scholarly journals EXTENT OF PARTICIPATION OF RURAL WOMEN IN FISHING COMMUNITY: APPROACHES TOWARD SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOOD

Author(s):  
Fedelyn S. Ibarra

Women’s contribution to small-scale fishing community is often unrecognized and the real benefits from their involvement in activities are not objectively assessed. This qualitative research study focuses on the women’s participation in fishing community in Aklan. The findings revealed that in most fishing activities, women’s role is significant. Women’s participation in fishing includes: net mending, sorting fish, fish vending, trading and market retailing and processing and preservation. Women also have been found directly involved in preparing cage and maintenance, procuring good quality seed, and stocking. Some women are also found to be selling fish on their own, and most vend by the public market and streets. Fishing is an occupation dominated by men because of the image that only men go to sea in their fishing boats. In most cases, women in fishing communities are not allowed to go with the fishing vessels, but this prohibition is tied mostly to the need for them to remain within the premises of the household so they can attend to their designated responsibilities in the home. Due to this, they have little direct involvement in fish capture. However they are involved in shell and fry gathering/gleaning, spear fishing in rivers, reef fishing using scoop nets, traps and fish baskets, all of which tend to be near-shore activities. Women’s participants’ family income has increased which is mostly used for food, health, and education as a very important positive aspect of change. Women’s participation in fishing community, according to the findings, ensures certain extent of social and economic empowerment in the rural societies. However, they expressed that they would like to sustain through bank and NGO loan, local moneylender and petty cash personal savings. KEY WORDS: Fishing Community, Income, Participation, Rural Women, Sustainable Livelihood

1992 ◽  
Vol 28 (109) ◽  
pp. 63-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet K. TeBrake

Between 1879 and 1882 a mass agrarian movement, led by the Irish National Land League, became a strong, all-encompassing force in Irish life for a brief but crucial period. This movement, one of the largest agrarian movements to take place in nineteenth-century Europe, has been treated as a nationalist movement, with emphasis of study placed on the role, contributions and aims of the league’s national leaders. These men, seeking their own varieties of self-government, saw the land movement as means to a political end. To them the land agitation provided a stepping-stone to national independence. It was the Irish peasantry, however, motivated primarily by economic considerations, that provided the driving force behind the movement, and at this level Irish peasant women made major contributions to the agrarian revolt. In this study the Land League movement is viewed as an agrarian protest movement; its purpose is to examine in particular the roles played by the Irish peasant women during the Land League period.These contributions have not been adequately recognised in historical literature. Recently the role of the Irish peasant has been duly acknowledged, but in these discussions a male image usually appears. When the Irish women’s role in the land movement is examined, it is done so in the context of the organisation known as the Ladies’ Land League. These studies concentrate on the activities of the upper- and middle-class urban leaders, particularly the Parnell sisters. But to dwell only on the Ladies’ Land League as the focus of women’s participation in the Land League movement is far too narrow, for it obscures the fact that hundreds of peasant women were fighting the Land War on a daily basis long before the formation of the women’s organisation. The papers of some of the local branches of the Land League provide evidence which shows that Irish rural women participated in the Land War from its beginning. Although the archival sources of the Land League period are biased towards men, enough material regarding the peasant women’s activities, admittedly limited and somewhat sparse, does exist to allow a strong argument to be put forward that peasant women performed effectively in the Land War.


2012 ◽  
pp. 203-224
Author(s):  
Rubia Elza Martins De Sousa ◽  
Maria das Graças Silva Nascimento Silva

