scholarly journals BIOECOLOGICAL DEVELOPING PECULIARITIES OF MELON FLY AND CONTROLLING ACTIONS

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-74
Author(s):  
Toreniyazov Elmurat Sherniyazovich ◽  
Yusupov Rysnazar Orazbaevich ◽  
Eshmuratov Elbrus Gaybullaevich
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Treatment Efficacy ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Melon Fly ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Ecological Features ◽  
Controlling Actions ◽  
The Impact

The article describes the development of biological and ecological features and harmfulness of melon fly on crops of melons in conditions of Karakalpakstan. It is studied the efficiency of the deep autumn plowing of soil against overwintering pests, special traps to kill the larvae and pupae, chemical treatments against the imaginal phase melon fly on crops of melon. The impact on the conservation of wild melon pest overwintered individuals. Recommended optimal protective measures in extreme conditions of Karakalpakstan. KEYWORDS. Melon fly, melon, pest, biological, chemical treatment efficacy.

Efficacy of Chemical Treatments in Eliminating Salmonella and Escherichia coli O157:H7 on Scarified and Polished Alfalfa Seeds

2001 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 1489-1495 ◽  
Author(s):  
SARAH L. HOLLIDAY ◽  
ALAN J. SCOUTEN ◽  
LARRY R. BEUCHAT
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Mechanical Abrasion ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Alfalfa Seeds

Alfalfa seeds are sometimes subjected to a scarification treatment to enhance water uptake, which results in more rapid and uniform germination during sprout production. It has been hypothesized that this mechanical abrasion treatment diminishes the efficacy of chemical treatments used to kill or remove pathogenic bacteria from seeds. A study was done to compare the effectiveness of chlorine (20,000 ppm), H2O2 (8%), Ca(OH)2 (1%), Ca(OH)2 (1%) plus Tween 80 (1%), and Ca(OH)2 (1%) plus Span 20 (1%) treatments in killing Salmonella and Escherichia coli O157:H7 inoculated onto control, scarified, and polished alfalfa seeds obtained from two suppliers. The influence of the presence of organic material in the inoculum carrier on the efficacy of sanitizers was investigated. Overall, treatment with 1% Ca(OH)2 was the most effective in reducing populations of the pathogens. Reduction in populations of pathogens on seeds obtained from supplier 1 indicate that chemical treatments are less efficacious in eliminating the pathogens on scarified seeds compared to control seeds. However, the effectiveness of chemical treatment in removing Salmonella and E. coli O157:H7 from seeds obtained from supplier 2 was not markedly affected by scarification or polishing. The presence of organic material in the inoculum carrier did not have a marked influence on the efficacy of chemicals in reducing populations of test pathogens. Additional lots of control, scarified, and polished alfalfa seeds of additional varieties need to be tested before conclusions can be drawn concerning the impact of mechanical abrasion on the efficacy of chemical treatment in removing or killing Salmonella and E. coli O157:H7.

scholarly journals Surface charge modulation of rifampicin-loaded PLA nanoparticles to improve antibiotic delivery in Staphylococcus aureus biofilms

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Da Costa ◽  
Chloé Exbrayat-Héritier ◽  
Basile Rambaud ◽  
Simon Megy ◽  
Raphaël Terreux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Surface Charge ◽  
Treatment Efficacy ◽  
Particle Migration ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positively Charged ◽  
Antibiotic Delivery

