IN THE ISSUE OF CHANGES IN THE REPRODUCTIVE ABILITY AND MORPHOBIOCHEMICAL BLOOD PARAMETERS WHEN USING A CONIFEROUS ENERGY SUPPLEMENT IN FEEDING BLACK-AND-WHITE COWS

The major components of economically useful traits in cattle dairy productivity, which conducted the selection is milk productivity and reproductive ability of cows. Studies conducted on animals Ukrainian black and white dairy cattle in the «Milk River» farm in the Sokal and Brody offices breeding reproducers «Breeder» Lviv region and plant breeding «Yamnytsya» Ivano–Frankivsk region. Ukrainian black and white dairy breed in the western region of Ukraine is characterized by good reproductive ability. Depending on the husbandry and lactation duration, service period lasted within 87.4 – 121.5 day, intercalving period – within 364 – 402.6 day, dry period within – 47.3 – 72.9 day, the fertility index was 46.3 – 48.0, coefficient of reproductive ability – within 0.92–0.99, output of calves per 100 cows – within 91.8 – 98.8. The duration of pregnancy in cows of different farms and lactations were in range 277 – 283.5 day and meet the requirements of the physiological norm. It has been shown that the milk yield of cows depends on the parameters of reproductive capacity. The correlation between duration of service–period and intercalving period, and milk yield, milk fat in most cases was positive. Correlation dry period duration and parameters of milk yield changed from negative to positive. Depending on the husbandry, lactation and index the impact share of service–period duration on milk yield was 7.0 – 29.7, for intercalving period – 8.8 – 31.8, for dry period – 9.2 – 23.8% respectively.

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PRODUCTIVITY OF COWS OF UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE AND RED-AND-WHITE DAIRY BREEDS

Animal Breeding and Genetics ◽

10.31073/abg.51.15 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 51 ◽

pp. 112-118

Author(s):

V. V. Machulnyi

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cattle ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Production ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Fat Content ◽

