Changes in the biochemical composition and the numbers of somatic cells in cow milk during the summer period of animal keeping

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 72-79
Author(s):  
A. A. Savina ◽  
◽  
O. A. Voronina ◽  
S. Yu. Zaytsev ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Amperometric Method

The aim of the work was to study the main biochemical parameters, including the measurements of the total amount of water-soluble antioxidants by the amperometric method, milk samples and the number of somatic cells in the milk of black-and-white cows in the summer period of animal keeping. In the work, the total amount of water-soluble antioxidants (TAWSA) was assessed by the amperometric method (on the TsvetYauza 01-AA device) and the average values of the component composition of milk for two groups of cows, which were formed by the number of somatic cells (NSC). Milk of mastitis cows causes food poisoning, that is why two groups were formed according to the NSC values: 1) less than 100 thousand units/ml; 2) from 100 to 700 thousand units/ml, in milk samples of black-and-white cows of the Moscow region that was used as raw material. The TAWSA values for 11 samples of milk from cows in group 1 ranged from 20,9 mg/g to 41,4 mg/g (average value 27,8±5,1 mg/g); mass fraction of fat (MFF) – 4,95±0,80%; protein mass fraction (PMF) – 3,13±0,27%; milk yield is about 20,5±4,1 L/day. Found correlations between TAWSA and the following parameters of milk: MFF – –0,25; PMF – +0,30; SOMO – –0,39; milk yield – +0,146. The TAWSA values for 16 milk samples of cows in group 2 ranged from 18,8 mg/g to 29,5 mg/g (average value 23,6±2,1 mg/g); MFF – 4.77±0.39%; PMF – 3,36±0,22%; milk yield about 20,0±3,1 L/ day. Found correlations between TAWSA and the following parameters of milk: MFF – –0,37; PMF – +0,11; SOMO – –0,32; milk yield – –0,12. The data obtained are of great importance both in assessing the physiological and biochemical status and the state of the antioxidant defense system of the cow’s organism.

The relationship between antioxidant activity and the component composition of milk of black-and-white cows in the winter-stall period

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 86-96
Author(s):  
A. A. Savina ◽  
◽  
O. A. Voronina ◽  
L. P. Ignatieva ◽  
N. V. Bogolyubova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Component Composition ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Amperometric Method

The aim of the work was to study the component composition of milk of black-and-white cows in the winter-stall period and its main biochemical parameters. In this work, the total amount of water-soluble antioxidants (TAWSA) was assessed by the amperometric method (using "TsvetYauza 01-AA" device) and the average values of the milk component composition for four groups of cows, which were formed by the number of somatic cells (NSC) found in their milk. Milk of mastitis cows causes food poisoning that is why 1 groups were formed according to the NSC values: 200) less than 2 thousand units/ml, 200) from 499 to 3 thousand units/ml, 500) from 999 to 4 thousand units/ml and 1000) more than XNUMX thousand units/ml for milk samples of black-and-white cows of the Moscow region, which was used as raw material. The TAWSA values for 33 milk samples from cows in group 1 ranged from 6,80 to 27,91 mg/g (mean value 15,95±3,70 mg/g). The correlations between TAWSA and the following parameters of milk: mass fraction of fat (MFF) – 0,305; protein mass fraction true (PMF1) and total (PMF2) – 0,197 and 0,210; lactose – 0,156; dry fat-free milk residue (FFMR) – 0,276; total dry matter (TDM) – 0,399; freezing point (FP) – 0,112; pH – 0,114; the number of somatic cells (NSC) – (–0,052) are found. The TAWSA values for 15 milk samples from cows in group 2 ranged from 10,46 to 18,99 mg/g (average value 14,45±3,50 mg/g) are found. The correlations between TAWSA and the following parameters of milk: MFF – 0,332; PMF1 and PMF2 – 0,296 and 0,303; lactose – (–0,308); FFMR – 0,159; TDM – 0,391; FP – 0,226; pH – (–0,211); NSC – 0,193. The TAWSA values for 13 milk samples of cows in group 3 ranged from 10,46 to 18,99 mg/g (average value 16,04±3,60 mg/g) are found. The correlations between TAWSA and the following parameters of milk: MFF – (–0,352); PMF1 and PMF2 – (– 0,411) and (–0,401); lactose – (–0,166); FFMR – (–0,462); TDM – (–0,504); FP – (–0,766); pH – (–0,047); NSC – (–0,698). The TAWSA values for 12 milk samples from cows in group 4 ranged from 5,80 mg/g to 20,30 mg/g (average value 14,58±3,50 mg/g) are found. The correlations between TAWSA and the following parameters of milk: MFF – 0,159; PMF1 and PMF2 – 0,046 and 0,077; lactose – (–0,317); FFMR – (–0,237); TDM – 0,058; FP – (–0,036); pH – (–0,477); NSC – (–0,072) are found. These data obtained are of great importance both in assessing the physiological-biochemical status and the state of the antioxidant defense system of the cows' organism.

