scholarly journals Study the efforts of the Orientalists to introduce the Prophet Muhammad – may God bless him and grant him peace – and his Sunnah

2022 ◽  
pp. 8-24
Author(s):  
أمل صالح سعد راجح
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Method ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Islamic Religion ◽  
The Status

The research aims to study the efforts of the Orientalists in introducing the Prophet Muhammad - may God bless him and grant him peace - and his Sunnah, by introducing the efforts of the Italian Orientalist Laura Vecia Vagleri, and what she referred to in her book entitled (Defense of Islam) of fabrications about Islam and the Prophet Muhammad, may God bless him. Where the slanders and lies that were propagated about the Prophet - Muhammad, may God bless him and grant him peace - were refuted with the aim of distorting his image, and inducing people to hate the Islamic religion and prevent its spread. As researchers, scholars, and thinkers, we seek to protect ourselves from the menstruation of the Prophet - may God bless him and grant him peace - and explain the disadvantages and justifications of those who offend his honorable person, and explore his fragrant biography, and what he added to all humanity in terms of goodness and elevation, and elevating the status of a Muslim human that no individual in another religion has attained. What are the theses or accusations represented by some Orientalists, and others, that were refuted by the Italian Orientalist Laura Vecchia Fagleri through her book Defense of Islam . Therefore, the importance of research is evident in introducing these efforts and refuting the slanders that are broadcast and promoted about the Prophet Muhammad - may God bless him and grant him peace - as the research is a scientific addition that helps clarify these efforts and refute the fabrications about the person of the Holy Prophet. The research relied on the historical method and the descriptive analytical method.

Contemporary Readings of Sahih Al-Bukhari Its Schools, its Starting Points, Examples of its Challenges at Sahih

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 372-402
Author(s):  
Medebbeur Halim
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Method ◽  
Scientific Paper ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Comprehensive View ◽  
General Methodology ◽  
The People ◽  
Deductive Method ◽  
The Status ◽  
The One ◽  
Modern Era

Sahih al-Bukhari is considered the most important hadith reference among Sunnis, and by this the importance of the study related to it appears, and the sahih has been of high standing throughout the ages. But in the modern era, he began to delve into it in terms to the inappropriateness of his hadiths in protest, and this scientific paper will monitor the features of contemporary readings by stating their methods, types, and derivation. The importance of the study: on the one hand the need to know these contemporary reading to monitor them and highlight their role in challenging the Sahih and the Sunnah in general. Methodology of the study: the paper relied on the inductive analytical method by collecting data and analyzing it according to the nature of the study. With the use of the deductive method by taking a comprehensive view of these contemporary readings. Problem the study: what are the most important contemporary readings of Sahih al-Bukhari as a stab and insult? What are types, methods, and derivation of these readings? What are the applied images outlined in the appeal against Sahih al- Bukhari? To answer this, it was necessary to develop five sections. Namely: the status of Sahih al-Bukhari among the people of hadith, the emergence of contemporary readings of Sahih al-Bukhari, the most important contemporary schools of contention in Sahih al-Bukhari, pictures of conclusion with findings and recommendations. The results of the paper are represented in the necessity to pay attention to all the sciences of the Sunnah, to intensify studies on Sahih al- Bukhari, and the call to establish a global scientific center to monitor and confront contemporary readings of the Sunnah.

scholarly journals Criminal Liability for Provoking Bribery

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (69) ◽  
pp. 492-512
Author(s):  
Oksana Stepanenko ◽  
Andriy Stepanenko ◽  
Maryna Shepotko
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Public Relations ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Quantitative Indicators

In modern conditions of development of public relations complication of activity of law enforcement agencies is observed. This is due to new challenges in the law enforcement system, including the fight against high levels of the organization and the criminal professionalism of corrupt individuals. Because of this, it is challenging for operational units to identify specific facts of illegal actions with the help of operational and investigative measures. At the same time, the fight against crime by establishing high quantitative indicators of disclosure remains one of the principles of law enforcement in Ukraine, including sometimes deviating from those means established by law. Therefore, the problem of provoking bribery is relevant for scholars of the legislator and law enforcement. The object of the study is criminal liability for provoking bribery. The research methodology consists of such methods as the dialectical method, analytical method, historical method, method of analysis of legal documents, articles, and monographs, method of generalization, comparison, synthesis, and modeling method. The authors identified the features of such liability to clarify the problematic issues of qualification of provoking bribery, and to distinguish the distinctive features of prosecution from other types of crimes.

scholarly journals Pergulatan Aliran Kepercayaan dalam Panggung Politik Indonesia, 1950an-2010an: Romo Semono Sastrodihardjo dan Aliran Kapribaden

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Aryono Aryono
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Constitutional Law ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Central Java ◽  
The Status ◽  
Identity Card ◽  
Unity In Diversity ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
The Government