Reproductive Capacity ◽

Black And White ◽

Reproductive Ability ◽

Service Period ◽

Dairy Breed

Milk yield of cows in breeding herds, Cherkassy region, for last completed lactation averaged 6442 kg of milk with 3.62 % fat content. Currently the question of interconnection of cows’ milk production and reproductive capacity is especially important, because the significant increase in milk yields makes minimize calves. The successful conduct of breeding had set the goal to detect the best options for combining milk production and reproductive ability of animals.To characterize the level of milk production including reproductive ability of cows we used indicator of daily average milk yield per one day of periods between calving (PBC). The best service period can be considered period of 51-90 days, that allows you to get one calf per cow per year (average PBC is 351 days) and maintain high milk production (6431 ± 39.6 kg during 305 days of lactation). With this service period all indicators of milk production and reproductive ability are at high level. Reduced service period below recommended levels will reduce the duration of lactation and milk production, and increasing service period will increase the duration of lactation with a simultaneous reduction in milk production for 305 days. Herewith deterioration of reproductive ability is marked and manifested in the increase of the insemination index, decline in the reproductive capacity, increase of periods between calving and as a result, reduce of calves and culling barren cows.Analysis of genealogical structure of the studied herds points to low diversity (Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy cows belong to 6 lines and Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy cows – to 8 ones) with high affinity (by Chief 1427381.62 to R. Sovereign 198998 bloodline, by Starbuck 352790.79 to Elevation 1491007 and Ideal1013415 bloodlines).Genealogical structure of the herds is saturated a lot of bulls genealogical groups of Holstein cattle: Chief 1427381 – 11 bulls in the array of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed and 5 ones in Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed, Starbuck 352790.79 – 10 sires in the array of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy cattle and 3 ones in Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed, Elevation 1491007.65 – 4 sires in the array of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy cattle and 3ones in Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed.Currently the sires of Chief 1427381.62 (7712-3,76-289,9-3,14-242,1), Starbuck 352790 (7857-3,87-295,4-3,07-241,2), Jocko Besne 694028588.94(6687-3,88-259,5-3,03-202,6), and Bell 1667366 bloodlines (61341-3,95-242,3-3,02-185,2) among sires of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy cattle and the sires of Cavalier 1620273.72 (7285-3,98-289,9-3,08-224,4), Chief 1427381.62 (7522-3,76-282,8-3,00-225,7),Starbuck 392405 (7667-3,87-296,7-3,00-230,0), and Elevation 1491007.65 bloodlines (7544-3,80-286,7-3,5-230,0) among sires of Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed are classified to a highly productive and promising for breeding and wider use by productive qualities.After the first insemination the lowest proportion of fertilized cows is among offspring belonging to Chief 1427381 bloodline which is only 38 % among both breeds. However, the milk yield of breeding stock belonging to this bloodline is 7712 kg with 3.76 % fat content for Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy cows and 7522 kg of milk with 3.76 % fat content for Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy cows. Daughters belonging to Elevation1491007, Valiant 1650414, and Hanover 1629391 bloodlines with yields of 4566-5478 kg of milk per lactation had a part of fertilized cows, after the first insemination, at the level of 41-49 %. Fertilization after the first insemination above 50% was in daughters belonging to Cavalier 1620273.72 (52%), Starbuck 392405(50-55 %), Bell 1667366(56%) and Jocko Besne 694028588.94 bloodlines (64 %). The level of performance of these animals for milk yield ranged from 6134 kg to 7857 kg.Heritability coefficients of milk yield and duration of service period were low (0.118-0.289). A positive correlation can be explained by the fact that extension of service period (to a certain level) leads to growing number of milking days (duration of lactation) and defers a decrease in productivity of cows by physiological reasons, namely as a result of pregnancy. Low rates of heritability indicate little genetic diversity of traits and the significant influence of physiological and environmental factors in their formation.As Ukrainian Black-and-White and Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breeds have a high proportion of heredity of Holstein breed which has genetically large fetus, there is need to study the characteristics of nature passing calving in cows of these breeds. Itis found the number of first-calf heifers which needed help was 52.4%. Animals calve alone in 47.6 % of all cases. Calving was without complications if the live weight of calves not exceeding 6-7% of mother’s weight. The cows calved without help of staff exceeded by 11.7% of the width of the pelvis in the buttocks, 7.5 % of the width of the ilium, and 7.1 % of its oblique length compared with animals of same age.

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The influence of the natural-climate zone on the cattle productivity of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed

145 - Tehnologìâ virobnictva ì pererobki produktìv tvarinnictva ◽

10.33245/2310-9289-2020-158-2-58-65 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 58-65

Author(s):

S. Voitenko ◽

O. Sydorenko

Keyword(s):

Live Weight ◽

Steppe Zone ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

Climatic Zones ◽

High Productivity ◽

Black And White ◽

Reproductive Ability ◽

Service Period ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Dairy Breed

It has been highlighted the data of researches as for the influence of natural and climatic zones of Ukraine on display of economically useful signs of the most numerous cattle in the country like Ukrainian black-spotted dairy breed. It was the grounds to assert the efficiency of resources use in those conditions to which they are most adapted and have genetically determined potential. It was found that cowsof lactation breeding herds in the Forest-steppe zone produced 7344 kg of milk, which is 242 kg and 1125 kg more than in the Steppe and Polissya regions due to significant variation of the characteristic within each climatic zone (Cv = 11.6– 27,5%). The Polissya zone, where the animals' yieldwere 5764 kg, while in other climates 6982–6992 kg, does not contribute to the high productivity of the first lactation cows. It is proved that the duration of the service period in cows of three natural and climatic zones of Ukraine varied from 106 days in Polissya to 126 days – Forest-steppe, but it did not agree with the output of calves per 100 cows, which in 81 Polissya amounted to 82 and Forest-steppe – 79. The heifers of the Steppe zone are inseminated with live weight of 391 kg at the age of 477 days, and the Forest-steppe and Polissya with slightly less 385 kg and 387 kg, respectively, at the age of 493 days and 517 days. There is no significant difference in live weight at the ages of 6, 12 and 18 months between heifers of different natural and climatic zones of Ukraine, but the degree of development of the trait after 6 months was slightly better in cattle of the Steppe zone. A positive correlation was found between milk yield of first lactation cows of all natural climatic zones and their live weight at 6, 12 and 18 months of age, as well as negative calf age at first insemination (-0.587 ... -0.810) with significant correlation from the cattle of the Steppe zone. A high correlation coefficient (+0.703) was found in cows between live weight of heifers at first insemination and first lactation in the Polissya region. Key words: natural and climatic zones, Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed, cows, yield, lactation, live weight, reproductive ability indicators, selection traits.