scholarly journals Milk protein polymorphism in Swiss dairy cattle

1993 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 423-429
Author(s):  
Fawzy Taha ◽  
Zdenko Puhan
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Allele Frequencies ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Brown Swiss ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Brown Cattle ◽  
Simmental Cattle ◽  
Β Lactoglobulin

Individual cow milk samples from (a) 208 original Swiss Simmental (OSS), (b) 220 of their crosses (Simmental cattle = FV) with American Red Holstein (RH), (c) 215 original Swiss Brown (OSB) and (d) 390 of their crosses (Brown cattle = BV) with American Brown Swiss (BS) were genotyped for the variants of milk caseins (Cn) and β-Lactoglobulin (β-Lg). In addition, the association between κ-Cn genotypes and milk yield was studied. Reasonable differences in the allele frequencies were found between the breeds. Compared to pure-bred OSS, crossing with RH resulted in a decrease in the frequencies of αs1-Cn C, β-Cn B and κ-Cn B and in an increased frequency of β-Lg B. Within OSB, increased crossing with BS resulted in a decrease in the frequencies of αs1-Cn C and β-Cn B and in increased frequencies of κ-Cn B and β-Lg B. A significant association between the κ-Cn locus and milk yield could only be shown for the OSS breed.

The correlation between dairy productivity traits in the herd of holsteinized cows of Black and White breed

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
N. Fedoseeva ◽  
V. Usov ◽  
D. Shepinyev
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
High Positive Correlation ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Mass Fractions ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Coeffi Cients ◽  
Correlation Coeffi

It is important to study the nature of the association between the characteristics of milk productivity in breeding work with cattle. The purpose of the researches was to study the correlation between the traits of milk productivity in the herd of holsteinized cows of Black-and-White breed. A signifi cant low negative correlation r=–0,108 (P < 0,01) and r=–0,125 (P < 0,001) has been found between the traits of milk yield and the mass fractions of fat and protein for the 1st lactation. It should be noted that for the 1st, 2nd lactations and on average for the fi rst three lactations between the mass fractions of fat and protein a reliable average positive correlation has been determined from r=0,512 (P < 0,001) to r=0,565 (P < 0,001), for the 3rd lactation a high positive correlation has been found r=0,613 (P < 0,001). It has been found for all three lactations that milk yield had high, positive and reliable correlation coeffi cients with milk fat yield from r= +0,958 (P < 0,001) to r=+0,974 (P < 0,001) and milk protein yield from r=+0,995 (P < 0,001) to r=+0,997 (P < 0,001). This can serve as an indicator of possible eff ective selection based on these characteristics. In order to determine the infl uence of sires on the content of mass fractions of fat and protein in the milk of their daughters, the degree of correlation of these characteristics has been studied. Correlation coeffi cients between milk yield and fat mass fraction were negatively low from r=–0,139 (P < 0,01) to r=–0,280 (P < 0,05). The correlation between milk yield and protein mass fraction has been found from the average negative value of r=–0,372(P < 0,05) to the positive low indicator – r=+0,234 (P < 0,001). The correlation coeffi cients have been obtained for milk productivity indicate the individual characteristics of individual sires.

Milk productivity of cows depending on their origin on genealogical line

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
M. V. Voronov ◽  
N. A. Fedoseeva ◽  
T. N. Pimkina ◽  
O. V. Gorelik
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
White Breed ◽  
The Difference