This article discusses about the efforts of creeds religion flourished to maintain their existence since the 1950s until the late 2010’s in Indonesia. Using historical method, this article found the interesting facts about the struggle of creeds religion in political stage of Indonesia. In 1953, for example, the Ministry of Religion Affairs noted that there were 360 groups protected by the government according on the Constitutional Law 1945 Article 29. After the tragedy of 1965, migration of members to the religions took place. When Soeharto became president, these groups was allowed to flourish. However, they got discrimination and always being watched. The new hope was arose in 2006, when the government issued Law No. 23/2006 about Population Administration, although it still requires to fill the religious column in national identity card (KTP). In the end 2017, the Constitutional Court issued a fatwa related to the status of religious column in KTP of the creeds religion. This condition also encompassed to Aliran Kapribaden’s Romo Semono Sastrodiharjo in Purworejo, Central Java. This discrimination must be terminated, in the name of unity in diversity.

scholarly journals Architecture typology of a British-era colonial schools at the World Heritage Sites of Georgetown and Melaka: Impact on heritage building conservation sector

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 01004
Author(s):  
Muhammad Adam Che Yusof ◽  
A Ghafar Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Architectural Style ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
World Heritage Sites ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
The Status ◽  
Heritage Building ◽  
Building Conservation

Colonial schools are among the most valuable and precious treasures from the British administration era. The architectural characteristics of the schools contain a wealth of meaning and philosophy in each of the building details that is not found in modern schools nowadays. However, in this era of rapid development, the status of colonial schools is unclear in terms of their heritage status and significance towards society or even the authorities. Moreover, some colonial schools that are now overshadowed by new buildings that were built inside of the school compound and its surrounding. Besides, the local authorities themselves are lacking on the documentation of colonial schools in terms of their value, and the principles behind the architectural style of the colonial schools that could prove beneficial to many parties later as a reference. This article will outline the method to handle this issue besides suggesting a relationship between the value of the colonial architecture and its history at both heritage sites of Georgetown and Melaka. Besides that, we will also classify different colonial schools according to their architectural style. To ensure the objectives are achieved, qualitative methods will be applied including several approaches such as descriptive method, historical method and content analysis method. Hence, this research can serve as a reference point and documentation, especially for conservation purposes of colonial schools. In addition, the local authorities can also improve their Conservation Management Plan (CMP) by adding a colonial schools sector for conservation work and later guidelines. This research will hopefully also encourage the younger generation on the importance of skills and knowledge in the heritage building conservation sector.

scholarly journals Greek mercenaries in Sais Egypt

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-19
Author(s):  
Vladimir Il'ich Shubin
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Social Origin ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Greek Colonization ◽  
Greek World

This article is dedicated to examination of the history of emergence of Greek mercenaries during the riling time of XXVI Sais Dynasty. The author reviews the status and role of Greek mercenaries in the armed forced of Sais rulers, organization of their service and living conditions. Considering the fact that the use of Greek mercenaries in Egypt army was a part of the traditional policy of Sais rulers and carried mass character, the author refers to the problem  of social origin of the phenomenon of mercenarism in the Greek society of Archaic era. The research applies comparative-historical method that allows viewing the phenomenon of mercenarism in the historical context – based on the comparative data analysis of ancient written tradition. By the time of Sais Dynasty, control over regions that traditionally provided mercenaries to the Egypt army was lost. Under the circumstances, in order to compensate such losses, Egypt conscripted into military service the hailed from the Greek world. Mercenaries became the first Greeks settled on the Egyptian land. The conclusion is made that the Greek colonization, in absence of other ways to enter the formerly closed to the Greeks Egypt, at its initial stage manifested in such distinct form.

scholarly journals The General Features and Status of the Illumination Art in the Great Seljuk Period

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-158
Author(s):  
Parisa Sahafiasl
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Method ◽  
Decorative Arts ◽  
Islamic Art ◽  
The Arts ◽  
The Status ◽  
Geometric Arrangements ◽  
Historical Periods

The most important reason for the enrichment of decorative arts (especially illumination art) in Islamic societies in various periods is the prohibition of depiction in Islam. The art of illumination, which was mostly used to decorate the Qur'an in different historical periods of Iran, including the Great Seljuk period, was influenced by the arts of previous periods and became a source of creativity and inspiration for Muslims and sometimes non-Muslim artists in other countries. This research was carried out in order to examine the status and general characteristics of illumination art during the Great Seljuk period. The descriptive-analytical method was used in the research. As a result, during the Great Seljuk period, the Qur'an manuscripts were made of paper instead of leather. The richness of motifs, patterns and colours, the use of various colours and geometric arrangements draw attention to the illuminations of this period. According to the results of this study, the most important illumination examples of the Great Seljuk period were used in the Quran manuscripts. In these manuscripts, it is seen that motifs such as schemes, six and eight-pointed stars and golden circles are used to decorate the headlines (serlevha pages), the heads of the sura, the interlines and zahriye parts. In addition, the illumination samples of the Great Seljuk period positively affected the later periods, especially the Ilkhanid and Memlukid periods, as well as all other arts. Great Seljuk elegant illumination samples with the beauty of their patterns, the order and delicacy of the motifs and the use of colours are masterpieces of Islamic art.

scholarly journals Characteristics of the disbelievers in the first Surah Al - Baqarah - An analytical study: صفات الكافرين في أول سورة البقرة - دراسة تحليلية

