scholarly journals SOCIO-ECONOMIC SITUATION IN TURKESTAN VILLAGES AFTER THE ESTABLISHMENT OF SOVIET GOVERNMENT

2021 ◽  
pp. 180-184
Author(s):  
Feruza Rakhmanovna Isakova
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Farm Workers ◽  
Soviet Power ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
State Farm ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Village ◽  
Farm Livestock ◽  
Collective Farms

The article describes the changes that took place in the social structure of the village of Turkestan at the beginning of the establishment of Soviet power, the dominance in agriculture of still individual small peasant farms. Formation of new social strata - collective farms and state farm workers, associated with new economic sectors of the economy - collective farms and state farms. KEY WORDS: village, farmer, farm, livestock, Turkestan, alienation, population, government, industry, poor, middle peasant, rich, religion, apparatus, individual farmer.

scholarly journals Establishment of the Bolshevik Totalitarian Regime in Podillia at the End of the 1920s – at the Beginning of the 1930s: Causes, Technologies And Consequences (on the Example of the Melnykivtsi Village in the Vinnytsia Region)

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-68
Author(s):  
Oleh Melnychuk ◽  
◽  
Tetiana Melnychuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Main Argument ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Totalitarian Regime ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Social ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Mass Starvation ◽  
Short Time ◽  
The Village ◽  
Collective Farms

The purpose of the article, based on the analysis of sources, taking into account the microhistorical approach, to trace the process of final establishment of the Bolshevik totalitarian regime in the Podillia at the and of 1920s – at the beginning of the 1930s through analysis of causes, technologies and consequences. The methodology of the research is based on a combination of general scientific, special-historical and interdisciplinary methods of microhistorical research, taking into account the principles of historicism, systematics, scientificity and verification. The scientific novelty lies in the author's attempt, based on the analysis of a wide representative source base, from the standpoint of a specific microhistorical study, to analyze the process of planting the Bolshevik totalitarian regime in Podillia in the second military-communist assault. Conclusions. An analysis of various sources reflecting the process of planting the Bolshevik totalitarian regime in the village of Melnykivtsi in the Vinnytsia region suggests that the intensification of local authorities to socialize peasant farms in Podillya began in the spring of 1928. If at the beginning of the unification of peasants voluntarily, then with the party taking a course for continuous collectivization, in November 1929, forceful methods of involvement in collectives prevailed. Suppression of the resistance of wealthy peasants was proposed through the expropriation of their property and deportation outside their permanent residence. The response of the Podillia peasantry to the atrocities of the authorities was the intensification of open resistance, as a result of which in the spring of 1930th the Soviet authorities were even overthrown for a short time in some settlements of Podillya. The appearance of J. Stalin's article "Dizziness from Success" was perceived by some peasants as an outspoken criticism by the leader of the violent methods of the local authorities, so as a result of the so-called "bagpipes", by May 1930 almost 1/3 of all members of collective farms left the collectives. . During the second stage of continuous collectivization, which began in September 1930th, the main "argument" that was to persuade the peasants to join the collectives was tax pressure. Influence on the peasantry was carried out through the system of grain procurement. By setting unbearable norms for the delivery of bread for individual farms, the authorities thus forced them to join the collective farms. Forced collectivization, accompanied by the expropriation of wealthy peasants, unbearable grain procurement plans and the forced seizure of food supplies led to mass starvation of part of the Podolsk peasantry in the spring of 1932. As a result of the artificially planned Holodomor of 1932-1933th decreased by more than 1 million people. According to the authorities' plan, the genocide was to finally subdue the Ukrainian peasantry by starvation. By destroying the peasant owners, the Bolshevik government also deliberately and purposefully destroyed the social base of Ukrainian nationalism.

