Analysis of energy and protein value of haylage from annual herbs in the Republic of Tatarstan

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
E. O. Krupin ◽  
◽  
A. R. Khairullina ◽  
A. T. Sabirzyanova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Norm Values ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Agroclimatic Zones

The article describes a retrospective analysis of the dynamics of energy and protein nutritional value of 555 samples of haylage from annual grasses selected in various agroclimatic zones of the Republic of Tatarstan in the period from 1993 to 2018. Studies have established a tendency for a slight decrease in the concentration of metabolizable energy in dry matter of haylage. The long-term average value of the level of exchange energy was 8,92 MJ/kg, which is 3,84% higher than the norm. The maximum content of exchangeable energy was established in 1996 (9,85 MJ/ kg). The minimum content was revealed in 2007 and amounted to 8,61 MJ/kg. The average long-term value of the concentration of net lactation energy in dry matter of haylage was 2,00 MJ/kg, which is 1,52% higher than the norm. The highest content of net energy of lactation was noted in 1996 and amounted to 3,14 MJ/kg, which is higher than the long-term average and the norm values by 57,00 and 59,39%, respectively. The lowest value was found in 2003, when the deviation from the norm was –27,23%. The content of digestible protein in 1 kg of dry matter of haylage from annual grasses tended to increase slightly. The average long-term value for this indicator was 89,19 g/kg, which is 20,74% higher than the norm. Only in 1996, the content of digestible protein was below the norm and amounted to 71,57 g/kg. The highest content was revealed in 2015 – 107,38 g/kg, which is 20,39 and 45,36% higher than the average long-term value and the value of the norm, respectively.

scholarly journals Trends of the energy and protein value of hylage from legumes in the Republic of Tatarstan

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-48
Author(s):  
Evgeny Olegovich Krupin ◽  
Marsel Sharipzyanovich Tagirov ◽  
Adelya Ayratovna Askarova
Keyword(s):  
Energy Level ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Perennial Legumes

The results of the analysis of the dynamics of energy and protein nutritional value of haylage from perennial legumes harvested from plant raw materials in the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan in the period from 1993 to 2018 are described. The long-term average value of the studied indicator was 9.52 MJ / kg, which is 5.54% higher than the norm. The highest content of exchangeable energy was noted in 1996 - 9.67 MJ / kg, which is 1.58% higher than the long-term average. The lowest content of exchangeable energy was established in 2009 (9.36 MJ / kg). The long-term average value of the net energy level of lactation was 1.96 MJ / kg, which is 9.68% higher than the norm. The maximum was observed in 2017 and amounted to 2.17 MJ / kg, and the minimum - in 2001 (1.65 MJ / kg), when it was 23.97% below the norm. It was found that the average long-term value of the level of digestible protein in haylage was 111.31 g / kg, which is 1.78% higher than the norm. The highest content of digestible protein was found in 2010 (17.21%). The smallest value was recorded a year earlier, in 2009 and amounted to 95.64 g / kg, which, respectively, is lower than the average long-term value and the value of the norm by 14.08 and 12.56%, respectively.

scholarly journals TRENDS OF CHANGE IN ENERGY AND PROTEIN VALUE OF CORN SILAGE IN THE RE-PUBLIC OF TATARSTAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 246 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-111
Author(s):  
E.O. Krupin ◽  
◽  
Sh.K. Shakirov ◽  
N.A. Kazeeva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Vegetable Raw Materials

The purpose of the work was to assess the dynamics of energy and protein nutritional value of corn silage harvested from vegetable raw materials on the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan. The results of a retrospective analysis of the dynamics of metabolic energy, net energy of lactation, digestible protein in dry matter of 560 samples of corn silage taken in various agro-climatic zones of the Republic of Tatarstan in the period from 1993 to 2018 are presented. The research was car-ried out in the department of agrobiological research of the Tatar Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences. It was found that the con-tent of metabolic energy and net energy of lactation did not change during the study period. The long-term average value was 9.87 MJ / kg and 1.44 MJ / kg, respectively. Revealed the dynamics of increasing the content of digestible protein. The long-term average value of this indicator was 61.19 g / kg, which is 32.21 % higher than the norm.

