scholarly journals Wobec tajemnicy i skandalu zła – teodycea Karola Ludwika Konińskiego

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 137-148
Author(s):  
Adam Sawicki
Keyword(s):  
Human Existence ◽  
Roman Catholicism ◽  
Ethical Status ◽  
Cosmic Scale ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject

The article presents religious and philosophical views of journalist and writer Karol Ludwik Koniński (1891–1943), which he included in his intimate journal, written mostly during the war and the occupation period. He intertwines his observations of daily dramatic events with reflections on the metaphysical and ethical status of evil present in the world. Koniński was inspired in his theodicy, trying to reconcile the image of merciful God with the severity of evil present in the world, the views of Gnostics and Origen. He took the view that God was not fully omnipotent, and emphasized that on a cosmic scale the process of overcoming multiform evil by God, who is Love, is constantly taking place. Koniński’s theodicy therefore constitutes religious evolutionism. He combined Gnostic sensitivity to the presence and severity of evil with the belief in the ultimate, full apocatastasis. Koniński’s reflection does not accept some of the dogmas of Roman Catholicism, it also includes a critique of the views of St. Augustine and scholastic theology. The author of the article puts forward a thesis that Koniński, due to his in-depth analysis of the subject of evil and his sensitivity to the dramatic dimension of human and non-human existence, can be attributed to a particular current of the philosophy of the heart, in Pascal’s understanding of this concept. 

Sukarno and Colonialism: An Analysis of Indonesia’s Foreign Policy Discourse, 1955-1961

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Ardhitya Eduard Yeremia
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
National Interest ◽  
Policy Discourse ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
West Papua ◽  
The World ◽  
Important Player ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Republic

For the most part, the literature about Indonesia’s foreign policy does not stray far from a descriptive and chronological presentation of the subject. The fact of the matter is that an in-depth analysis of the nation’s foreign policy from a different era will impart valuable lessons to the current policymakers in charge of formulating and implementing such a policy. The era of Sukarno bore witness to the implementation of Indonesia’s foreign policy that was strong in ideas and practices. Employing discourse analysis, this article seeks to analyze five of Sukarno’s speeches, which were delivered in various international forums from 1955 to 1963. It demonstrates that during that time, Indonesia put forward a coherent and consistent foreign policy with colonialism as its master signifier. The promotion of such a discourse contributed positively to the diplomatic effort on the issue of West Papua by mobilizing supports from Asian-African nations, as well as attracting the interest of the superpowers. As a result, Indonesia’s national interest to bring West Papua into the Republic was well served, and furthermore, Indonesia succeeded in enhancing its image, role, and leadership in world affairs. This experience presents a challenge to the contemporary policymakers in producing a configuration of strong ideas and concepts that would allow the implementation of a foreign policy that serves the national interest, when the nation has once again risen as an important player on the world stage.

scholarly journals Event: philosophy sub specie eventi

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-49
Author(s):  
Vladimir A. Konev ◽  
◽  
Valeria N. Ivanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Problem Situation ◽  
Problematic Situation ◽  
Productive Force ◽  
Logic Of Action ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Event Based

The article argues that the philosophy of the twentieth century is characterized by a tran­sition from a view according to which the mind tends to contemplate things sub specie aeterni (Descartes, Spinoza, Hegel) to an understanding that things and the world should be taken sub specie eventi (Bakhtin, Heidegger, Deleuze). Event in its various manifesta­tions becomes the subject of philosophical comprehension. The authors point at two onto­logical characteristics of the phenomenon of an event – an event always happens, i.e. an event cannot be thought outside of time, and an event always appears as the unity of heterogeneous. Distinguishing the concepts of incident and that of event, the authors analyze the problem of the beginning of an event. Based on the ideas of synergetics, the authors argue that an event has no cause, but there are prerequisites – a state of uncertainty and an attractor that organizes the constitution of the event/incident. The authors focus their attention on the problem of the connection between meaning and event that characterizes the events of the world of human existence. It is shown that in the world of human existence a situation of uncertainty is a problematic situation. The solution to a problem situation is an event that is associated with this situation not by causal, but by casual relations, when the singularities of a given situation set the initial conditions for an action and provide real opportunities for its accomplishment. It is important here that the logic of action and the course of thought are governed not by general ideas, but by the premises given here and now. This is how a new version of the identity of “thought and being” declares itself: meaning as an intention and a productive force of the initial condition for constituting an event are identical to the event itself. Being/event is objecti­fied as res gestae, which acts as an organizing force and by this force the being acquires the ability to declare and affirm itself as integrity and organization. The authors sug­gest that the philosophical understanding of an event provides a new way to corelate the two main traditions in contemporary Western philosophy – the “continental” and the “analytic”.

