements and gain, and the assessment of overall characteristics are carried out. It is shown that the use of low-element cylindrical array allows one to obtain a compact antenna system with a gain of 13–16 dB, which allows one to construct a long-range communication channel.

scholarly journals Comparing simulated results of folded and unfolded log-periodic antenna used for observing the Sun

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
Ли Ша ◽  
Li Sha ◽  
Йан Йихуа ◽  
Yan Yihua ◽  
Чень Чжицзюнь ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Array ◽  
Frequency Band ◽  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Return Loss ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
High Gain ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Wide Bandwidth ◽  
Impedance Characteristics ◽  
Log Periodic Antenna

There are two antenna arrays located in Mingantu Spectral Radio Heliograph (MUSER). MUSER-I and MUSER-II cover the frequency band ranging from 0.4 to 2 GHz and from 2 to 15 GHz respectively. A third antenna array covering 30–240 MHz will be established in the coming years. A log-periodic antenna is one of the choices for MUSER low frequency band; it radiates structures capable of maintaining consistent impedance characteristics over a wide bandwidth. Due to the ability of achieving high gain, it is widely used in many broadband applications. In this program, folded and unfolded log-periodic antennas are simulated for the Meridian project. In order to improve its return loss, this antenna is optimized with the width of each pole and the height of the substrate. This optimized process has been implemented in the simulated software HFSS.

scholarly journals Design of a Compact Dual-Band MIMO Antenna System with High-Diversity Gain Performance in Both Frequency Bands

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 383
Author(s):  
Wazie M. Abdulkawi ◽  
Waqar Ahmad Malik ◽  
Sajjad Ur Rehman ◽  
Abdul Aziz ◽  
Abdel Fattah A. Sheta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Channel Capacity ◽  
Frequency Band ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Antenna System ◽  
Dual Band ◽  
Frequency Bands ◽  
Mimo Antenna ◽  
Capacity Loss ◽  
Lower Frequency Band ◽  
Code Division Multiple

A compact four-element dual-band multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system is proposed to achieve high isolation and low channel capacity loss. The MIMO antenna was designed and optimized to cover the dual-frequency bands; the first frequency band is a wide band, and it covers the frequency range of 1550–2650 MHz, while the other frequency band covers the 3350–3650 MHz range. The measured wide-band impedance bandwidths of 1.1 GHz and 300 MHz were achieved in the lower and upper frequency bands, respectively. The proposed structure consists of four novel antenna elements, along with a plus-sign-shaped ground structure on an FR4 substrate. The overall electrical size of the whole dual-band MIMO antenna system is 0.3λ(W) × 0.3λ(L) × 0.008λ(H) for the lower frequency band. It achieved greater than 10 and 19 dB isolation in the lower and upper frequency bands, respectively. The antenna system accomplished an envelope correlation coefficient of |ρ|≤0.08 in the lower frequency band, while it achieved |ρ|≤0.02 in the higher frequency band. The computed channel capacity loss remained less than almost 0.4 bits/s/Hz in both frequency bands. Therefore, it achieved good performance in both frequency bands, with the additional advantage of a compact size. The proposed MIMO antenna is suitable for compact handheld devices and smartphones used for GSM (Global System for Mobiles), UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications Service), WCDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access), LTE (Long Term Evolution), 5G sub-6 GHz, PCS (Personal Communications Service), and WLAN (wireless local area network) applications.

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