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The genotype influence for duration of the productive use of cows and the reasons of its disposal

Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology ◽

10.15421/nvlvet6763 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

I. V. Novak

Keyword(s):

Preventive Measures ◽

Poor Performance ◽

Laboratory Animals ◽

Black And White ◽

Holstein Breed ◽

Reproductive Ability ◽

Stage Of Development ◽

Sequence Of Events ◽

Economic Use ◽

Dairy Breed

The results of studies on the life and productive use of cows of different genotypes Ukrainian black and white dairy breed are presented in the article. It was established that the life expectancy of laboratory animals averaged 1851 ± 28 days and duration of productive use – 1065 ± 26.8 days. With increasing of blood Holstein breed productive use of animals decreased from 1158 (in cows with a share of inheritance Holstein below 50%) to 979 days (75% or more-blood animals). The high variability of life and productive use of cows all genotypes (Cv = 26 – 53%) are found out, which indicates ample opportunity to select animals according to these characteristics. The largest herd of cows (30.1%) dropped out due to poor performance and dysfunction of reproductive ability (25.9%). 20.3% of cows dropped out of the herd because of the physiological old age, 14.6% – because of udder disease, 9.1 % – as a result of injury. Withdrawal almost half of the animals (49.6%) from the herd is the result of causal relationships. One such feature is the certain sequence of events in time: cause precedes consequence. It is determined that between cause and consequence is genetic connection. At a certain stage of development the cause generates consequence. In the breeding aspect it could be minimized by setting optimal in terms of duration and efficiency of economic use of genotype of animals that are in specific ecological conditions of the environment. Birth calves per 100 cows, the coefficient of reproductive ability and fertility index animals grew with age. In order to increase the number, maintaining good performance reproductive ability and relatively higher fat and protein in milk black and white cows in the future breeding Ukrainian black and white dairy breed genotypes should be used, in which the share of inheritance Holstein breed is not more than 75%. However, the economies of the region should focus on preventive measures to non-communicable diseases, improving animal welfare.

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EVALUATION OF DAIRY PRODUCTIVITY AND REPRODUCTIVE ABILITY OF UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WITE AND RED-AND-WITE MILK COWS DEPENDING ON THE SELECTIONAL DIRECTION OF HOLSTEIN BREED

Animal Breeding and Genetics ◽

10.31073/abg.54.23 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 54 ◽

pp. 178-184 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

V. V. Machulnyi ◽

S. N. Pokryshcuk ◽

A. A. Sorokin

Keyword(s):

Protein Content ◽

North American ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Milk Productivity ◽