Abstract Background After the golden age of antibiotic discovery, bacterial infections still represent a major challenge for public health worldwide. The biofilm mode of growth is mostly responsible for chronic infections that current therapeutics fail to cure and it is well-established that novel strategies must be investigated. Particulate drug delivery systems are considered as a promising strategy to face issues related to antibiotic treatments in a biofilm context. Particularly, poly-lactic acid (PLA) nanoparticles present a great interest due to their ability to migrate into biofilms thanks to their submicronic size. However, questions still remain unresolved about their mode of action in biofilms depending on their surface properties. In the current study, we have investigated the impact of their surface charge, firstly on their behavior within a bacterial biofilm, and secondly on the antibiotic delivery and the treatment efficacy. Results Rifampicin-loaded PLA nanoparticles were synthetized by nanoprecipitation and characterized. A high and superficial loading of rifampicin, confirmed by an in silico simulation, enabled to deliver effective antibiotic doses with a two-phase release, appropriate for biofilm-associated treatments. These nanoparticles were functionalized with poly-l-lysine, a cationic peptide, by surface coating inducing charge reversal without altering the other physicochemical properties of these particles. Positively charged nanoparticles were able to interact stronger than negative ones with Staphylococcus aureus, under planktonic and biofilm modes of growth, leading to a slowed particle migration in the biofilm thickness and to an improved retention of these cationic particles in biofilms. While rifampicin was totally ineffective in biofilms after washing, the increased retention capacity of poly-l-lysine-coated rifampicin-loaded PLA nanoparticles has been associated with a better antibiotic efficacy than uncoated negatively charged ones. Conclusions Correlating the carrier retention capacity in biofilms with the treatment efficacy, positively charged rifampicin-loaded PLA nanoparticles are therefore proposed as an adapted and promising approach to improve antibiotic delivery in S. aureus biofilms.

scholarly journals A retrospective study of a pre-travel consultation in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area, Portugal

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Galhano Lopes ◽  
M Bragança Pereira ◽  
M Machado Gil ◽  
S Duarte ◽  
A Moreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Yellow Fever Vaccine ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
The Public ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Medical Referral ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Travel from Portugal to other countries has increased in the past 5 years. A pre-travel health consultation is advised to all travellers to raise awareness and reduce travel-related risk. We describe the experience of a pre-travel consultation centre in the public health service. Methods A retrospective observational study about consultations in an international vaccination centre between 2014-2018. Variables included were: sex, age, destination, purpose, referral, and prescriptions. Descriptive analyses were performed for all variables. Results Between 2014 and 2018, there were 1,546 consultations. Regarding individual characteristics, 54% were female, and 80% had between 15 and 64 years of age. There was no referral in 66% of the consultations, followed by 16% from general practitioners in the Primary Care Centres Group. The leading destination was Africa (54%), in a downward trend (74% in 2015 and 32% in 2018) followed by Asia (18%) with an upward trend (12% to 28% in the same period). The primary purpose was tourism (83%), followed by work (9%). In total, 3,287 vaccines were prescribed with typhoid fever vaccine accounting for 26%, hepatitis A vaccine 22%, and yellow fever vaccine 15%. Mefloquine was the primary therapeutic drug prescribed for destinations with risk for malaria (41%). Regarding destinations with low risk for malaria, in 42% of the consultations, personal protective measures were the only recommendation. Conclusions Our data show that pre-travel consultations seem to be valued and actively asked for by travellers, but medical referral is still insufficient. Regarding health promotion and prevention of diseases, tracking trends in the most common destinations allows to optimize the information provided in the consultation, effectively capacitating the traveller to recognize and act on the most common travel-related health risks. In further studies, a post-travel follow-up should be carried out to determine the impact of the consultation. Key messages Pre-travel consultation is an actively sought-after service by the community, but awareness should be promoted in the medical community. Pre-travel consultation can have an important role in the health literacy of travellers.

Biogeochemical and ecological features of sinking particulate matter in the deep Ionian Sea (E. Mediterranean) during a 10-year time series study: impacts of atmospheric and oceanographic variabilities on carbon production and sequestration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Gogou ◽  
Constantine Parinos ◽  
Spyros Stavrakakis ◽  
Emmanouil Proestakis ◽  
Maria Kanakidou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Atmospheric Deposition ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Particulate Organic Carbon ◽  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Ionian Sea ◽  
Ecological Features ◽  
The Impact