Life and Perceptual Intentionality

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renaud Barbaras
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Specific Relationship ◽  
Phenomenology Of Perception ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Living Being

AbstractHusserl is the first philosopher who has managed to account for the specificity of perception, characterized as givenness by sketches (Abschattungen); but neither Husserl nor Merleau-Ponty have given a satisfying definition of the subject of perception. This article tries to show that the subject of perception must be conceived as living being and that, therefore, the phenomenology of perception must lead to a phenomenology of life. Here, life is approached from an existential point of view, that is to say, as a specific relationship to the world. However, life cannot be characterized from human existence in a privative way, as in Heidegger's philosophy: on the contrary, human existence, and particularly perception itself, must be understood from vital existence, and accordingly, an "additive" anthropology must replace the privative zoology. The hypothesis of this article is that it is by characterizing life as desire, we are able to account for perception as givenness by sketches.

scholarly journals REVIEW OF THE TEXTBOOK “NANOCHEMISTRY AND NANOTECHNOLOGIES” TEREBILENKO K. V, OGENKO V. M

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (10) ◽  
pp. 129-131
Author(s):  
Pavlo Nagorny
Keyword(s):  
World Literature ◽  
Classification Methods ◽  
Educational Literature ◽  
Basic Set ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The World ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Scientific Terms ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanomaterials

A review of the textbook «Nanochemistry and nanotechnology» for students of the chemical specialties of the basic set of knowledge, which aims аре to form opportunities of the students to solve professional problems and in-depth analysis of modern nanomaterials for the latest technologies. The authors give clear definitions of scientific terms that are used in both the world literature and in highly specialized areas of research. The developers of the manual summarize and systematize the theoretical achievements in the field of classification, methods of obtaining, stabilizing and using various nanostructured materials. The textbook on the subject “Nanochemistry and Nanotechnology” meets the requirements for the preparation of educational literature for masters of chemistry, contains modern, well-structured and clearly stated information, which is the basis for comprehensive and thorough training of specialists in chemistry. The textbook is aimed at in-depth study of the most typical approaches to the synthesis of nanomaterials, methods of their classification, study of their properties, students’ mastery of the latest data in the field of nanochemistry and nanotechnology. The literature used contains many reviews in high-ranking journals, a detailed analysis of modern literature in this area.

scholarly journals To wszystko i sto innych czynności, i sto tysięcy innych czynności. Codzienność w poezji Tadeusza Różewicza

2021 ◽  
pp. 136-157
Author(s):  
Michał Bolek
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Religious Experience ◽  
Reference Point ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Main Topic ◽  
Human Mortality ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject

The main topic of the article is everyday life depicted in the poetry by Tadeusz Różewicz. Its reference point is the concept of everyday life constructed by Bernhard Waldenfels. He distinguishes three ways of perceiving it – it entails regular order, embraces everything that is palpable and tangible, as well as is closed-in-itself and restricted. According to Grażyna Borkowska, everyday life is synonymic to both daunting prose of life and heart-warming  familiarness. Thus, everyday life embraces a wide range of human experiences and is valuated both positively and negatively. The category of everyday life understood as above functions as a frame for interpretation of selected Różewicz’s poems which represent different topics – religion and faith, humanity, death, and writing. Everyday life functions in Różewicz’s poetry as a space for religious experience; it enables formulating diverse universal conclusions about humanity and their relations with the world, allows the subject to speak about human mortality, and is the platform for self-referential deliberation about poetry and creating. Interpreting selected poems from the perspective of everyday life lets the reader capture deeper, ambiguous meaning of faith, perceive human existence in its double sense – both ordinary and extraordinary, bind everyday life with death and present it as a space for creating poetry. Those measures make discussed issues clearer and more concrete and combine them with human experience. Showing a specific tension between them and everyday life makes the interpretation richer and opens perspectives for discovering new meanings.  

scholarly journals The images of foreigners in I. S. Shmelyov’s stories of the earlier period in the context of the theme of childhood

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
Anna Aleksandrovna Skoropadskaya
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
The Social ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The World ◽  
Mature Period ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Everyday Realities ◽  
The One ◽  
The Universe

The subject of this research is the images of foreigners in I. S. Shmelyov’s stories of the earlier period “On the Seashore” and "Hassan and His Jeddi". The stories mark a neo-realistic period in the writer’s creative path, oriented towards depicting the social and everyday realities contemporary to the writer. The goal of this article lies in classification of the characters in the context of the theme of childhood. The belonging of the Turk Hassan and the Greek Dimitraki to a different ethnic and confessional culture, on the one hand allows conducting stylistic experiments to create a speech portrait of the Russian-speaking foreigner, while on the other hand figuratively indicates the diversity and unity of the universe. The novelty of this research consists in referring to the previously undeciphered and unpublished draft materials of the stories. The relevance of the selected topic is substantiated by the need for a more in-depth analysis of I. S. Shmelyov’s works of the earlier period, as namely them lay the foundation for the artistic philosophy and development of his writing style. Based on the comparative method and textual analysis, the article reveals the similar features of the foreign characters, which testifies to the fact that Shmelyov sought for the particular traits. The connection of foreign characters with the world of childhood (blood relationship or spiritual closeness with the child-character, retained childishness of perception of the world) resembles in their images the features of the chactachers of a righteous man and mentor, which were most fully described in Shmelyov’s works of the mature period.