Black And White ◽

Holstein Breed ◽

The North ◽

Reproductive Ability ◽

Milk Protein Content ◽

Selection Of

Formation of high-yielding herds is a rather long breeding process (at least 10–12 years), during which animals of the 3rd–4th generation appear. During this period, it is necessary to preserve a certain scientifically justified direction of selection to perform the tasks, the embodiment of which in life is possible only in the presence of a long-term plan of breeding work. Selection of cows for milk productivity primarily depends on the degree of influence on this feature of the main genetic and environmental factors, taking into account that you can significantly improve the desired attributes. The purpose of our research was to assess productive and reproductive animal characteristics of Ukrainian red- and black-and-white dairy breeds, search of the most effective breeding methods for improving the reproductive function of cows and heifers. Indicators of economically useful signs of the animals under investigation are calculated according to the data of the primary zootechnical account according to the generally accepted methods of biometric analysis. In the course of the work the genealogical, population, genetic and mathematical methods of studying patterns of inheritance, variability, repeatability, estimation of the genotype of animals and other classical methods of research were used. According to the results of our research, it is evident that the best milk production is characterized by the animals obtained by using the Holstein breed of North American breeds. A well-defined difference of 234 kg is observed in the cows of the Ukrainian black-and-white milk breed, and in the red- and-white peers there is an insignificant difference between the groups. That indicates that the high-level animals of the Holstein breed do not fully realize their genetic potential by productivity. It should be noted that the bloodiness of the North American selection of Holstein breeds in the genotypes of both breeds, in contrast to the diet, had a negative effect on the protein content of milk (milk protein content decreased by 0.5–0.9% In comparison with the animals of the desirable type of daughter from the European bulls of the Holstein breed in the group of Ukrainian black- and red- and-white dairy breeds were significantly superior to or were at the level of the animals of the desired type for fatty milk and milk protein content, unlike the daughters from the bulls of the North American breeding direction. Animals derived from the bulls of the North American breeding Holstein breed had the longest service period 166.1 days, which is 36.4 days more than that of the animals of the same breed, but from the bulls of European breeding Holstein breed (P > 0,05). It was also characterized by a longer give birth period, which amounted to 445.4 days, prevailing at the same time of first-born cows with European genetics of Holstein breed for 36 days (P > 0,05). According to the indicator of reproductive ability of animals of Ukrainian black-and-white milk breeds holsteinized by the European type of breeding Holstein breed have a better result of 0.89 in contrast to the peers holsteinized by the North American type of selection 0,86 (P > 0,05). In the comparative analysis of the correlation of reproductive ability of cows with different genotypic groups of both breeds, the cows with the European type of selection of the Holstein breed are preferable to the parameters of the animals of the desired type. Conclusions. According to the results of the evaluation of milk productivity, the preference is given to the animals obtained from the bulls of the Holstein breed of North American breeding by quantitative indices but this genetics negatively affected the protein content of milk. Compared to the animals of the desired type, – then both breeding directions are considerably inferior to the parameters of the animals of the desired type, but on qualitative indicators of milk productivity the cows from the bulls of European breeding Holstein breed prevail and their peers with the North American selection of Holstein breed and animals of the desired type. According to the performance of the reproductive ability of the daughter of the North American bulls Holstein breed had the longest service- and between the give birth period, and shorter dry period. According to the indicator of reproductive ability, dominated cows by the European type of breeding Holstein breed.

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USE АDAPTOGENS TO INCREASE THE RESISTANCE AND VASSOS-RIVALINO CAPACITY OF COWS IN THE AREA OF RADIOACTIVE CONTAMINATION IN THE CONDITIONS OF KYIV POLESIE

Animal Breeding and Genetics ◽

10.31073/abg.53.36 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 53 ◽

pp. 260-266

Author(s):

T. S. Plotko

Keyword(s):

Radioactive Contamination ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Agricultural Production ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Natural Resistance ◽