Diante das mudanças ocorridas, busca-se uma nova configuração do espaço rural, procurando diversificar os produtos e as atividades agrícolas e não-agrícolas, visto que ambas se configuram capazes de promover a inserção dos produtores rurais nas atividades desenvolvidas. Entretanto surge a necessidade de buscar alternativas para complementação da renda, uma vez que a baixa produtividade e a falta de organização faz a produção insuficiente para manter as famílias no campo. É neste contexto que surgem as atividades pluriativas, com o objetivo de dar suporte financeiro às famílias, no que tange a ser um elemento suplementar a renda familiar, gerando assim a melhoria da qualidade de vida e fixando essas famílias no campo. Neste sentido nota-se a importância de analisar o papel das mulheres frente ao desenvolvimento de atividades pluriativas no campo, pois atualmente percebe-se uma modificação do papel feminino dentro do contexto familiar rural, visto que essas eram percebidas apenas com papel reprodutivo, papel esse que era desempenhado apenas no âmbito doméstico e que se relaciona em síntese aos afazeres domésticos e ao cuidado com os filhos, enquanto que aos homens cabe o papel produtivo por estarem diretamente ligados ao desenvolvimento da agricultura e pecuária, atividades estas que geram renda monetária; mas atualmente esse fato tem sofrido modificações, pois as mulheres rurais estão cada vez mais inseridas no mercado de trabalho por meio do desenvolvimento de atividades pluriativas, sendo assim é gerada renda complementar a família através do trabalho feminino, de forma que a mulher passa a ter além do papel reprodutivo o papel produtivo pelo fato de gerar renda por meio de seu desempenho no desenvolvimento de atividades de cunho não-agrícola. Woman: a Breach of the Paradigm of Reproductive FunctionAbstractBefore the occurred changes it is sought a new configuration in the countryside, seeking to diversify the products and agricultural and non-agricultural activities, since both are configured able to promote the inclusion of farmers in their work. In this context of changes, arise pluriactivities seeking financial support to families, with respect to be a supplemental element in family income, thus creating a better quality of life and setting these families in the countryside. In this regard it is noted the importance of analyzing the women’s role front the development of pluriactivities in the field, because today it is seen a change in the women’s role in the rural family context. Women were seen only with reproductive role, and this role was played only in the domestic ambit and it is related in synthesis  to housework and child care, while for men it is the productive role because they are directly linked to the development of agriculture and cattle raising, activities that are generating cash income. This paper seeks to investigate the paradigm break of the women’s reproductive function from development of pluriactivities. For this it was used the literature as a methodological procedure, so that the authors based on books, scientific articles and governmental documents. It has been found through research that rural women are increasingly entering in the labor market through the development of pluriactivities, so additional income is generated to the family by women's work, so that the woman beyond having the reproductive role has the productive too, by the fact that it generates income through its performance in the development of non-agricultural activities. Mujer: La Quiebra del Paradigma de la Función ReproductivaResumenDelante de los cambios ocurridos, se busca una nueva configuración del espacio rural, buscando diversificar los productos y las actividades agrícolas y no-agrícolas, visto que ambas se configuran capaces de promover la inserción de los productores rurales en las actividades desarrolladas. En este contexto de cambios surgen las actividades pluriactivas buscando dar soporte financiero a las familias, en lo que se relaciona con ser un elemento suplementar a la renta familiar, generando así la mejoría de la calidad de vida y fijando a esas familias en el campo. En este sentido se nota la importancia de analizar el papel de las mujeres frente al desarrollo de actividades pluriactivas en el campo, pues actualmente se percibe una modificación del papel femenino dentro del contexto familiar rural. Las mujeres eran percibidas apenas con el papel reproductivo, papel que era desempeñado solamente en el ámbito doméstico y que se relaciona en síntesis a los quehaceres domésticos y al cuidado de los hijos, mientras a los hombres les cabe el papel productivo por estar directamente ligados al desarrollo de la agricultura y pecuaria, actividades que generan renta monetaria. Este artículo busca investigar la quiebra del paradigma de la función reproductiva de la mujer a partir del desarrollo de actividades de tipo pluriactivas. Para eso fue utilizada la investigación bibliográfica como procedimiento metodológico, de forma que las autoras se basaron en libros, artículos científicos, así como documentos gubernamentales. Fue constatado con la investigación que las mujeres rurales están cada vez más insertadas en el mercado del trabajo por medio del desarrollo de actividades pluriactivas, siendo así es generada renta complementaria a la familia a través del trabajo femenino, de forma que la mujer pasa a tener además del papel reproductivo el papel productivo por el hecho de generar renta por medio de su desempeño en el desarrollo de actividades de tipo no-agrícola.DOI: 10.7147/GEO10.1694


