ASSESSMENT OF THE ROAD NOISE IMPACT ON THE LIVING CONDITIONS IN URBAN AREAS

2021 ◽  
pp. 75-84
Author(s):  
Татьяна Ивановна Прожорина ◽  
Семен Александрович Куролап ◽  
Анастасия Сергеевна Боева
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Vehicle Noise ◽  
The Road ◽  
Traffic Lane ◽  
Steady Growth

В современных городах отмечается устойчивый рост автомобильного транспорта, что служит условием формирования акустического дискомфорта и причиной появления некоторых экологически обусловленных заболеваний у населения. Приведено описание методики натурных экспериментов по измерению уровня шума в городской среде в различных условиях. Проведена оценка уровня автотранспортного шума в зависимости от расстояния между первой полосой движения и жилой застройкой. Исследовано влияние шума на условия среды обитания в жилых помещениях при открытых и закрытых створках окон, а также в режиме проветривания в дневное и вечернее время суток. Установлена экспериментальная зависимость эквивалентного уровня автотранспортного шума от этажности жилых зданий. In modern cities there is a steady growth of road transport, which serves as a condition for formation of the acoustic discomfort that leads to the emergence of some environmentally caused diseases. The article describes the methodology of field experiments for measuring noise level in an urban environment under various conditions. The level of motor vehicle noise was assessed depending on the distance between the first traffic lane and residential buildings. The influence of noise on the living environment conditions in residential premises with open and closed windows, as well as in the mode of ventilation both in the day and evening time. As well we established the experimental dependence of the equivalent level of motor vehicle noise on the number of floors of residential buildings.

scholarly journals Prediction of Socio-Economic Indicators for Urban Planning Using VHR Satellite Imagery and Spatial Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gebhard Warth ◽  
Andreas Braun ◽  
Oliver Assmann ◽  
Kevin Fleckenstein ◽  
Volker Hochschild
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Dynamic Change ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Infrastructure Planning ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Steady Growth ◽  
Building Typology

Ongoing urbanization leads to steady growth of urban areas. In the case of highly dynamic change of municipalities, due to the rates of change, responsible administrations often are challenged or struggle with capturing present states of urban sites or accurately planning future urban development. An interest for urban planning lies on socio-economic conditions, as consumption and production of disposable goods are related to economic possibilities. Therefore, we developed an approach to generate relevant parameters for infrastructure planning by means of remote sensing and spatial analysis. In this study, the single building defines the spatial unit for the parameters. In the case city Belmopan (Belize), based on WorldView-1 data we manually define a city covering building dataset. Residential buildings are classified to eight building types which are locally adapted to Belmopan. A random forest (RF) classifier is trained with locally collected training data. Through household interviews focusing on household assets, income and educational level, a socio-economic point (SEP) scaling is defined, which correlates very well with the defined building typology. In order to assign socio-economic parameters to the single building, five socio-economic classes (SEC) are established based on SEP statistics for the building types. The RF building type classification resulted in high accuracies. Focusing on the three categories to describe residential socio-economic states allowed high correlations between the defined building and socio-economic points. Based on the SEP we projected a citywide residential socio-economic building classification to support supply and disposal infrastructure planning.

scholarly journals Tyre Weights an Overlooked Diffuse Source of Lead and Antimony to Road Runoff

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 6790
Author(s):  
Matthew Taylor ◽  
Niklas Kruger
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Road Runoff ◽  
Diffuse Source ◽  
The Road ◽  
Roadside Dust ◽  
On The Road

Lead (Pb) remains elevated in road runoff and roadside dust, which has been attributed to legacy lead in surface soils from leaded petrol. However, “lead” tyre weights, an alloy of 95% Pb and 5% Sb, may be a relatively unrecognised diffuse source of Pb and Sb as they are still used in many countries. An unknown number of these weights drop off tyre rims and deposit on the road where they are abraded and dispersed, potentially causing adverse environmental effects. The type, number and weight of tyre weights lost from motor vehicles were characterised for a range of roading infrastructures and motor vehicle intensities in a 38 month long study of a 6.9 km length of road in Hamilton City, New Zealand. Overall, 1070 tyre weights with a combined mass of 18.6 kg were collected. About 96.4% of the collected weights were made of “lead”, which is an alloy of 95% Pb and 5% Sb, indicating tyre weights can be a major source of Pb and Sb in urban areas. The tyre weight distribution on roads used in this study depended mainly on traffic density and the prevalence of “start stop” patterns in traffic flow influenced by roundabouts and intersections. “Lead” tyre weights should be phased out and replaced with environmentally benign materials.

