INFLUENCE OF SORPTION-DETOXICATING COMPLEXES ON CUMULATION OF CADMIUM AND LEAD IN THE ORGANISM OF WHITE RATS WITH COMBINED INTAKE OF RADIONUCLIDES AND TOXIC ELEMENTS

Author(s):  
L. L. Zakharova ◽  
◽  
G. A. Zhorov ◽  
V. N. Obryvin ◽  
M. Yu. Krol ◽  
...  

The article presents the results of the evaluation of the influence of complex sorption-detoxifying agents on the accumulation of Cd and Pb in the organism of white rats with their combined intake with 137Cs and 90Sr radionuclides. The efficiency of a number of selective and polyfunctional sorbents, detoxicants and other biologically active substances and sorption-detoxifying complexes developed on their basis as means of efferent therapy, detoxification and correction of the immune status of animals was studied. It was determined that the combined administration of several sorbents, sulfur or its compounds, mineral-vitamin and some other biologically active substances into organism of rats increased the sorption of Cd and Pb in the gastrointestinal tract, reducing their accumulation in organs and tissues. The efficiency of sorption of Cd was observed at the level of 65,5–71,9%, of Pb – at the level of 58,9–79,4% in the liver; in the kidneys did not exceed 50%, and for muscles reached 80–90% for both Cd and Pb. In accordance with the obtained results, the use of the tested agents in the form of sorption-detoxifying complexes which are included in the animal ration as feed additives is optimal and effective way to reduce the accumulation of Cd and Pb in the organism of white rats with their combined intake with 137Cs and 90Sr.

Author(s):  
Lyubov L. Zakharova ◽  
◽  
Natalia A. Brichko ◽  
Georgy А. Zhorov ◽  
Viktor N. Obryvin ◽  
...  

The environmental consequences of technogenic pressure pose a real threat to the health of the population and animals. The main danger to humans is the presence of pollutants of radiation and chemical nature in food. The production of animal products that meet the regulatory requirements, and the ensure of veterinary and sanitary welfare in regions with increased anthropogenic load is impossible without the use of effective methods of reduce the intake and accumulation of pollutants in the organism of animals. Therefore, in areas with a difficult environmental situation, when performing general detoxification, it is necessary to use a wider range of pharmacological agents, including antioxidants, immunomodulators, vitamin and mineral supplements and other biologically active substances that compensate for the negative effects that develop in the body as a result of exposure to harmful ecological factors, contribute to the restoration of health, increase the productivity of farm animals and product quality. In this regard, the combined use of anti-toxic and biologically active substances in the composition of sorption-detoxifying complexes is rational. As a result of testing the effectiveness of seven samples of sorption-detoxifying complex compositions in terms of their effect on the accumulation of Cd and Pb in the body of white rats, it was found that studied formulations reduce their intake to organs and tissues by 1.2-2.9 times, depending on the composition of the detoxifier, both separately and with the presence of heavy metals when combined with radioactive substances in the feed.


Author(s):  
G.А. Zhorov ◽  
◽  
L.L. Zakharova ◽  
V.N. Obryvin ◽  
◽  
...  

For correctly assess the effectiveness and safety of the use of sorption-detoxifying agents and feed additives intended for animals receiving feed with an excess content of toxicants, it is necessary to take into account the background levels of radionuclides, toxic elements, pesticides and other technogenic and natural pollutants in the studied substances. The need for such studies is due both to the existence of areas with a naturally elevated level of natural toxicants in the sources of raw materials for the production of additives and drugs, and to the increasing anthropogenic influence, accompanied by the entry of xenobiotics into environmental objects. In series of radiometric studies, the specific activity of technogenic and natural radioactive isotopes (90Sr, 137Cs, 40К, 226Ra, 232Th) in a number of sorption-detoxifying and biologically active substances and preparations used in animal husbandry and veterinary medicine as part of feed additives and pharmacological agents was determined. It was found that in 43% of the studied samples, the level of specific activity of 1,1Sr in 3-90 times higher than allowed by the current standards. The maximum level of 90Sr, equal to (137±9) Bq/kg, was detected in perlite. The specific activity of 137Cs did not exceed the permissible level: in mineral sorbents its amount reached (40±7) Bq/kg, in organic and complex sorbents – (24±4), and in feed additives – (29±8) Bq/kg. The maximum levels of 40K were (1429±83) Bq/ kg in minerals (radionite) and (2613±100) Bq/kg in organic substances (lignohumate). The levels of 226Ra and 232Th did not exceed (153±13) and (79±13) Bq/kg, respectively, and were higher in the mineral samples.