Reproductive Capacity ◽

Farm Animals ◽

Control Groups ◽

Reproductive Ability ◽

And Control

Increased resistance to adverse factors, including the radiation – an important factor in maintaining the health and productivity of animals in remote period after the accident. Therefore it is important to develop tools and methods to enhance natural resistance and immune status of the animals kept in contaminated areas. At the moment not enough information on the impact of adaptogens on natural resistance and reproductive ability of farm animals in the chronic effect of small doses of radiation and especially with regard to territorial characteristics. The purpose of research was to study the possibility of using adaptogens to improve resistance and reproductive ability of cows in the area of radioactive contamination in remote period after the accident in terms of Kiev Polissya. Research adaptogens action on the state of natural resistance and reproductive ability of cattle in the remote period after the accident was studied in stock of dairy cows in the Agricultural production cooperative «Mriya» Ivankivsky district Kyiv region (third zone of radioactive contamination). According to the principle par-analogues was formed groups of cows Ukrainian black and white dairy cattle (62 heads). In the experiment studied radiological features welfare of cows, their overall performance and physiological state resistance. As used adaptogens: еleutherococcus, and trіvit tetravit. Efficacy was assessed by drugs hematologic indices Independence period. Monitored the course of generations, postnatal period, as the udder. To reveal hidden pathological processes conducted laboratory tests of milk sexual heat slime, postnatal excretion. Determination of radioactive contamination of water, feed conducted by generally accepted methods. Biometric data processing, obtained during the investigations carried out by M.A. Plohynskym and using the computer program Microsoft Excel 2010. In the Agricultural production cooperative «Mriya» Loose cows kept on deep litter of straw. Soil contamination 82,2 ± 10,14 kBq / m2. Total activity diet of 3450 Bq / day. In analyzing the morphological blood parameters of cows, found that the number of red blood cells and white blood cells in the control and experimental groups within physiological norms. In the leukocyte formula cows all groups, certain types of leukocytes, with the exception of young forms of neutrophils, were within physiological norms or at their lower limit. Number of young neutrophils constitute 2,0-5,3% After applying Eleutherococcus young eosinophils decreased by 50.9% tetravit - by 58.8%; tryvitu - were left unchanged. "Shift left" core neutrophils can be seen as a manifestation of lack of usefulness of the hematopoietic system. This kind of physiological miyelopoyezu irritation that is caused by a violation of neurohumoral regulations in the body. In the analysis of biochemical blood parameters of cows, cows significant differences in the experimental and control groups is not installed. Indicators were at the lower border of physiological norm, carotene was lower third of the index rules. When used Eleutherococcus Independence period was 88,3 ± 2,03, tryvitu-85,4 ± 6,20, tetravit – 55,8 ± 7,87 days. The difference between control and experimental groups was, respectively, 4.7, 24.1 and 38 days. That application tryvitu and tetravit Independence period decreased to 1-1,8 sexual cycle. All animals as experimental and control groups provided obstetric aid. Reproductive system disease diagnosed in all groups, the application of adaptogens their number decreased by 10-20%. Conclusions. The use of adaptogens positive impact on the performance of natural resistance and reproductive ability of cows. Based on the research we can conclude that the use of adaptogens enhances natural resistance performance, and improved reproductive capacity of animals.

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THE INFLUENCE OF THE DRY SUBTROPICAL CLIMATE OF AZERBAIJAN ON THE DURATION OF PREGNANCY OF HEIFERS AND THEIR DAUGHTERS OF THE HOLSTEIN BREED OF GERMAN BREEDING

Molochnoe i miasnoe skotovodstvo ◽

10.33943/mms.2021.86.81.007 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 34-38

Author(s):

А.И. АБИЛОВ ◽

С.Ф. АБИЛОВА ◽

И.П. НОВГОРОДОВА

Keyword(s):