scholarly journals Dynamics of energy and protein nutritional value of roughage in the Republic of Tatarstan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.O. Krupin ◽  
Sh.K. Shakirov ◽  
M.Sh. Tagirov ◽  
A.R. Khairullina ◽  
A.A. Askarova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Average Content ◽  
Average Deviation ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
The Republic

The aim of the research was to analyze the dynamics of the energy and protein nutritional value of hay from cereal and leguminous herbs produced in the Republic of Tatarstan in the period from 1993 to 2018. The results of analysis of 560 samples of hay from different agroclimatic zones of the republic are presented. It was found that in the dry matter of both cereal and leguminous hay, the content of metabolizable energy practically did not change. The average content of metabolic energy in 1 kg of dry matter of cereal hay was 7.92 MJ / kg. The average deviation from the norm was minus 2.62%. The average content of metabolizable energy in 1 kg of dry matter of legume hay was 9.65 MJ / kg, which is 21.84% higher than in cereal hay. The average excess of the norm for this indicator was 13.77%. The level of net energy of lactation in cereal hay remains unchanged throughout the study, and for legumes there is a slight tendency to increase this indicator. The average value of the net energy content of lactation in 1 kg of dry matter of cereal hay was 3.72 MJ / kg, which deviates from the norm by minus 23.95%. The average content of net energy of lactation in 1 kg of dry matter of legume hay was 4.51 MJ / kg, which is 21.24% higher than in cereal hay. The deviation from the norm for the entire studied period of time was minus 8.34%. In the period from 1993 to 2018, a tendency for an increase in the content of digestible protein in dry matter was established, more pronounced in legume hay. The average long-term content of digestible protein in 1 kg of dry matter of cereal hay was 62.64 g / kg, while in legume hay its content was 70.10% higher (106.55 g / kg). The average deviation of this indicator from the norm in cereal hay was 15.04%, and in legumes - 8.51%.

Control of Downy Brome (Bromus tectorum) with Herbicides and Perennial Grass Competition

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom D. Whitson ◽  
David W. Koch
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Downy Brome ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Russian Wildrye

Long-term control of downy brome with an integrated approach is needed in order to sustain range productivity. Studies were conducted to study the effectiveness of a combination of downy brome control practices. In two studies, glyphosate and paraquat were evaluated at various rates for up to three successive years for control of downy brome in rangeland. A third study evaluated the competitiveness of perennial cool-season grasses against downy brome in the absence of herbicides. Glyphosate, at 0.55 kg/ha, and 0.6 kg/ha paraquat provided selective downy brome control on rangeland when applications were combined with intensive grazing. Downy brome control was greater than 90% following two sequential years of 0.6 kg/ha paraquat at either the two- to eight-leaf stage or bloom stage at both study locations. At one study location, 0.55 kg/ha glyphosate provided 97% control after the first application at both growth stages. In the second study, control averaged greater than 92% following three sequential applications of glyphosate. When perennial cool-season grasses were seeded in the spring following fall tillage (no herbicides) and allowed to establish for three growing seasons, three of the five species were effective in reducing the reestablishment of downy brome. ‘Luna’ pubescent wheatgrass, ‘Hycrest’ crested wheatgrass, ‘Sodar’ streambank wheatgrass, ‘Bozoisky’ Russian wildrye, and ‘Critana’ thickspike wheatgrass controlled 100, 91, 85, 45, and 32% of the downy brome, respectively. Yields of perennial grass dry matter were 1,714, 1,596, 1,135, 900, and 792 kg/ha. Replacing noncompetitive annual grasses with competitive cool-season perennials will provide a longer term solution to a downy brome problem than the use of herbicides alone or with intensive grazing.