Stalin and Wheat: Collective Farms and Composite Portraits

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Margolin
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Farm Workers ◽  
Single Individual ◽  
Collective Farm ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
Joseph Stalin ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Cult Of Personality ◽  
History Of ◽  
Collective Farms

In late 1939, USSR in Construction, the Soviet propaganda magazine, published a special issue on the Stalin Collective Farm in the Ukraine. The inside front cover of the magazine contained an anonymous paean to socialist farming, attributing its success to the foresight and support of Joseph Stalin, the nation's leader. On the page flanking the euphoric opening text was a near full-page portrait of Comrade Stalin composed of multi-hued grains including millet, alfalfa, and poppy. Grain, or the absence thereof, was fundamental to the development of collective farms in the Soviet Union. By early 1929, government pressure to form large state-run farms had increased and Stalin declared war on the kulaks, or rich peasants. The kulaks responded by killing their livestock, destroying their crops, and demolishing their homesteads. Nonetheless, collectivization, backed by the Party apparatus, continued relentlessly. Needless to say, none of the resistance to collectivized agriculture was evident in USSR in Construction's depiction of life on the Stalin Collective Farm. At the end of the issue, the apparent happiness and prosperity of the workers were attributed to the virtues of socialism. In the later 1930s, with the inauguration of Stalin's "cult of personality," the nation was consistently equated with Stalin himself, hence the choice of his profile for the composite grain portrait. The seamlessness with which a multitude of grains could become a composite portrait of the nation's leader shows how successfully the Soviet government was able to rewrite the history of agricultural collectivization. The pain, loss, and resistance of the small landowners was successfully obliterated and replaced by a new narrative in which collective farm workers prospered and found happiness within a political system that was now synonymous with the beneficence of a single individual, Joseph Stalin.

Ethnographic Study of Privatisation in a Kyrgyz Village: Patrilineal Kin and Independent Farmers

Inner Asia ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Setsuko Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Economic Transition ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Soviet Regime ◽  
State Farm ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
The Social ◽  
Patrilineal Descent ◽  
The Village

AbstractIt is widely known that Central Asian states in economic transition have been suffering from severe difficulties since their independence. Local people have coped with these difficulties partly by making good use of their social networks. To date, most anthropological studies carried out on this topic have been limited to looking primarily at single households and/or individuals. This paper also examines economic transition, focusing on the conditions of privatising a sovkhoz (state farm) in northern Kyrgyzstan, but it deals with wider kinship frameworks on the village level. First, to clarify the background of collectivisation in a village, I consider the social environment formed historically in the politico-economic contexts of the Soviet regime. Second, I analyse the stages of post-Soviet privatisation from the formation of transitional groups to the creation of independent farming enterprises in 1995–1996. In this paper, the correlation between economic reorganisation (collectivisation and privatisation) in the twentieth century and patrilineal descent subdivisions in the formerly nomadic areas of Kyrgyzstan are analysed and the roles and significance of patrilineal kinship in the economic transition of a Kyrgyz village are revealed.

scholarly journals The next tasks of a doctor in the countryside

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 1217-1221
Author(s):  
A. Ya. Pleschitser
Keyword(s):  
Trade Unions ◽  
Public Organizations ◽  
Political Attitude ◽  
October Revolution ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Soviet Power ◽  
Social Origin ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Social

The main question is which side the doctor should be on, should he enter into an alliance with the poor and middle peasants of the countryside, with Soviet and public organizations in order to strike a blow at the kulak and his henchmen, or should he choose a different path? The resolution of this issue depends on the ideology of the doctor, his political attitude; both are determined by many factors, of which there are some of the main ones that determine its political and public face. This will be the social origin of the doctor and his attitude to the soviet power, to the conquests of the October Revolution. Only a complete assimilation of the tasks put forward by the October Revolution and the measures carried out by the party, trade unions and the soviet government will enable every doctor to be in the vanguard, at the forefront of the workers 'and peasants' front of the builders of socialism in the countryside. To do this, it is necessary to clearly understand the party's policy in the countryside.