Control Group ◽

Subtropical Climate ◽

Adaptation Period ◽

Black And White ◽

Holstein Breed ◽

Reproductive Ability ◽

Hot Climate ◽

The Difference ◽

Experimental Group ◽

Duration Of Pregnancy

Работа посвящена изучению воспроизводительной способности как критерия адаптации животных голштинской породы черно-пестрой масти немецкой селекции в условиях сухого субтропического климата Азербайджана. В контрольную группу (n=79) вошли нетели, импортированные с 3—4-месячной стельностью из Германии, выросшие в умеренно-континентальном мягком климате. В условиях Азербайджана их адаптационный период начался в возрасте 18—24 мес. Опытная группа состояла из нетелей (n=79), рожденных в Азербайджане от животных контрольной группы. Были изучены воспроизводительные показатели: возраст первого осеменения, продолжительность стельности, возраст первого отела. Телята опытной группы за счет сухого субтропического, умеренно-жаркого климата быстрее росли и достигали возраста первого осеменения и отела. У 64% животных опытной группы возраст первого осеменения составлял до 500 суток, в то же время в контрольной группе только 48% телок были осеменены к этому возрасту. Разница составила 16%. У 29% животных опытной группы продолжительность стельности составила менее 270 дней, в то время как в контроле — только 21% (P<0,01). Потомство, полученное в условиях Азербайджана от импортных матерей, по сравнению с ними отличалось более ранней половой зрелостью и более коротким сроком плодоношения. The work is devoted to the study of reproductive ability as a criterion for the adaptation of animals of the Holstein breed of the black-and-white suit of German breeding in the conditions of the dry subtropical climate of Azerbaijan. The control group (n=79) included heifers imported with a 3—4-month pregnancy from Germany, who grew up in a temperate continental mild climate. In the conditions of Azerbaijan, their adaptation period began at the age of 18—24 months. The experimental group consisted of heifers (n=79) born in Azerbaijan from animals of the control group. Reproductive indicators were studied: the age of the first insemination, the duration of pregnancy, the age of the first calving. The calves of the experimental group grew faster due to the dry subtropical, moderately hot climate and reached the age of the first insemination and calving. In 64% of the animals of the experimental group, the age of the first insemination was up to 500 days, while in the control group only 48% of heifers were inseminated by this age. The difference was 16%. In 29% of the animals of the experimental group, the duration of pregnancy was less than 270 days, while in the control — only 21% (P<0.01). The offspring obtained in Azerbaijan from imported mothers, in comparison with them, differed in earlier sexual maturity and a shorter period of fruiting.

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Influence of a complex feed additive on the morphological and biochemical parameters of the blood of first-calf heifers during the period of increasing the milk yield

Kormlenie sel'skohozjajstvennyh zhivotnyh i kormoproizvodstvo (Feeding of agricultural animals and feed production) ◽

10.33920/sel-05-2111-04 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 31-39

Author(s):

M. T. Sabitov ◽

A. R. Farkhutdinova ◽

M. G. Malikova ◽

Yu. A. Karmatskikh

Keyword(s):

Milk Yield ◽

Biochemical Parameters ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

The Body ◽

Feed Additive ◽

Control Group ◽

Black And White ◽

White Breed ◽

The Republic ◽

Experimental Group

It is known that mineral additives play an important role in increasing the productivity and efficiency of the animal husbanry industry as a whole. The state of the body can be assessed by the content of mineral substances in a blood test. The purpose of the work was to study changes in morphological and biochemical blood parameters in first-calf heifers during the period of increasing the milk yield when they are fed a complex mineral and vitamin feed additive (CMVFA). The study of the influence of feeding the complex mineral and vitamin feed additive in the ration to first-calf heifers during the the period of increasing the milk yield on morphological and biochemical blood parameters has been carried out. The experiments were carried out in 2019–2020 in the OOO Breeding Farm “Valiev” in the Dyurtyulinsky district in the Republic of Bashkortostan on 3 groups of first-calf heifers of Black-and-White breed per 15 heads in each selected by the method of pairs of analogues. The animals of the control group received the main ration (MR) adopted on the farm, the 1st experimental group MR+120 g/head CMVFA according to the recipe No. 1, the 2nd experimental group MR+120 g/head CMVFA according to the recipe No. 2. In the ration of animals of the control group there was a deficiency of basic macro- and microelements. The use of CMVFA as part of the ration of first-calf heifers during the period of increasing the milk yield had a positive effect on the morphological and biochemical parameters of blood. Studies have shown that the use of CMVFA in the rations of first-calf heifers provided the need for minerals and vitamins, accelerating metabolic processes in the body during the most stressful period of lactation, the period of increasing the milk yield. According to the results of biochemical blood parameters, it is possible to esimate the improvement of protein, carbohydrate and mineral and vitamin nutrition in the first-cakf heifers of the experimental groups during the period of increasing the milk yield, which showed their genetic potential more fully and used nutrients more effectively for milk synthesis.