Evaluation of the National Research Council (NRC) nutrient requirements for beef cattle: Predicting feedlot performance

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 787-792
Author(s):  
E. K. Okine ◽  
D. H. McCartney ◽  
J. B. Basarab
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Research Council ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Feeder Cattle

The accuracy of predicted CowBytes® versus actual dry matter intake (DMI) and average daily gain (ADG) of 407 Hereford × Angus and Charolais × Maine Anjou (445.6 ± 36 kg) feeder cattle using digestable enery acid detergent fiber (DE) estimated from the (ADF) content [Laboratory analysis method (LAB)] and from values determined in vivo (INVIVO method) was examined. The diet consisted of a 73.3% concentrate diet, 22.0% barley silage, 1.6% molasses, and 3.1% feedlot supplement fed ad libitum (as-fed basis). The calculated DE values of the feed were used to predict the metabolizable energy (ME), net energy of maintenance (NEm), and net energy of gain (NEg) of the diet. These energy values were then used in CowBytes® to predict dry matter intake (DMI), ADG, and days on feed (DOF) necessary to meet targeted quality grade of AA and weights of 522 and 568 kg for the heifers and steers, respectively. There was no effect of gender and prediction method interaction (P > 0.10) on any of the variables measured. There were no (P > 0.05) differences in predicted DMI by either the INVIVO or LAB method but both methods underestimated DMI actually consumed by the cattle by 6.8 and 4.9% (P = 0.007), respectively. Indeed, regression values from these predictive methods and actual DMI were (P < 0.05) different from the one-to-one relationship expected by definition. In spite of the higher actual DMI, the actual ADG of the cattle was 14 and 11% (P = 0.0004) lower than was predicted by either the INVIVO or LAB methods. A possible reason for the lower ADG could be an overestimation of DE of the diet. Thus, if available, users of CowBytes® should use actual DMI from their experience in ration formulation. In addition, the effects of environmental temperature on digestibility of diets should be taken into consideration when using the DE of the diet as determined from in vivo digestibility trials or calculated from chemical analyses in determining the DMI of feedlot cattle. Key words: Beef cattle, performance, CowBytes®, National Research Council

Determination of the yield characteristics and in vitro digestibility of barley forage harvested in different vegetation periods

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehtap Guney ◽  
Cagri Kale ◽  
Duran Bolat ◽  
Suphi Deniz
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Seed Formation

This study planned to determine the differences among nutrient composition, in vitro digestibility, energy content, digestible dry matter and organic matter yields of barley forage harvested at three different stages of maturity. Each vegetation period (heading stage, seed formation stage and mature stage) was randomly assigned to 5 replication from 1 square meter area and fifteen samples were harvested in total. DM, ADF (p<0.001), and NDF (p<0.05) contents were different in each stages of barley forage. In vitro dry matter (IVDMD), organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), metabolizable energy (ME), and net energy for lactation (NEL) values of samples were determined to be lower than the other two stages at the mature stage (p<0.05). Yield parameters of barley were significantly affected by vegetation period (p<0.001). It can be concluded that all three vegetation period had significantly higher digestibility. Digestible DM, OM and energy yields were higher when harvested at the mature stage of vegetation.

The utilization of the dietary energy of pangola and setaria by young growing beef cattle

1982 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Tudor ◽  
D. J. Minson
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Initial Energy ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Lower Efficiency ◽  
Tropical Grasses

SUMMARYThe net energy values for growth and fattening of two artificially dried tropical grasses-, pangola (Digitaria decumbens) and setaria (S. sphacelata var. sericea cv. Nandi), of similar estimated metabolizable energy content (8·07 and 7·96 MJ/kg D.M.) were determined with cattle using a slaughter technique. Growing cattle with a mean initial weight of 175 kg were given equal quantities of dry matter of the two grasses at each of three planes of nutrition above maintenance for a period of 152 days.The initial energy, fat and protein content of the total body of the 24 test animals was estimated from regressions relating fasted live weight to theśe components, derived from 12 similar cattle slaughtered at the beginning of the feeding period. The final energy, fat and protein content of the test animals was determined directly by chemical analysis. The metabolizable energy (ME) content of the grasses was estimated from the level of digestible energy (DE) determined with eight cattle, assuming that ME = 0·815 DE.The cattle fed pangola gained more live weight, empty-body weight, fat, protein and energy than animals fed similar quantities of setaria. The net energy value for growth and fattening (NEf) was determined using regressions relating energy retention to the quantity of dry matter eaten. NEf in MJ/kg dry matter was 2·27 for pangola and 1·31 for setaria.Efficiency of utilization of ME for growth and fattening (kf) was.27·7% for pangola and 16·9% for setaria. These values for tropical grasses are lower than any values reported for temperate pasture species. Thus the lower efficiency of utilization of ME may cause the lower production of cattle which graze tropical grasses.It was concluded that as the kf values of different tropical grasses are not constant, kf values should be measured on a wider range of tropical grasses so that this factor can be taken into account when evaluating grasses in animal production systems.