Agriculture and Rural Society

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Ziemann
Keyword(s):  
Social Stratification ◽  
Rural Society ◽  
German Society ◽  
Farm Workers ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Village Communities ◽  
Agrarian Crisis ◽  
The Village

Agrarian producers (peasants, agricultural labourers, and the very small group of those who owned large estates, predominantly situated in the East-Elbian Prussian provinces) had a continually shrinking yet nevertheless sizeable presence in German society during the Weimar era. The chapter first covers the economic problems of the agrarian sector, from the controlled economy of the period up to 1922 to the agrarian crisis that commenced in 1927/28. It then analyses the social stratification of the village communities. While the revolution had removed the remaining legal obstacles to a full unionization of farm workers, the surge of social democratic union members among the workers on the East-Elbian estates was short lived. Brutal repression by the estate owners, but also the substantial benefits of the payment in kind that they received, had squashed labour unrest by 1921. The last section charts the history of agrarian protest in the years from 1924, and the ability of the Nazis to convert agrarian protest in Protestant regions into support for their party at the ballot box from 1930 to 1933.

The Influencing Factors of The Changing Profession of Coconut Farmers to Service Sector Workers in Pakuweru Village Tenga Subdistric

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iskandar Zulkarnain ◽  
Pangemananan Handrie Dunand
Keyword(s):  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Farm Workers ◽  
Service Workers ◽  
Land Usage ◽  
Social Prestige ◽  
The Social ◽  
Farmer Workers ◽  
The Village

Background: The total area of the village is 600 hectares and the largest part of the land usage is coconut farming which is 497 hectares, while the rest are roads and rivers.Research purposes: The purpose of the study is to determine whether the wage of labors, the term of payment of wages , and the social prestige affect the job shiffting of agricultural workers to servive sector workers.Research methods: The research method used in this research is a quantitative approach. Research results: The result shows that the changing profession from coconut farm workers to the service workers is determined by 3 (three) factors, that are the wage of labors, the term of payment wages, and social prestige. These are proved by a signigicant level ( α)=0.05, with the result obtained in table with dk=98 is 1.984, it means that the regression coefficient is significant between variable x and variable y , where the value of b=0,92, which means that every increase of 100 units will cause the incracement 0,92 of Y.Conclusion: The influence of changing profession of coconut farmers to service workers determined by three factors that are is the wages factor, the term of paymenet wages, and the social prestige. These are proved by the result of significant level (α) + 0,05, result obtained is(α) = 0,05, so the table with dk= 98 is 1.984, this result means that the null hypothesis is rejected. Means that from the calculation between variable X and Y, where the value of b = 0,92, which means that every increase of 100 units will cause the incracement 0,92 of Y. Furthermore the corelation coefficient of 0,86 which is significant, indicates that there is a relationship or linkage between the wage factor , the term of payment wages , and social prestige towards the changing profession of farm workers, as well as in the regression analysis. The square of correlation coeficient (π ) which is the coeficient of determination amounted to 0,73 =73%. This implies that the effect of the jobshifting of farmer workers to service workers can be explained by wage factors, the length of payment day, and and social prestige , amounted to 73%.

The Development of Russia in the Early Years of Soviet Power

2020 ◽  
pp. 77-91
Author(s):  
Bogdan Ershov
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Russian Revolution ◽  
Soviet Power ◽  
The West ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
Democratic Revolution ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Revolution

This chapter discusses the reasons for the victory of the Russian revolution of 1917, as well as the first steps of the Soviet government to reform the country. It is shown that the revolution had a bourgeois-democratic nature. Different opinions of scientists on recognition and non-recognition of the Russian revolution of 1917 are revealed. Historical analysis has shown that Russia reached “a certain height” of capitalism in large-scale industry, in transport, and in the economy, where, as in the West, capitalist monopolies and large banks dominated. As for the village, it was still on the eve of the bourgeois-democratic revolution, and there could be no question of any preconditions for socialism.

scholarly journals PRODUKTIVITAS BURUH TANI PENYADAP KARET RAKYAT DAN STRUKTUR PENDAPATAN RUMAH TANGGANYA (DESA AIR SEKAMANAK KECAMATAN KETAHUN KABUPATEN BENGKULU UTARA)