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THE GROWTH AND REPRODUCTIVE ABILITY OF HEIFERS AND FIRST-CALF COWS UKRAINIAN RED AND BLACK-SPOTTED DAIRY BREEDS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE CENTRAL REGION OF UKRAINE

Animal Breeding and Genetics ◽

10.31073/abg.61.23 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 61 ◽

pp. 201-206

Author(s):

G. D. Ilyashenko

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Live Weight ◽

Reproductive Capacity ◽

Milk Productivity ◽

Black And White ◽

Fertility Index ◽

Reproductive Ability ◽

Different Ages ◽

Dairy Breed ◽

Duration Of Pregnancy

Introduction. The significant and long-term increasing of milk yield is possible only with proper organization of heifer breeding. Therefore, now is important to study the ontogenetic patterns of living mass formation. It is known, that between the growth rate of heifers and their future milk productivity exists correlation. The young age’s animals, which have a high growth energy, in the first lactation give 5000–6000 kg of milk. The force of influence of the live weight the heifers on variability of milk productivity, in depending on the age and lactation, is concluded 8.21–42.87%. The aim of our research was to study the dynamics of live weight, reproductive capacity and the level of their interconnection of heifers and first-born cows of Ukrainian Red and Black-and-White dairy breeds. Materials and methods of research. The research was carried out on first-born, heifers of Ukrainian Red (UR) and Black-and-White dairy breeds (UBS) in SE «SH «Elitne» ISА NAAS». Groups of animals (n = 15) were formed for research by the method of analog pairs. Growth indicators were studied: live weight at 3-, 6-, 9-, 12- and 15-month-old age, at the first insemination. Reproductive ability was studied: age of the first insemination and calving, duration of pregnancy of heifers and first-born, duration of service and intercorporeal periods. Along with the main studied indicators, auxiliary indicators were calculated: reproductive capacity, fertility index and possible yield of calves per 100 cows. The biometric processing of the obtained data was carried out according to the method of N. A. Plokhinsky, using Microsoft Excel software. Research results. The studies of ontogenetic patterns in formation the live weight of repair heifers in controlled herds demonstrated a fairly high level of their cultivation. However, it was found that the growth rate of live weight of heifers in the studied breeds at different ages was different. Thus, at the age of six months, the animals of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed significantly outnumbered the analogues of the Ukrainian Red dairy breed. The interbreed difference in this period by live weight was 5.0 ± 1.70 kg (P < 0.01). At 9, 12, and 15 months their weight gaining was 15.0 ± 3.42 kg, respectively; 26.0 ± 4.08 kg; and 29.0 ± 6.48 kg, at P < 0.001. In general, during the growing period, the absolute increasing in live weight of UBS heifers by 7.0% exceeded that of UR heifers. At the same time, heifers of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed were more precocious and had the age of the first insemination, which was 14.5 months at a live weight of 400 kg, while the peers of the Ukrainian Red dairy breed were 15.4 months and 402 kg. Characterizing the coefficient of variation of live weight of heifers, we should note the tendency to decrease with age in both breeds. Thus, the level in the for Ukrainian Red reached 11.6% in three months, for Ukrainian Black-and-White – 15.0%, at the age of 15 months respectively 8.9% and 8.4%. It was established the significant coefficients of recurrence of live weight of heifers during the year with such at 9, 12 and 15 months of age with high degrees of probability. This indicates the possibility of effective early selection. The studies of the reproductive capacity of heifers and first-born demonstrated, that the age of first insemination and calving were significantly lower in heifers of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed. The difference was 26.0 ± 9.8 days (td = 2.65, at P < 0.05) and 22.0 ± 9.5 days (td = 2.31, at P < 0.05), respectively. However, in terms of duration of pregnancy and service period of first-born cows, Ukrainian Red animals had positively lower values in compare to the analogues of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed, which provided a higher reproductive capacity at the level of (0.90 vs. 0.88) and estimated possibility yield of calves per 100 cows (90.3 vs. 87.7 heads). However, the fertility index for both breeds was at the same level 48.7–48.8. The interconnection of live weight of animals at different ages with the indicators of reproductive capacity was mostly the opposite in direction at an unreliable level in most cases. However, both breeds show a positive interconnection between live weight at 6 months of age and fertility index, between live weight at 1st insemination and age of 1st insemination, and between live weight at 1st insemination and coefficient of reproducibility Conclusions. It was found, that at different ages the heifers of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed significantly (p < 0.01) outnumbered the analogues of the Ukrainian Red dairy breed, and the coefficient of variation with age on this basis decreased for both breeds. The coefficients of recurrence of live weight of the studied heifers, which are quite significant at high degrees of probability, were revealed, which indicates the possibility of effective early selection. Thus, the live weight of Ukrainian Black-and-White heifers at 9, 12 and 15 months of age can be reliably predicted by its size at the age of three months after birth - heifers of Ukrainian Red dairy breed a little later. There was a positive interconnection between live weight at 6 months age and fertility index, between live weight at the first insemination and age of the first insemination and between live weight at the first insemination and кcoefficient of reproducibility.