scholarly journals Detecting Long-Term Dry Matter Yield Trend of Sorghum-Sudangrass Hybrid and Climatic Factors Using Time Series Analysis in the Republic of Korea

Agriculture ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Befekadu Chemere ◽  
Jiyung Kim ◽  
Baehun Lee ◽  
Moonju Kim ◽  
Byongwan Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Sorghum Sudangrass

Despite the gradual increase in livestock feed demands, the supply faces enormous challenges due to extreme climatic conditions. As the presence of these climatic condition has the potential to affect the yield of sorghum-sudangrass hybrid (SSH), understanding the yield variation in relation to the climatic conditions provides the ability to come up with proper mitigation strategies. This study was designed to detect the effect of climatic factors on the long-term dry matter yield (DMY) trend of SSH using time series analysis in the Republic of Korea. The collected data consisted of DMY, seeding-harvesting dates, the location where the cultivation took place, cultivars, and climatic factors related to cultivation of SSH. Based on the assumption of normality, the final data set (n = 420) was generated after outliers had been removed using Box-plot analysis. To evaluate the seasonality of DMY, an augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test and a correlogram of Autocorrelation Function (ACF) were used. Prior to detecting the effect of climatic factors on the DMY trend, the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model was fitted to non-seasonal DMY series, and ARIMA (2, 1, 1) was found to be the optimal model to describe the long-term DMY trend of SSH. ARIMA with climatic factors (ARIMAX) detected significance (p < 0.05) of Seeding-Harvesting Precipitation Amount (SHPA) and Seeding-Harvesting Accumulated Temperature (SHAMT) on DMY trend. This does not mean that the average temperature and duration of exposure to sunshine do not affect the growth and development of SSH. The result underlines the impact of the precipitation model as a major factor for the seasonality of long-term DMY of SSH in the Republic of Korea.

scholarly journals  Nutritive value of red clover and lucerne forages for ruminants estimated by in vitro and in vivo digestibility methods

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 454-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Homolka ◽  
V. Koukolová ◽  
M. Podsedníček ◽  
A. Hlaváčková
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Model Expression

The aim of this study was to determine the nutrient and energy levels of red clover and lucerne forage. Investigation of forage at different maturity stages of three growths was carried out by chemical analysis, in vitro and in vivo digestibility methods.&nbsp; Generally, maturation caused a significant increase in fibre fractions. With the increasing maturity of forage samples the in vivo, in vitro, and calculated in vivo (in vivo<sub>calcul</sub>) digestibilities of organic matter (OM) linearly decreased. The in vitro and in vivo<sub>calcul</sub> digestibilities of OM averaged 0.754 and 0.708 for red clover and 0.717 and 0.667 for lucerne, respectively. The in vivo OM digestibility averaged 0.710 for red clover and 0.666 for lucerne. Gross energy (GE), digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME), net energy for lactation (NEL), and net energy for growth (NEG) averaged 18.12, 12.41, 9.60, 5.67, 5.50 and 18.09, 11.56, 9.01, 5.26, 4.99 MJ/kg of dry matter for red clover and lucerne, respectively. The effect of a vegetative stage on energy values of both forages was diverged for various growth times. When data were pooled across the estimated season, seven cutting-specific equations for descriptions of GE, DE, ME, NEL, NEG, in vitro, and in vivo OM digestibilities were obtained for red clover and lucerne, separately. The red clover model expression gave similar prediction equations for lucerne. It was possible to predict cutting-specific equations with coefficients of determination R<sup>2</sup> &gt; 0.719 for red clover and R<sup>2</sup> &gt; 0.400 for lucerne of the variation in GE, DE, ME, NEL, and NEG. The in vitro and in vivo OM digestibility equations were predicted with R<sup>2 </sup>being 0.840 (in vitro) and 0.707 (in vivo) for red clover, and 0.979 (in vitro) and 0.937 (in vivo) for lucerne. The parameters of these specific equations were statistically preferable than the general model expression which included both forages together. &nbsp;

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