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 287-300
Author(s):  
Ridlo Syahfrudin ◽  
Ketut Sukiyono ◽  
Ellys Yuliarti
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Farm Workers ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Agricultural Workers ◽  
Average Income ◽  
Rubber Tappers ◽  
The Village ◽  
Village Population

The research was conducted in the Air Sekamanak village ketahun in North Bengkulu. The research location is determined purposively with consideration the village population moyority  are farming rubber 75%. The purpose of this study to: 1) Estimate the level of productivity of rubber tappers, 2) Investigate the structure of rubber tappers household income. The object of research is the variables that relate to activities that tap-time employment, production, costs and revenues. The results of this study with the conclusions 1) Average labor productivity of agricultural workers in the rubber tappers of the Air Sekamanak village 3,822 Kg/wacth. 2) The average income of households in the Air Sekamanak village Rp 1.9466.490,476/month. The average income derived from farm laborers for the rubber tappers Rp 1.720.740,476/farming/month its contribution to household income by 88,402%. While the average income derived from activities outside of tapping rubber laborers Rp 225.750/month. This means that contribution to household income is about 11,598%. Key words: Productivity, Farm workers, Income Structure

scholarly journals Commodity Exchange in the First Months of Soviet Power with Participation of Consumer Cooperation (January – April, 1918)

2021 ◽  
pp. 173-187
Author(s):  
Valeriy Borisov
Keyword(s):  
Food Crisis ◽  
Soviet Power ◽  
Commodity Exchange ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
Food Problem ◽  
German Army ◽  
Regulatory Bodies ◽  
Southern Russia ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Village

The food crisis in Russia arose during the years of the First World War. The tsarist government and the Provisional Government tried to solve this problem, but to no avail. The food crisis, as it was by inheritance, passed to the Soviet regime. All authorities had to solve the food problem in the conditions of constant military and revolutionary upheavals, and this problem, from the socio-economic, passed into the political sphere. Famine predetermined revolutionary upheaval in the country. The article covers the period from January to April, 1918. At this time the Austro-German army advances in southern Russia. The military, political, and socio-economic situation of the new government was extremely difficult. The Soviet government had to support the grain monopoly introduced by the tsarist and confirmed by the Provisional Governments, although it was not officially confirmed and even introduced by the new government. To strengthen its position, the Soviet government took a number of measures to resolve the food problem. The most important, even the main one was the exchange of goods between the city and the village. It was necessary to save the urban population from hunger, to supply the army with food. It should be noted that the initial measures including in the exchange policy of the Soviet government were not of a violent nature. The country had industrial reserves for commodity exchange in the country: manu- factory, high-grade iron, etc. remaining from tsarism. Everything was sent to the village. There is an opinion that the Soviet government gave industrial products to the peasantry for nothing and that was true. But commodity exchange made it possible to alleviate the food crisis in the cities, feed the army, and politically strengthen the Soviet power. For the exchange of goods, it was necessary to attract various regulatory bodies of the country that were engaged in the procurement and distribution of bread. This article highlights the role of consumer cooperation, which was underexplored in the historical literature, in the commodity exchange. Specific examples, facts and figures are given for the bread producing provinces in southern Russia.

scholarly journals ESTABLISHMENT OF SOVIET POWER IN SAMARKAND AND THE BEGINNING OF THE ARMED MOVEMENT AGAINST IT

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
Botirjon Makhamadalievich Tojibaev
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Soviet Regime ◽  
Soviet Power ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
Red Army

This article describes the establishment of Soviet colonialism in Turkestan, including in the Samarkand region, the insidious policy of the Bolsheviks in the country and the emergence of an armed movement against the Soviet regime. KEY WORDS: the Bolsheviks, the Soviet government, Samarkand, the countryside, the locals, the Korboshi, “basmachilik”, the Red Army.

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