scholarly journals Tramadol injection as dosage form -Induced deterioration in reproductive performance of male rabbits

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-55
Author(s):  
Abtisam SA ◽  
Osama HA ◽  
Nosiba EB ◽  
Fayrouz AK
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Dosage Form ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Percent Level ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Target Tissue ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Sperm Volume

Injections are usually more expensive than tablets, but they may be required less often since they are more concentrated, whereas a person may need to take a tablet more regularly, thus consuming a large volume. when we administer a drug via oral rout ,its meant to be absorbed by stomach or intestinal mucosa ,but its so happens that, gastric acid, food ,other drugs and many other factor come into the play and retarded the drug absorption ,metabolized in intestinal mucosal cells even before it can reach to liver or target tissue(first-pass metabolism)thus decrease the effective amount reaching to circulation, Now, a drug given through injection reaches circulation at cent percent level and show prompt action which is earnestly required at the moment ,it also decrease the dose and systemic side effects . also the tablets formulation contain the excipient like filler ,diluents for the purpose of long -term stabilization ,bulking up tablet formulations making concentration of drug less in tablets and need more dose to give the therapeutic action. Tramadol is a potent analgesic effective in the treatment of mild to severe pains. However, the use of the drug can pose a threat to other organs and systems. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the effect of tramadol injection as dosage form on reproductive parameters in male rabbits. Tenth rabbits were randomly divided into two equal groups (each group five rabbits). The first group was used as a control. The second group was used to study the effect of tramadol (50 mg/kg body weight) for six weeks. Results obtained showed that tramadol significantly (P<0.05) decreased libido (by increasing the reaction time), ejaculate volume, sperm concentration ,total sperm output, sperm motility (%), total motile sperm per ejaculate (TMS), packed sperm volume (PSV), total functional sperm fraction (TFSF), normal and live sperm and semen initial fructose. While initial hydrogen ion concentration (pH) and dead and abnormal sperm were increased (P<0.05). Live body weight (LBW) and relative weights of testes (RTW) were significantly (P<0.05) decreased. Concentrations of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) were significantly (P<0.05) increased in plasma of rabbits treated with tramadol compared with control. The study showed the harmful effects of tramadol on the reproductive performance on male rabbits. Keywords: Tramadol Injection; Rabbits; Semen; Testosterone

Recloned transgenic pigs possess normal reproductive performance and stable genetic transmission capacity

Zygote ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zubing Cao ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Xiao Wen ◽  
Zhiyuan Li ◽  
Changsheng Mi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Transmission Capacity ◽  
Transgenic Pigs ◽  
Genetic Transmission ◽  
Sperm Volume ◽  
Transgenic Embryos ◽  
Green Fluorescent

SummaryThe present study investigated whether a recloning procedure would affect the reproductive performance or the germline transmission capacity of recloned transgenic pigs. This study has also laid the foundation for the development of elite transgenic swine breeds in the future. Recloned transgenic pigs were developed from ear tissue fibroblasts of primary transgenic cloned pigs using a recloning procedure, and their reproductive performance and exogenous gene transmission were analyzed. Two transgenic cell lines with different genetic backgrounds (derived from a female miniature pig and a male Landrace pig) with stable expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP) were established successfully. Furthermore, recloned transgenic embryos were developed to full term successfully. One female Chinese experimental miniature piglet (CEMP) (GFP+) and three male Landrace piglets (GFP+) were delivered naturally. Furthermore, the index values for the reproductive characteristics of the recloned transgenic pigs, such as puberty, gestation period, sperm volume and sperm concentration, were not significantly different from those of conventionally bred pigs. In addition, 53% of the F1 offspring of the recloned transgenic pigs were GFP positive. These results demonstrate that ear tissue fibroblasts from primary transgenic cloned pigs efficiently support the full-term development of recloned transgenic embryos. Furthermore, recloned transgenic pigs maintain normal reproductive performance and stable germline (genetic) transmission capacities.

scholarly journals Physical properties of stallion semen in relation to some qualitative and quantitative characteristics

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 97-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Šárka Hanuláková ◽  
Ondřej Mamica ◽  
Ladislav Máchal ◽  
Ivo Křivánek ◽  
Radek Filipčík ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Dynamic Viscosity ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Additional Measure ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative

A growing number of diagnostic methods lead to a perfection of the semen evaluation of stud animals. An elementary semen examination and a careful health assessment have always been the most important part of a stud stallion evaluation. The aim of this experiment was to find the relationship between some qualitative and quantitative semen characteristics and the electrical conductivity and dynamic viscosity of semen. The possible use of the semen physical properties as an additional measure of the semen evaluation in stallions was considered. The electrical conductivity ranged between 0.32 S.m­−1 and 0.55 S.m−1 with the total mean value 0.38 ± 0.04 S.m−1. The dynamic viscosity varied between 88.0 mPa.s−1 and 189.0 mPa.s−1 and the mean value was 130.19 ± 37.3 mPa.s−1. The analysis revealed a highly significant positive linear correlation between the electrical conductivity of semen and the sperm concentration in the ejaculate (rp = 0.69; P ≤ 0.01). Significant negative correlations were found between the electrical conductivity and the ejaculate volume (rp = −0.38; P ≤ 0.05). The electrical conductivity was positively linearly correlated to the sperm motility (rp = 0.42; P ≤ 0.05). The dynamic viscosity of the semen was negatively correlated to the hydrogen ion concentration only (rp = −0.46; P ≤ 0.05).

scholarly journals Effect of Glycyrrhizin glabra in nutrient on sexual desire and semen parameters of bulls born in Iraq during winter