The Human Existence Analytics: an Introduction to the Experience of Self-discovery. a Systematic Study

10.12737/3476 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syergyey YAchin
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Study ◽  
Human Experience ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Relations ◽  
Ethical Relation ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Self Discovery

This paper aims to reveal the multidimensionality of human being-in-the-world within the human existence analytics and to show that human existence is reflexively correlated with the Other. The key question is how the subject ontologically lives and at the same time existentially experiences his relations to the world. The distinction between be-living and living through human’s being-in-the-world is substantiated as the principle of onto-phenomenological differentiation. Within the irreducible multiplicity of human relations to the world four modes of human experience are formed: the transcendent, the symbolic, the objective and the sensual ones. Ultimately, it is shown that the key to understanding the human existence is the highest form of its correlation with the Other: the ethical relation. Thus, the universal for the world philosophy understanding of man as ethical and, as such, reasonable being is expounded. The paper can be of interest to anyone who is concerned with the problem of man and who is familiar with some basic philosophical approaches to it.

Nihilism, Russian

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Lovell
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Central Character ◽  
The World ◽  
Normative Significance ◽  
The Subject ◽  
General Meaning ◽  
Fathers And Sons ◽  
Cultural Movement ◽  
Radical Movements

The term ’Nihilist’, although it was first used in Russian as early as 1829, only acquired its present significance in Turgenev’s novel Ottsy i deti (Fathers and Sons) (1862), where it is applied to the central character, Bazarov. Thereafter Nihilism quickly became the subject of polemical debate in the journal press and in works of literature. The Nihilists were the generation of young, radical, non-gentry intellectuals who espoused a thoroughgoing materialism, positivism and scientism. The major theorists of Russian Nihilism were Nikolai Chernyshevskii and Dmitrii Pisarev, although their authority and influence extended well beyond the realm of theory. Nihilism was a broad social and cultural movement as well as a doctrine. Russian Nihilism negated not the normative significance of the world or the general meaning of human existence, but rather a particular social, political and aesthetic order. Despite their name, the Russian Nihilists did hold beliefs – most notably in themselves and in the power of their doctrine to effect social change. It is, however, the vagueness of their positive programmes that distinguishes the Nihilists from the revolutionary socialists who followed them. Russian Nihilism is perhaps best regarded as the intellectual pool of the period 1855–66 out of which later radical movements emerged; it held the potential for both Jacobinism and anarchism.

scholarly journals K personální etice

Envigogika ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzana Svobodová
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Human Being ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Ethical Basis

In the text entitled "The Ethics of Persona" are successively opened following questions: What is the basis of ethics? What constitutes the humanity of man? How have views of human nature in history changed? What has the discovery of the subject-object approach to the world meant? Why do we now talk about the need for a new ethics? After emphasizing the role of communication in the human being, a consequence of the difference of social or individual bases of human existence is shown. Also depicted is the gradual discovery of the personal dimension of man and the tension, which can be   expressed following Levinas's formulation, as a question: nominative, or accusative? Referring to the prioritisation of accusative "selves" before the nominative "Ego" leads to the prioritisation of responsibility and care as the (existential) significant ethical basis for the meaningful development of man and the world.

scholarly journals Book Review: Alexander Lott's The Estonian Straits: Exceptions to the Strait Regime of Innocent or Transit Passage

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 142-146
Author(s):  
Erik Franckx
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Doctoral Dissertation ◽  
Scholarly Work ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The University

The author's review of the book The Estonian Straits: Exceptions to the Strait Regime of Innocent or Transit Passage (Leiden, 2018, 306 pages), by Alexander Lott, highlights the major achievements represented by this scholarly work. The review presents the main subjects discussed in the book, which is based on a doctoral dissertation defended at the University of Tartu in early 2017. Having thus walked the reader through the subject matter of this new addition to Brill Nijhoff’s series International Straits of the World, the author concludes that the book, based as it is on an in-depth analysis of primarily Estonian archives alongside more recent parliamentary and governmental documents of this country, is not only timely but at the same time also a most enriching contribution to the literature on the issue of international straits.

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