Author(s):  
Nahida Yasmin Nishi ◽  
Md. Matiul Islam ◽  
Mohammad Bashir Ahmed

The study assessed the participation of rural women in organic farming and explored the relationship between selected characteristics of the rural women and their extent of participation in organic farming. This investigation was a survey type of research involving descriptive and diagnostic type of research design. The study was conducted at seven unions of Batiaghata Upazila under Khulna district of Bangladesh namely Amirpur, Gangarampur, Jalma, Batiaghata, Baliadanga, Bhanderkote and Surkhali. Data were collected from randomly selected 140 respondents during the period of 20th January to 15th February, 2019. Correlation(s) test was used to ascertain the relationships between the concerned independent variables and the dependent variable and simple linear regression was done to determine the effect of the selected five independent variables (agricultural training, knowledge, attitude, practice and problem) on participation. Majority (52.1%) of the women had medium participation followed by high (44.3%) and low (3.6%) participation. Considering broadly selected 7-aspects of organic farming, the rural women’s participation was highest in land management while it was lowest in marketing the product. Among 24 issues women were found to be greatly involved in collection of organic product from their own residence while it was least in case of collection of organic product from farm. Agricultural training, knowledge, attitude and practice showed positive significant relationship out of fifteen selected characteristics of rural women and only problem showed negative significant relationship with their participation in organic farming. In case of simple linear regression 7%, 14.44%, 18.85%, 18.96% and 8.69% of the participation can be explained by the variables as agricultural training, knowledge, attitude, practice and problem respectively. It can be concluded that women participation was confined only in small scale crop production and there is a need for further enhancement of the extent of participation of rural women in organic farming.


10.5219/1484 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 585-591
Author(s):  
Zuzana Kapsdorferová ◽  
Silvia Jacková ◽  
Petronela Švikruhová

The economic empowerment of rural women in the recent development of agriculture through entrepreneurship is considered an important challenge. Rural women often manage complex households and pursue multiple livelihood strategies. Their activities typically include cultivation of crops, farming animals, processing and preparing food, working for wages in agricultural or other rural enterprises, collecting fuel and water, engaging in trade and marketing, caring for family members, and maintaining their homes. The research aimed to collect up-to-date data on Slovak rural women dealing with business in the field of agriculture, women's role and status in society in rural areas, on the farm, women's participation in education, training, and agricultural services. The main focus is dedicated to their share on the management of agricultural entities, land cultivation, employment of rural women and men, and their deal on the selected entrepreneurial activities of Slovak agriculture. Women doing business in agriculture dispose of with considerable knowledge and experience in the agricultural and food sectors. The realized research showed that the scale of farms managed by women is 325 hectares. Rural women in the surveyed group are taking care of about 2.5% of the total area of agricultural land in Slovakia and they are employing 2.40% of the working forces in the agricultural sector in Slovakia. According to our survey, rural women are under-represented in managerial and ownership positions of agricultural entities. 


2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 79-102
Author(s):  
NR Sarker ◽  
F Tabassum D Yeasmin ◽  
MA Habib ◽  
MR Amin

This study was undertaken to develop a year round fodder production model for small scale dairy farmers. Five pregnant dairy cows of Red Chittagong Cattle (RCC) genotype were selected. For rearing five cows, 66 decimal of land was selected from existing fodder plots under Pachutia Research Farm at Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI), Savar, Dhaka. The selected land was divided into two parts (33 decimal in each). One part was brought under perennial (Napier-4 and Splendida) and the 2nd part of land for seasonal (Maize & Matikalai) fodder production. Data on live weight and live weight gain of cows, birth weight of calves, feed intake, milk production, actual biomass yield for both perennial and seasonal fodder, yearly manure production were recorded and calculated. Napier-4 grass, splendida, maize, straw, silage were supplied to the experimental cows according to the seasonal availability in different months. Concentrate mixture were also supplied consisting of wheat bran, kheshari (red gram), soybean meal, maize crushed, til oil cake, DCP and common salt. Economics of the model revealed that considering the sale of milk, calves and manure and cost included only feed and land leased, a farm/family rearing 5 indigenous dairy cows with his/her family labours, he/she could earn around BDT 98 thousand in a year (1$ = 85 BDT) and the benefit cost ratio of the model on total variable cost and total cost were 1.86 and 1.66, respectively. Therefore, it may be recommended that a farmer having 5 adult dairy cows with 66 decimal land under fodder cultivation may earn substantial share of his/her family income as small-scale rural dairying. Bang. J. Livs. Res. Vol. 26 (1&2), 2019: P. 89-102


Author(s):  
Sarah A. Ebel ◽  
Christine M. Beitl ◽  
Michael P. Torre

Environmental change requires individuals and institutions to facilitate adaptive governance. However, facilitating adaptive governance may be difficult because resource users’ perceptions of desirable ways of life vary. These perceptions influence preferences related to environmental governance and may stem from the ways individuals subjectively value their work and their connections to their environment. This paper uses a value-based approach to examine individual and institutional preferences for adaptive governance in Carelmapu, Chile. We show that two groups had different value frames rooted in divergent ontologies which influenced their actions related to adaptive governance, creating conflict.