Author(s):  
V. O. Velichko

Analysis of literature data and the results of our own research show that even with intensive rearing of animals with the use of balanced feeding and keeping them in accordance with the technology - it is almost impossible to avoid stress. And especially, excessive man-made load on agroecosystems also has a negative impact on animal life. Factors that cause a decrease in immune status and the emergence of immune pathology in animals include: industrial technology of animal husbandry, chemicalization in crop and livestock production, man-made pressure, dietary imbalance in nutrients and biologically active substances. This increases the impact on the body of heavy metals, which displace nutrients from body tissues, in particular trace elements and replace them in metabolic processes, which is a potential prerequisite for the development of oxidative stress. The mechanism of development of stress reaction of an organism is closely connected with activity of POL (lipid peroxidation) and depression of antioxidant potential. Under these conditions, the ability of the organism to mobilize protective and adaptive capabilities in response to the action of negative factors becomes especially important. Keeping productive animals in adverse conditions, unbalanced feeding are components of immobilization stress, which reduces their productivity, affects reproductive function, metabolic and functional disorders, reducing nonspecific and specific resistance of the organism (Fedoruk & Kravtsiv, 2003; Velychko, 2008; Velychko, 2011). Under conditions of man-caused load on the environment, respectively, and animals – it is promising to develop effective methods for regulating the activity of the enzymatic system of antioxidant protection with the help of biologically active substances, in particular trace elements. The results of research confirm that this has a positive effect on the formation of productive and adaptive properties of animals. The system of antioxidant protection is a necessary part of non-specific reactions of the organism, a component of the processes of its adaptation to environmental conditions, a component of normal life, a factor in maintaining homeostasis. Widespread immunodeficiency and elucidation of the main links of their pathogenesis have exacerbated the problem of regulating disorders of the immune system. Therefore, knowledge of the patterns of formation of the immune status of animals, especially in the early postnatal period, is important in the development of methods for the correction of immunodeficiency, antioxidant protection.


Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2806
Author(s):  
Stanislav Sukhikh ◽  
Lyudmila Asyakina ◽  
Maxim Korobenkov ◽  
Liubov Skrypnik ◽  
Artem Pungin ◽  
...  

Medicinal plants (Cotinus coggygria, Dactylorhiza maculata, Platanthera chlorantha) growing in various territories (Kaliningrad, Moscow, and Minsk regions) were the objects of research. This paper presents a study of the chemical composition of these plants. To analyze the qualitative and quantitative composition of biologically active substances, the method of high-performance liquid chromatography was used. Atomic absorption spectrometry was used to study the content of trace elements. The content of organic acids and vitamins was determined by capillary electrophoresis using the Kapel-105/105M capillary electrophoresis system with high negative polarity. Extracts of medicinal plants were obtained on a Soxhlet apparatus using 70% ethanol as an extractant. It was found that among the biologically active substances in the plants under discussion, hyperoside, rutin (C. coggygria), Ferulic acid and Gallic acid (D. maculata), triene hydrocarbon (3,7-Dimethyl-1,3,6-octatriene), unsaturated alcohol (3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-ol), and benzyl acetate (P. chlorantha) prevailed. Samples of these medicinal plants contained trace elements (phosphorus, potassium, calcium, sodium, magnesium, and sulfur) and many aliphatic organic acids (succinic acid, benzoic acid, fumaric acid, citric acid, oxalic acid, and tartaric acid). The largest amount of biologically active substances and secondary metabolites of the studied plants from the Eastern Baltic is associated with climatic and ecological differences from other regions. The composition of these plants determines the potential of their use in feed additives for livestock and poultry as part of measures to improve the quality of livestock products. The use of medicinal plants for the production of feed additives is relevant in terms of improving regional economies, as well as improving the quality of life and nation’s health by providing ecologically clean livestock products.