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (0A) ◽  
pp. 98-104
Author(s):  
كريم عويد البدري
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Sexual Desire ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Abnormal Sperm ◽  
Semen Characteristics ◽  
Group Control ◽  
And Control ◽  
Artificial Vagina

The aim of this study is to investigate the sexual desire and semen characteristics of Friesian bulls born in Iraq by adding different concentration of Glycyrrhizin glabra to nutrient of these bulls and study the interaction between months and these treatments. Nine bulls divided randomly to three equal groups ,first group control T1 ,second and third group T2 ,T3 adding 200,400 mg/ kg body weight of Glycyrrhizin glabra respect .Sexual desire was measured according to reaction time and ejaculates collection by artificial vagina and examined using the following parameters: volume, mass, individual motility ,dead and abnormal sperm , concentration of sperms`/ml and total number of sperms , during December, January and February. Results revealed that the treatment T3 showed significant (P < 0.05) superior sexual desire and some semen characteristics in most month of this study comparative with treatment T2 and control , but treatment T2 it is didn’t appear to causes deleterious changes in reproductive performance of this bulls . Results also indicated that best (P < 0.05) sexual desire was in February and best (P < 0.05) some semen parameters were in January and February

INVESTIGATION OF BEE BREAD AND DEVELOPMENT OF ITS DOSAGE FORMS

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilze Barene ◽  
Irena Daberte ◽  
Sanita Siksna
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Stability Study ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Wet Granulation ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Bee Bread ◽  
Layer Chromatography

The aim of the study. The objective of this study was to investigate microscopic, physical and chemical properties of bee bread collected in three regions of Latvia in order to compare the quality and to investigate the possibility of producing granules containing bee bread. Material and methods. Microscopic analysis of bee bread samples was performed. Plant herbaria, special literature and internet sources were used for identification of pollen. Thin layer chromatography was used for identification of carotenoids and flavonoids. Granules were prepared by wet granulation method. Lactose, calcium lactate, calcium carbonate, potato starch and purified water were used as excipients. Appearance, loss on drying, pH of aqueous solution and content of carotenes were estimated. Results. Microscopic analysis showed mostly native pollen identified as willow pollen. Beta-carotene identified and 2 carotenoids found by thin layer chromatography. Two zones of flavonoids found on chromatograms at day light and 6 zones at ultra violet light. The comparison of bee bread samples of 3 regions of Latvia showed insignificant differences in appearance and consistency, hydrogen ion concentration 3.93–4.23, loss on drying 7.72–11.07 %; content of carotenes calculated to bcarotene 6.77–9.35 mg%. Stability study of bee bread samples showed greater changes after storage at 40ºC temperature. All compositions of granules showed appropriate appearance and flowability. Quality of granules: loss on drying 5.48–13.5%, content of carotenes calculated to b-carotene 5.77–6.75 mg%. Conclusions. Pollen of willow can be considered as an indicator of the origin of bee bread in Latvia. Bee bread samples of three regions of Latvia have insignificant differences in physical, chemical parameters.

Hydro-geochemical properties with respect to landuse in the southernmost river of Kerala

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Badusha M. ◽  
Santhosh S
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Geochemical Properties ◽  
Quality Of Water

The hydro geochemical features of Neyyar River for a period of one year from May 2015 to April 2016 were analyzed. Six sampling sites were fixed considering physiography and present landuse pattern of the river basin. The residents in the drainage basin are primarily responsible for framing a better landuse and thereby maintain a good water and sediment regime. Geospatial pattern of the present landuse of the study area indicated that the sustainability of this river ecosystem is in danger due to unscientific landuse practices, which is reflected in the river quality as well. The parameters such as hydrogen ion concentration, electrical conductivity, chloride, Biological Oxygen Demand, total hardness and sulphate of river water and Organic Carbon of river bed sediments were analyzed in this study. The overall analysis shows that the highland areas are characterized by better quality of water together with low organic carbon, which is mainly due to better landuse and minimal reclamation. The midland and lowland areas are characterized by poor quality of water with high organic carbon, which is due to high anthropogenic activities and maximum pollutants associated with the region together with the alteration in landuse from a traditional eco-friendly pattern to a severely polluted current pattern.

EFFECTS OF SOIL ACIDITY ON RHIZOBIA NUMBERS, NODULATION AND NITROGEN FIXATION BY ALFALFA AND RED CLOVER

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. RICE ◽  
D. C. PENNEY ◽  
M. NYBORG
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Rhizobium Meliloti ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments

The effects of soil acidity on nitrogen fixation by alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) were investigated in field experiments at 28 locations, and in greenhouse experiments using soils from these locations. The pH of the soils (limed and unlimed) varied from 4.5 to 7.2. Rhizobia populations in the soil, nodulation, and relative forage yields (yield without N/yield with N) were measured in both the field and greenhouse experiments. Rhizobium meliloti numbers, nodulation scores, and relative yields of alfalfa decreased sharply as the pH of the soils decreased below 6.0. For soils with pH 6.0 or greater, there was very little effect of pH on any of the above factors for alfalfa. Soil pH in the range studied had no effect on nodulation scores and relative yields of red clover. However, R. trifolii numbers were reduced when the pH of the soil was less than 4.9. These results demonstrate that hydrogen ion concentration is an important factor limiting alfalfa growth on acid soils of Alberta and northeastern British Columbia, but it is less important for red clover. This supports the continued use of measurements of soil pH, as well as plant-available Al and Mn for predicting crop response to lime.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document