2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 2026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stella Sofia I. Kyvelou ◽  
Dimitrios G. Ierapetritis

Small-scale fisheries in the Mediterranean represent a significant part of the fisheries industry and their substantial social, economic and place attachment related role has always been acknowledged in the region. Despite the fact that this usually family-based endeavor has a vast economic impact on coastal and island communities of the sea-basin, data and insights on the Mediterranean artisanal fisheries continue to be inadequately developed and poorly integrated in the local development strategies. Thus, the aim of this research is two-fold. Firstly, it presents some data and facts on the fisheries sector in the region and secondly it explores the options of their survival, prosperity and sustainability, approaching the combination of fisheries and tourism as a small-scale and soft “multi-use” in the marine space. Greece, with a huge potential in both the fisheries and the tourism sector, was used as focus area where a co-development process was designed aiming to identify advantages/potentials and challenges/disadvantages of the co-existence of artisanal fisheries and tourism, as perceived by a series of stakeholders including the co-management schemes (Fisheries Local Action Groups, FLAGs) in the country. Key conclusion is that sustainable livelihood from small-scale fisheries depends on the correlation between fisheries and other marine activities. Despite some limitations, this can boost sustainable local development and be a unique pattern of a “win-win” and soft multi-use marine spatial planning (MSP), with economic, environmental, social, cultural and governance related benefits for the coastal communities.


2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-50
Author(s):  
Nicola J. Bidwell

Shared use of small-scale natural commons is vital to the livelihoods of billions of rural inhabitants, particularly women, and advocates propose that local telecommunications systems that are oriented by the commons can close rural connectivity gaps. This article extends insights about women's exclusion from such Community Networks (CNs) by considering ‘commoning’, or practices that produce, reproduce and use the commons and create communality. I generated data in interviews and observations of rural CNs in seven countries in the Global South and in multi-sited ethnography of international advocacy for CNs. Male biases in technoculture and rural governance limit women's participation in CNs, and women adopt different approaches to performing their communal identity while using technology. This situation contributes to detaching CNs from relations that are produced in women's commoning. It also illustrates processes that co-opt the commons in rural technology endeavours and the diverse ways commoners express their subjectivities in response.


2021 ◽  
Vol 238 ◽  
pp. 105896
Author(s):  
Timothy H. Frawley ◽  
Hannah E. Blondin ◽  
Timothy D. White ◽  
Rachel R. Carlson ◽  
Brianna Villalon ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
pp. 152483802199598
Author(s):  
Daniel Felipe Martín Suárez-Baquero ◽  
Martha Patricia Bejarano-Beltrán ◽  
Jane Dimmitt Champion

Women have been the major victims of the Colombian armed conflict for more than 50 years. Nowadays, when the country faces an aftermath focused on reconciliation, understanding women’s experiences during the conflict is key to providing them tools for social justice and effective fulfilling of their needs. This qualitative synthesis of literature includes publications in Spanish and English of electronic databases over the past 20 years regarding rural women and the Colombian armed conflict. Studies were included for review if they were published between 2000 and 2019, were qualitative peer-reviewed articles, and addressed directly or indirectly the pregnancy process as well as the women’s sexual and reproductive health in rural Colombia. Seven of 169 articles initially identified were included for an inductive analysis of categories and themes. After the analysis process, three main themes emerged from the literature: (a) crumbling families, (b) being a woman: the challenges between being a peacemaker and a victim, and (c) protecting and caring of life. These three themes comprise 10 categories and 20 subcategories that provide support to the inductive qualitative synthesis. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of the Colombian armed conflict focused on the victimization of women. It concludes with reflections about the Colombian women’s role in transitioning toward peace.


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