<p>Biotic and abiotic processes that form, alter, transport, and remineralize particulate organic carbon, silicon, calcium carbonate, and other minor and trace chemical species in the water column are central to the ocean’s ecological and biogeochemical functioning and of fundamental importance to the ocean carbon cycle. Sinking particulate matter is the major vehicle for exporting carbon from the sea surface to the deep sea. During its transit towards the sea floor, most particulate organic carbon (POC) is returned to inorganic form and redistributed in the water column. This redistribution determines the surface concentration of dissolved CO<sub>2</sub>, and hence the rate at which the ocean can absorb CO<sub>2</sub> from the atmosphere. The ability to predict quantitatively the depth profile of remineralization is therefore critical to deciphering the response of the global carbon cycle to natural and human-induced changes.</p><p>Aiming to investigate the significant biogeochemical and ecological features and provide new insights on the sources and cycles of sinking particulate matter, a mooring line of five sediment traps was deployed from 2006 to 2015 (with some gap periods) at 5 successive water column depths (700, 1200, 2000, 3200 and 4300 m) in the SE Ionian Sea, northeastern Mediterranean (‘NESTOR’ site). We have examined the long-term records of downward fluxes for Corg, N<sub>tot</sub>, δ<sup>13</sup>Corg and δ<sup>15</sup>N<sub>tot</sub>, along with the associated ballast minerals (opal, lithogenics and CaCO<sub>3</sub>), lipid biomarkers, Chl-a and PP rates, phytoplankton composition, nutrient dynamics and atmospheric deposition.  </p><p>The satellite-derived seasonal and interannual variability of phytoplankton metrics (biomass and phenology) and atmospheric deposition (meteorology and air masses origin) was examined for the period of the sediment trap experiment. Regarding the atmospheric deposition, synergistic opportunities using Earth Observation satellite lidar and radiometer systems are proposed (e.g. Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization - CALIOP, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer - MODIS), aiming towards a four‐dimensional exploitation of atmospheric aerosol loading (e.g. Dust Optical Depth) in the study area.</p><p>Our main goals are to: i) develop a comprehensive knowledge of carbon fluxes and associated mineral ballast fluxes from the epipelagic to the mesopelagic and bathypelagic layers, ii) elucidate the mechanisms governing marine productivity and carbon export and sequestration to depth and iii) shed light on the impact of atmospheric forcing and deposition in respect to regional and large scale circulation patterns and climate variability and the prevailing oceanographic processes (internal variability).</p><p>Acknowledgments</p><p>We acknowledge support of this work by the Action ‘National Network on Climate Change and its Impacts – <strong>CLIMPACT</strong>’, funded by the Public Investment Program of Greece (GSRT, Ministry of Development and Investments).</p>

scholarly journals Clinical significance of prostatic-urethral angulation on the treatment outcome of patients with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia treated with tamsulosin hydrochloride

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 238
Author(s):  
Hassan El-Tatawy ◽  
Tarek Gameel ◽  
Mohammed Abo El-enen ◽  
Ayman Hagras ◽  
Ayman Mousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Treatment Efficacy ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Final Conclusion ◽  
P Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Impact

Objectives: To evaluate the impact of the prostatic-urethral angulation (PUA) on the treatment efficacy of selective alpha-1A receptor blocker in male patients with lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia (LUTS/BPH). Materials and methods: A total of 80 patients with LUTS/BPH and with mean age 53.3 ± 6.3 (range 47-70) were included in our prospective comparative study. The patients were classified into 2 groups as a consecutive cases 40 in each one depending on the PUA either ≤ 35° (group A) or &gt; 35° (group B). PUA and different prostatic parameters were measured using transrectal ultrasound. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA), the International Prostate Symptom Score and quality of life score (IPSS/QoL score), maximum flow rate (Q<sub>max</sub>), and postvoid residual (PVR) volume were compared between the groups. The clinical significance of PUA was evaluated after 8 weeks of medical treatment with tamsulosin hydrochloride 0.4 mg daily. Results: Baseline evaluation (pre-treatment) for both groups were comparable to each other with no clinically significant difference regarding age, PSA, IPSS/QoL score, Qmax and PVR volume (P-value &gt; 0.05). Comparison of parameters after 8 weeks showed that tamsulosin hydrochloride improved the total IPSS and all subscores (P &lt; 0.001), QoL (P = 0.001), Q<sub>max</sub> (P = 0.002), and PVR (P = 0.04) in group A (Table 1). Conclusion: Tamsulosin hydrochloride appears to be less effective in improving IPSS/Qol score, Qmax and PVR in patients with lager PUA. The PUA might be a predictor for the treatment efficacy of α-blockers and more studies are warranted in the future before the final conclusion.