HEAVY GOODS

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 184-190
Author(s):  
Peter Haxby
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Vehicle Body ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
The Road ◽  
Operational Activity ◽  
Middle Generation ◽  
Industry Training

The Road Transport Industry Training Board was the sixteenth to be established — a middle generation Board which, coming into being three years ago in September, 1968, has now about two years of operational activity behind it. The Board includes in its scope the Motor Vehicle Retail and Repair Industry (garages), the Road Hauliers (lorries) and the Passenger Industry (buses), together with Furniture Removal, Warehousing, Cold Storage and more recently Vehicle Body Repair, and the Agricultural Machinery Distributors and Repairers. This grouping of activities has resulted in a large Board, the 27 members of which are drawn equally from employers, the trade unions and education.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Diachronic Development of CO2 Emission Levels in Relation to Traffic Characteristics Along Major Road Axes During an Era of Recession: the Case of Greece

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 614-640
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
The Road ◽  
Automotive Market ◽  
Traffic Characteristics ◽  
Key Factor

The problem of reducing CO2 emissions from transport, a major contributor to the greenhouse effect, has become a growing concern for the scientific community and various international committees monitoring climate change. Energy savings in the transport sector are a key factor towards rational management of oil reserves, while new trends in the automotive market have already been established, supported by research on efficient and environmentally-friendly technologies and alternative fuels to face fossil fuel dependency. The road transport sector is an important part for most developed economies but also a major source of pollutant emissions. In this framework, this paper focuses on transport emissions along the main road axis in Greece, connecting the country’s two largest urban areas, during the years 2008-2014, a period of prolonged recession. Based on traffic data collected at the toll stations along the highway, greenhouse gas and pollutant emissions were calculated using the COPERT4 emission estimation tool. According to the results, a sharp fall in emissions is observed largely due to traffic volume reductions, but also due to a prevailing trend for larger displacement vehicles and technologically improved vehicles with better environmental standards.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF THE STUDY OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL SITUATION AROUND THE OBJECTS OF ROAD TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (50) ◽  
pp. 170-179
Author(s):  
Rabosh I ◽  
◽  
Khrutba V ◽  
Kobzysta O ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
The State ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Motor Transport ◽  
The Road ◽  
Environmental Situation ◽  
The Impact

In recent years, the state of the road transport infrastructure in Ukraine has deteriorated significantly. With the process of urbanization and the expansion of the transport infrastructure, the ecological danger of the functioning of these strategically important objects increases, which requires effective methods of detailed study of the state of environmental components in areas of urban pollution in order to prevent negative consequences. Working with the problematic, using robots, we analyzed the methods to monitor the environmental situation around the road transport infrastructure for the development of recommendations for advancing efficiency. An algorithm for assessing the environmental situation around the objects of motor transport infrastructure is considered, based on monitoring the impact of these objects on the components of the environment and determining the main factors of this influence. The regularities and dependences of the influence of the motor transport infrastructure from the standpoint of environmental safety have been established. The indicators of pollution of the components of the environment in the study areas and methods of their production are analyzed. It has been concluded that a complex combination of chemical research methods with biodication is observable, makes it possible to analyze the effect of vehicles on various components of the environment (atmospheric air, soil and soil solutions, plants, animals, surface waters, etc.) and to establish the level of anthropogenic load. KEY WORDS: MOTOR VEHICLE INFRASTRUCTURE, ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY, HARMFUL SUBSTANCES, POLLUTION

scholarly journals Management of road transport-induced air pollution in urban areas: A case study of Owerri, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 030-044
Author(s):  
Onyeka JO ◽  
Obi LE ◽  
Igiri VC
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
The Road ◽  
Push And Pull

Environmental concerns have continued to be on the increase as human activities soar. One such environmental concern is air pollution. A major contributor to air pollution is the road transportation activities. This paper sets out to provide a management strategy for air pollution owing to road transportation in urban areas, with Owerri Nigeria as a case study. A field study was conducted in Owerri to ascertain the total passenger requirement, number and mix of passenger vehicles as well as measure three main road transport-induced air pollutants at five locations in the city. The result of the field work showed existing commuter vehicles mix of 56.2:63.7: 19.6:1.6:1 of salons, wagons, mini-buses, coaster buses and big buses respectively, of a total of 85,950 vehicles and air ambient pollutants level higher than the recommended standards. A new model was developed to achieve a remix of 10:33:53: 14:1 of same vehicle types and reduction in traffic volume and target air pollutants. The analyses show that mini-buses and coaster buses have advantage over salon cars, wagon vehicles and big buses in terms of traffic congestions and pollutants release into the environment. The two bus types could be said to have least pollutants release per passenger carried. An optimal vehicle remix, which gives higher priority to these buses have been shown to reduce congestion by 40%, Carbon monoxide by 40%, Nitrogen Dioxide by 50% and Methane by 50%. It therefore recommends that vehicular remix of 10:33:53: 14:1, for salon: wagon: mini-buses: coaster buses: big buses be adopted for Owerri commuters’ transportation need. It concludes that governments should adopt economic instruments embedded in a “push and pull” strategy, leveraging on disincentive and incentive measures to skew road transportation to the use of mini and coaster buses as a deliberate means of reducing air pollution in cities.

scholarly journals Dispersion Characteristics of PM10 Particles Identified by Numerical Simulation in the Vicinity of Roads Passing through Various Types of Urban Areas