Author(s):  
A.S. Baimukhambetova ◽  
◽  
M.A. Egorov ◽  
A.K. Azhikova ◽  
D.K. Magzanova ◽  
...  

In an experiment on white rats, the regenerating effect of biologically active substances of plant species growing in the Astrakhan region was shown: Achillea micrantha Willd., Helichrysum arenarium, Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Helichrysum nogaicum Tzvel. The article presents data from planimetric studies of damaged skin. The results obtained make it possible to consider extracts as the basis of tissue repair stimulants, as well as to recommend them as anti-inflammatory and wound healing agents.


Author(s):  
A. R. Farkhutdinova ◽  
M. T. Sabitov

The modern agricultural market offers a wide range of products designed for a highly effective and most importantly safe increase in growth indicators, the level of development and the degree of productivity of domestic animals. The leading role in achieving the highest quality result is played by a competent choice of feed additives. The purpose of the research was to study the use of a feed additive based on biologically active substances (BAS) in the fattening of steers. The effect of the feed additive based on a natural, balanced, natural complex of biologically active substances such as vitamins B, C, PP, tryptophan (with oral administration bioavailability reaches 90 %), antioxidants, essential and free amino acids, enzymes and trace element salts on the growth and development of young cattle of Black-and-White breed has been studied. The steers of the control group received the main diet, and the animals of the experimental group in addition to the main diet received the feed additive consisting of vitamins, amino acids, antioxidants, enzymes and trace element salts. It has been found by the studies that the use of the test feed additive based on BAS provides an improvement in the digestibility and assimilation of nutrients in the diet, which contributed to the increase in the average daily live weight gain in the experimental group by 263 g or 25 %, the decrease in feed consumption for 1 kg of gain and the improvement in blood biochemical parameters, such as inorganic phosphorus, AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase within physiological norms. In order to balance the diets of 9-monthold steers by biologically active substances and improve the physiological and biochemical status, the digestibility of nutrients that contribute to the increase in the average daily weight gain, it is recommended to use the feed additive based on BAS with drinking water.


Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1330
Author(s):  
Stanislav Sukhikh ◽  
Svetlana Noskova ◽  
Svetlana Ivanova ◽  
Liubov Skrypnik ◽  
Artem Pungin ◽  
...  

The medicinal plant Dactylorhiza maculata (L.) Soó (family Orchidaceae) is used to treat gastritis, colic, gastrointestinal tract, and bladder diseases. This study aimed to investigate the properties and characteristics of the in vitro Dactylorhiza maculata extract. The recommended parameters for producing Dactylorhiza maculata extract were determined: temperature 60 °C, process duration 60 min, hydro module 1:10. It is recommended to carry out the extraction using an aqueous ethyl alcohol solution with a mass fraction of the parent substance of 70%. It was found that such biologically active substances as rutin, quercetin, 3,3’,4’,5,5’,7-hexahydroxyflavonone, 3,3’,4’,5,5’,7-hexahydroxyflavonone-3-O-glycoside, gallic acid, and ferulic acid were dominant in Dactylorhiza maculata. A high phosphorus content was noted (2410.8 mg/kg dry matter). The studied Dactylorhiza maculata samples contained a large number of organic acids and water-soluble vitamins. The tested extracts were safe in terms of the content of heavy metals, pesticides, aflatoxin B1, and radionuclides, as well as pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms; the content was significantly lower than the threshold limit values. The studied complex of biologically active substances from Dactylorhiza maculata extract samples had antimicrobial properties. It was found that the antioxidant activity of the samples was 217.89 ± 10.89 mg AA/g (AA—ascorbic acid). The high content of bioactive substances and the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of Dactylorhiza maculata extract samples determine the application potential of this plant as a substitute for growth stimulants and feed antibiotics in the production of feed additives, aiming to increase the physiological and immune status of livestock and poultry.