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Productive longevity of cows of dairy breeds depending on the duration of their first service period

Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology ◽

10.15421/nvlvet8402 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 (84) ◽

Author(s):

N. P. Babik

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cattle ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Life Time ◽

High Fertility ◽

Black And White ◽

Holstein Breed ◽

Reproductive Ability ◽

Service Period ◽

The One ◽

Selection Of

Recently, in the breeding and commodity farms of our country can be observed a rapid decrease in the duration of productive use dairy cattle. A considerable amount of scientific researches are conducted on the effects of hereditary and environmental factors on productive indicators longevity, researches are done on various ways to increase durability productive use of dairy cattle. In this aspect, reproductive ability of cows is important, which must be taken into account while individual estimation for the next selection of the most valuable animals that combine high milk productivity with high fertility. Therefore, the goal of our research was to study the productive longevity of dairy cows depending on the duration of their first service period and find the optimal duration of this indicator for a particular breed. The research was carried out on cows of Holstein, Ukrainian Black-and-White and Red-and-White breeds. Retrospective analysis of duration and the effectiveness of life-time use of cows was carried out according to the method Yu P. Polupan (2010). It was found that average duration of the first service-period of cows was 167.7 days on the studied Holstein populations, 180.3 – on the Ukrainian Black-and-White and Ukrainian Red-and-White – 142.1 days. The longest duration of life, productive use, lactations and the highest milk yields had cows with the duration of the first service period of 121–150 days among the Holstein breed, 151–180 – Ukrainian Black-and-White and 91–120 days and Ukrainian Red-and-White. The worst, by the indicators of productive longevity, were individuals with 60 days and no more of the first service period. Correlation analysis showed the different level of the connection between the duration of the service period animals and indicators of their lifelong use, which in most cases had a reverse nature. This kind of connection indicates that with the extension of the duration of service period of cows, the duration of their productive use and lifetime productivity decreases. In Holstein breed animals, the correlation coefficients between the above named indicators ranged from -0.462 to 0.370, Ukrainian Black-and-White – from -0.113 to 0.144 and Ukrainian Red-and-White – from 0.279 to 0.149. Strength of influence of the duration of the first service-period on life duration, productive use and lactation of cows, depending on the breed, was 12.5–36.5%, for lifetime productivity – 9.7–34.6 and on the one day of life, productive use and lactation – 11.3–35.9%.

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