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salah Ali Muqden
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Method ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Word Of God ◽  
The Status

    The Quran is the first source, which is the word of God, which is incapable of all creation of the type, and hence the status of the science of interpretation because it relates to the book of God, and the status of analytical study in the Koran, and the highlight of the Quranic miracle in most aspects was the reason for my choice for this subject In order to know the characteristics of the unbelievers came the research entitled (qualities of the unbelievers in the first Surah Al-Baqarah - an analytical study) It is written in accordance with the analytical method by its known and reliable steps, which is very important because the research shows the faces of Quranic miracles in all its developed aspects, especially reliance on sources and references in the presentation of opinions in interpretation and interpretation. The most prominent opinion was the interpretation of some places and things that bear Opinion, particularly in the stereotypical-graphical-stylistic subjects.    

scholarly journals Nasab Anak Luar Kawin Pasca Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 46/PUU-VIII/2010

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Achmad Irwan Hamzani
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Court Decision ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Islamic Religion ◽  
The Status ◽  
Illegitimate Children

Constitutional Court Decision No. 46/PUU-VIII/2010 granted the petition Machica Mochtar, who is married with Moerdiono the Islamic religion in accordance, but not recorded. If the marriage was born a boy named Mohammed Iqbal Ramadan. After the decision of the Court, the status of illegitimate children has a civil relationship with his father and his father’s family. Child outside  marriage  include  children born of the marriage legitimate religion, but not recorded, and the children born from adultery. According to Islamic law, the Constitutional Court’s decision is appropriate when applied to the child of a valid marriage according to religious but not registered. Meanwhile, when applied to children outside marriage, adultery result, the Court’s decision is contrary to Islamic law.

THE LEGAL – POLITICAL POSITION OF THE ISLAMIC RELOGIOUS COMMUNITY IN THE KINGDOM OF SCS JUGOSLAVIA (1918-1935)

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 2459-2466
Author(s):  
Rejhan Mandak
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Religious Community ◽  
Peace Treaty ◽  
Muslim Population ◽  
Islamic Religion ◽  
The Status ◽  
Court Proceedings ◽  
Marital Disputes ◽  
The 19Th Century

The position and organization of the Islamic religious community of Muslims in the newly formed Kingdom of SCS in different parts of the country were set differently. The Islamic religion in the Kingdom of Serbia during the second half of the 19th century, up to the World War I, had the status of a recognized religion, but not equal to the Orthodox one. Up to the First Balkan War, Islam had the same status in Macedonia. After the Balkan Wars (1912–1913), the Ottoman rule ceased in Macedonia, Kosovo and Sandjak. The new territories were added to the Kingdom of Serbia and Montenegro. In these areas, the Muslim population was significant in numbers, so the question of their religious and civil-legal status was raised. These questions were also entered into the content of the Peace Treaty, signed between the Kingdom of Serbia and the Ottoman State on 14th March, 1914, in Istanbul. The Constantinople Agreement envisioned establishment of an entire religious organization of Muslims in the Kingdom of Serbia. The head of Muslims for the Kingdom of Serbia was the Supreme Mufti seated in Nis, and later in Belgrade, and in each Muslim-populated district there would be a mufti, which had local religious, administrative, educational and judicial power over the Muslim population. One of the characteristic of the Muslims in Vardar Macedonia, as well as in Kosovo and Sandjak, is that the religious and sharia-judicial functions were merged in one person – the mufti. With the Decree on the organization of courts and court proceedings in the incorporated areas in old Serbia, (referring to Macedonia, Kosovo and Sandjak) from 7th June, 1914, the jurisdiction of the mufti also included marital disputes of Muslims, disputes over support, guardianship and its obligations, as well as the emancipation of young people.

PRAVNI OKVIRI EKONOMSKOG KORIŠĆENjA KASPIJSKOG MORA

2021 ◽  
pp. 83-98
Author(s):  
Milan Palević ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
Legal Aspect ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
International Agreements ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Economic Exploitation ◽  
The Status

The main goal of this research is to present the legal framework that determines the manner and scope of exploitation of natural resources in the Caspian region. This goal was achieved by analyzing the relevant international agreements applied in this geographical area, using the historical method. Then, the relevant international agreements and customs that are applied to the status issues of the sea and lakes, which are important for defining the legal regime of reference for regulating the use of these waters and their resources, are analyzed. In this part of the analysis, a comparative method was mostly used, which compared the provisions contained in universal international treaties with the provisions contained in regional international treaties. The main results of the research, in the part related to the status determination of the Caspian water basin, is that none of the known concepts for determining the status can be fully applied to it, that it contains elements of the closed sea, and elements of the border lake and elements condominium, and that all this together potentially represents elements of a new unique concept. In the part of the paper that refers to the legal framework of exploitation of the observed area, the main conclusion is that the most reference norms for its determination are contained in regional instruments that regulate the issue of environmental protection because they direct the manner and scope of economic exploitation. The limitations of this research are first of all that of several aspects of the status determination of the observed area, it is limited only to the legal aspect, and that it is limited to the analysis of the impact of environmental norms on the subject of research.

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