ÈKOBIOTEH ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 525-530
Author(s):  
N.A. Vinogradova ◽  
◽  
A.Z. Glukhov ◽  

The article presents the results of determining the content of flavonoids, anthocyanins, tannins and ascorbic acid in the leaves of Cotinus coggygria Scop, growing under conditions of varying degrees of technogenic pollution. The conformity of the leaves of C. coggygria, collected in the Donetsk region, to the requirements of regulatory documentation for the content of active substances was evaluated. The content of cadmium and lead in the plant materials was determined; its environmental safety was evaluated.


Author(s):  
М.В. ЛУКЬЯНЕНКО ◽  
Р.В. КАЗАРЯН ◽  
Т.В. ВАНИЦКАЯ ◽  
Е.В. КУЗЬМИНОВА ◽  
М.П. СЕМЕНЕНКО ◽  
...  

Для интенсификации производства животноводческой продукции и повышения ее качества необходимо обогащать рацион сельскохозяйственных животных и птицы кормовыми добавками, содержащими комплекс биологически активных веществ. Исследованы образцы комплексной кормовой добавки, содержащей масляную композицию БАВ в-каротина, витаминов Е и С, жидкого рапсового лецитина и селена, и пробиотическую добавку (ПД) Целлобактерин в соотношениях соответственно от 1 : 1 до 1 : 5. Установлено, что при соотношении масляная композиция БАВ : ПД Целлобактерин 1 : 3 количество пробиотической культуры Enterococcus faecium 1-35, содержащейся в ПД Целлобактерин, в опытном образце достигает максимального значения 6,4 Ч 105 КОЕ/г. При этом обеспечивается равномерное распределение масляной композиции БАВ на поверхности ПД. В опытах in vivo определена эффективность применения комплексной добавки с установленным соотношением компонентов для нормализации обменных процессов в организме животных. Доказано, что введение в рацион лабораторных крыс опытной группы многокомпонентной кормовой добавки в количестве 3 к основному рациону (ОР), контаминированному микотоксинами, позволяет достичь опережения прироста массы тела на 15-е и 45-е сутки эксперимента на 6,45 и 33,05 соответственно снижения содержания мочевины в сыворотке крови на 58,43 по сравнению с аналогичными показателями у животных контрольной группы, получавших только ОР. Степень снижения аланинаминотрасферазы и аспартатаминотрансферазы по отношению к аналогичным показателям контрольной группы составила 18,53 и 29,89 соответственно. Следовательно, комплексная кормовая добавка при соотношении масляная композиция БАВ : ПД Целлобактерин 1 : 3 обладает ярко выраженными гепатопротекторными и антитоксическими свойствами. Enriching the diet of farm animals and poultry by feed additives containing a complex of biologically active substances is necessary to intensify the production of livestock products and improve their quality. Samples of a complex feed additive containing an oil composition of BAS в-carotene, vitamins E and C, liquid rapeseed lecithin and selenium, and a probiotic additive (PA) Cellobacterin in ratios from 1 : 1 to 1 : 5 respectively were studied. It was found that the ratio of the oil composition of BAS : PA Cellobacterin 1 : 3 respectively the amount of probiotic culture Enterococcus faecium 1-35 contained in PA Cellobacterin in the experimental sample reaches a maximum value 6,4 Ч 105 CFU/g. In this case, the distribution of BAS oil composition on the PA surface is uniform. The effectiveness of using a complex additive with a set ratio of components to normalize metabolic processes in animals was determined in in vivo experiments. It is established that introduction in a diet of laboratory rats of the experimental group multicomponent feed additive in an amount of 3 to the basic ration (BR), contaminated with mycotoxins, can achieve compared to the same indicators in animals of the control group who received only the BR, the timing of weight gain on 15-th and 45-th day of the experiment by 6,45 and 33,05 respectively reduction of urea content in blood serum at 58,43. The degree of reduction of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in relation to similar indicators of the control group was 18,53 and 29,89 respectively. Therefore, a complex feed additive with the ratio of oil composition of BAS : PA Cellobacterin 1 : 3 has pronounced hepatoprotective and antitoxic properties.


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