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiri Pospisil ◽  
Jiri Huzlik ◽  
Roman Licbinsky ◽  
Michal Spilacek
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Mass Concentration ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Control Volume ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
The Road ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
The Impact

The dispersion of particulate matter emitted by road transport to the vicinity of roads is predominantly influenced by the character of the air velocity field. The air flow depends on factors such as the speed and direction of the blowing wind, the movement of cars, and the geometries of the buildings around a road. Numerical modeling based on the control volume method was used in this study to describe the relevant processes closely. Detailed air velocity fields were identified in the vicinity of a straight road surrounded by various patterns of built-up urban land. The evaluation of the results was generalized to exponential expressions, affecting the decrease of the mass concentration of fine particles with the increasing distance from the road. The obtained characteristics of the mass concentration fields express the impact of the building geometries and configurations on the dispersion of particulate matter into the environment. These characteristics are presented for two wind speeds, namely, 2 m·s−1 and 4 m·s−1. Furthermore, the characteristics are introduced in relation to three wind directions: perpendicularly, obliquely, and in parallel to the road. The results of the numerical simulations are compared with those obtained via the in-situ measurements, for verification of the validity of the linear emission source calculation.

scholarly journals Environmental monitoring and urban phytodesign in ensuring the radioecological safety of urban buildings

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 06001
Author(s):  
Alena Gorodnichaya ◽  
Alexandr Melchenko
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Monitoring ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Prunus Cerasifera ◽  
Urban Buildings ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Generative Organs ◽  
Plant Forms

The purpose of this paper is to study the migration and accumulation of 90Sr in vegetative and generative organs of plants: golden currant (Ribes aureum) and cherry plum (Prunus cerasifera Ehrh). Research objectives: 1) 90SrCl2 is artificially deposited on the soil, precipitation imitation (field experiments); 2) planting plants: Prunus cerasifera Ehrh and Ribes aureum to the soil artificially contaminated with 90SrCl2; 3) cultivation and monitoring of the studied plants in the soil artificially contaminated with 90SrCl2. The contamination level of the experimental area was 500 MBq/m2. The possibilities of tree and shrub plant forms (Prunus cerasifera Ehrh; Ribes aureum) to accumulate 90Sr in their vegetative and generative organs were studied. The activity of the beta-emitting radionuclide in the counting samples was measured using the “Progress” software on the Multi-purpose spectrometric complex “Gamma Plus” device (beta path). As a result of research, the accumulation of radionuclides in both studied plants was found. In 2016, the difference in the content of 90Sr between cherry plum and golden currant in bark, wood, leaves, and fruits was 1.6, 1.5, 1.8, and 2.0 times, respectively. Experimental data can be used in the environmental monitoring of the radiation situation in urban areas of the territories allocated for the construction of public, residential buildings and structures, to be the basis for further advanced research in the designated area.

scholarly journals ENGINEERING SOLUTIONS OF TRAFFIC SAFETY PROBLEMS OF ROAD TRANSPORT

Transport ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marijonas Bogdevičius ◽  
Olegas Prentkovskis ◽  
Oleg Vladimirov
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Brake System ◽  
The Road ◽  
Movement Trajectories ◽  
Hydraulic Brake ◽  
Road Section ◽  
Vehicle Movement

The authors of this paper focus on the simulation of the motor vehicle movement (taking into consideration motor vehicle dynamics, motor vehicle hydraulic brake system influence on motor vehicle movement, interaction between its wheels with road pavements, road guardrail characteristics, interaction between motor vehicle and road guardrail) on a certain road section and propose their specific solution of this problem. The presented results, illustrating the motor vehicle movement trajectories (motor vehicle braking and interaction between motor vehicle and road guardrail at various initial conditions and at various certain pavement surface of the road section under investigation) and work of a motor vehicle hydraulic brake system. Taking into consideration the presented general mathematical model and computer aided test results it is possible to investigate various road transport traffic situations as well as to investigate various transport traffic safety problems.

Spatio-Temporal Analysis of AWs in Akure, Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
pp. 1650025
Author(s):  
Godwin Gbenga OLONIYO ◽  
Joseph Omoniyi BASORUN
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Spare Part ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
The Road ◽  
Private Organizations ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Government ◽  
On The Road

Urbanization is on the increase globally, due to the movement of people from rural to urban areas. The rapid increase in urban population has led to the corresponding increase in the use of vehicles and number of automobile workshops (AWs) in Akure. The study area is made up of four political wards with 511 registered mechanics of which 20% are randomly selected for data collection. Kruskal-Wallis statistical tool is used in data analysis. Findings reveal that a majority of the AWs are located on the road setbacks and under power line within the residential neighbourhoods while the existence of automobile spare part shops is the major factor driving their concentration. A significant variation in the spatial distribution of AWs in the political wards of the study area is also discovered. This paper, therefore, recommends establishing a partnership between the government and private organizations on the development of mechanic villages and the enactment of laws restraining automobile mechanics from performing their services out of the confines, so as to ensure a pleasant living environment for residents.

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