Timing of Aldicarb Applications to Control Meloidogyne arenaria in Peanut1

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Rich ◽  
D. W. Gorbet
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Meloidogyne Arenaria ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Chemical Treatments

Abstract Four fieldtrialswere conductedin northwest Florida to determine the efficacyofaldicarb appliedat varyingtime intervals after planting on peanut (Arachis hypogaea) to manage the peanut root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne arenaria. Initial treatments with aldicarb (Temik 15G), fenamiphos (Nemacur 15G), and phorate (Thimet 15G) were made at planting of peanut cv. Southern Runner. The chemicals were applied as 20-cm-wide bands over the open seed furrow using a tractor-mounted Gandy applicator. Post-plant treatments were made with a Gandy applicator at time intervals from 28 to 104 dafter planting as 36-cm-wide bands over the row centers. Post-harvest M. arenaria population densities were affected little by any chemical treatment compared to the control. The efficacy of the chemical treatments was variable and averaged onlya 295-kglha yield increase for the single at-plant applications of aldicarb compared to the control. Allat-plant + post-plant aldicarb treatments increased yield over the control by an average of712 kg¡ ha. Results from these trials did not establish a single optimal time for post-plant application of aldicarb on peanut. Data from these tests, however, indicated that a post-plant aldicarb treatment can be applied latter than previously recommended in Florida.

scholarly journals P078 Oral Appliance Fabrication Settings Impact Treatment Efficacy

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A46-A46
Author(s):  
D Levendowski ◽  
E Sall ◽  
W Odom ◽  
B Beine ◽  
D Cruz Arista ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Treatment Efficacy ◽  
Oral Appliance ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Purpose Assess the impact of custom oral appliance (CA) fabrication settings on treatment outcomes. Methods CPAP-intolerant patients completed a two-night home-sleep-apnea study (HSAT); Night1=baseline, Night2=Apnea Guard® trial appliance (AG). The AG vertical-dimension-of-occlusion (VDO) selection was based on tongue-scallop (women=5.5/6.5 mm, men= 6.5/8.0 mm), with a target protrusion of 70% from neutral-maximum while in situ. Study1 CA VDO was dependent on sex (women=2.5 mm, men=5 mm), with protrusion set using a George-Gauge measured 70% from maximum retrusion-protrusion with dentist-directed titration. Study2 CA was fabricated to the AG VDO and target protrusion bite-registration. Efficacy HSATs were conducted after completion of Study1 CA titration with vertical-elastics optional, and at the AG target protrusion with vertical-elastics mandatory in Study2. Statistics included Mann-Whitney, Chi-squared, and Bland-Altman analyses. Results The Study1 (n=84) and Study2 (n=46) distributions were equivalent for tongue-scallop (64/63%) and sex (women=45/41%), however, noted differences in age (53.8±11.9 vs. 58.4±12.2; P=0.052), body-mass-index (29.4±5.7 vs. 27.8±4.0; P=0.128) and pre-treatment AHI severities (24.6±14.4 vs. 29.2±17.4 events/h; P=0.155) were observed. The Bland-Altman biases were significant different (Study1=4.2±7.8 vs. Study2=1.3±7.0 events/h, P=0.035). The significant Study1 differences between the CA vs. AG AHIs (12.3±9.2 vs. 8.2±5.9 events/h, P&lt;0.0002) were not apparent in Study2 (11.7±8.0 vs. 10.4±6.7 events/h, P=0.362), however, the Study2 AG AHI values were higher (P=0.055). Discussion Despite the trend toward greater Study2 pre-treatment and AG AHI severities, CA treatment efficacy was equivalent to the AG once VMO was controlled and fabricated using the AG VDO and protrusion bite-registration. These findings confirmed CA fabrication settings impact treatment outcomes.

scholarly journals Review of Some Procedural Witness Protective Measures at the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (34) ◽  
pp. 251
Author(s):  
Romina Beqiri
Keyword(s):  
International Criminal ◽  
International Criminal Tribunal ◽  
Fair Trial ◽  
Former Yugoslavia ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Balkan Region ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

Given the spread terror and the abuses perpetrated in the Balkan region, many victims and witnesses of atrocities were deterred from testifying. The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY or Tribunal) facilitated the appearance of witnesses and protected them in case of intimidation including by taking measures against those who would violate the confidentiality of the proceedings. This article aims to introduce some of the witness protective measures before the Tribunal, and particularly threats and risks they have faced in the context of the cases dealt with by the Tribunal. It reflects also upon groundbreaking measures of protection decided by the Tribunal and the challenges it has faced over the last two decades. It finally discusses the impact of such challenges on the right to a fair trial and how they were addressed.

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