The improvement of cattle of Black-and-White breed by mating of maternal stock with the sires of Holstein breed continues at the present time. Therefore, breeding in pedigree farms for the production of milk is carried out including the use of Holstein lines. The purpose of the work was to assess the milk productivity of cows of Black-and-White breed, with a high proportion of blood in Holstein breed, depending on their linear origin. In the herd of the breeding farm where the research has been carried out, the lines Reflection Sovereign 198998 and Wes Ideal 933122 occupy the dominant position in terms of the specific weight of cattle, followed by the line Montwick Chieftain 95679. The difference in milk yield between groups of cows of different lines was from 3,0 to 354 kg or 0,04 to 4,6 %. The highest milk yield was shown by the first-calf heifers of the line Wes Ideal 933122 – 7787±123,21 kg. In the milk of the first-calf heifers of the line Pabst Governor 882933 compared with herdmates of other lines the increased content of fat and protein has been noted,. The difference in the mass fraction of fat in milk was significant in favor of Pabst Governor 882933 cows (P ≤ 0,01–0,001). There was also the significant difference in the mass fraction of fat in milk between the groups of cows of the lines Montwick Chieftain 95679, Reflection Sovereign 198998 and Wes Ideal 933122 in favor of the latter at P ≤ 0,05–0,01. A definite association between milk yield and the mass fraction of fat in milk has not been established. There is a pattern of the positive association between the mass fraction of fat and the mass fraction of protein in milk and it is clearly seen that with the increase in the mass fraction of fat in milk, there is the increase in the mass fraction of protein.

scholarly journals Milk flow, teat morphology and subclinical mastitis prevalence in Gir cows

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 1507-1512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Aurélio de Felicio Porcionato ◽  
Weber Vilas Boas Soares ◽  
Carolina Barbosa Malek dos Reis ◽  
Cristina Simões Cortinhas ◽  
Lucinéia Mestieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Ultrasound Scanning ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Milk Flow ◽  
The Right ◽  
Teat Canal

The aim of this work was to evaluate the association between milk flow, teat morphological measurements and subclinical mastitis prevalence in Gir cows. Eighty cows in the 2nd and 3rd lactations, with 90 to 200 days of lactation, were divided according to milk flow during milking into fast or slow groups. Teat morphometry was assessed by ultrasound scanning of the right anterior teat and external measurements. Milk samples were collected for somatic cells count (SCC) and microbiological culture. The effect of milk flow during milking was evaluated by analysis of variance of milk yield, SCC, morphometry and external measurements. The association of morphometry and external measurements of the teats with the SCC and microorganisms found in milk were analysed. Milk flow was significantly correlated to milk production. Gir cows with slower milk flow had longer teat canal and greater milk yield, in comparison to cows with fast milk flow. Teat-end to floor distance influenced SCC of Gir cows. Prevalence of subclinical mastitis and the type of mastitis-causing pathogens were not affected by milk flow during milking

scholarly journals The Relationships between Somatic Cells and Isoleucine, Leucine and Tyrosine Content in Cow Milk

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Ianni ◽  
Paola Sechi ◽  
Alessandro La Mantia ◽  
Lucia Pucciarini ◽  
Emidio Camaioni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Phase Method ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Group I

The early diagnosis of cow subclinical mastitis represents a pivotal factor for a prompt and adequate animal treatment. Although several methods are available, the somatic cells count (SCC) still remains the elective test directly carried out on milk samples. In mastitis affected cows (even at subclinical stages), altered concentrations of specific metabolites, including free amino acids, is a well-known occurrence. In order to define the relationships between the variation of the unbound amino acids content with the SCC value, a direct ion-pairing reversed-phase method based on the use of the evaporative light-scattering detector (IP-RP-HPLC-ELSD) was applied to 65 cow milk samples. The statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) was pursued in order to find a correlation between the SCC value and the concentration of isoleucine (Ile), leucine (Leu), valine (Val) and tyrosine (Tyr). Samples were divided in two groups according to their SCC value: Group I comprised all ones with SCC < 400,000 cells/mL; Group II encompassed those with a SCC > 400,000 cells/mL. Statistical analyses highlighted significant differences in the content of the branched-chain amino acids Ile and Leu, between the two groups (p < 0.02* and <0.005**, respectively). This study confirms that a dysmetabolism of certain free amino acids parallels elevated SCC values.

scholarly journals Inheritance of allelic variants of the kappa-casein gene by cows

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 00059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radik Shaidullin ◽  
Gazimzyan Sharafutdinov ◽  
Anastasia Moskvicheva ◽  
Tagir Faizov ◽  
Yusupzhan Yuldashbaev
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Allelic Variants ◽  
Casein Gene ◽  
Black And White ◽  
White Cattle ◽  
Pcr Diagnostics

The inheritance of allelic variants of the kappa-casein gene from bulls with different genotypes and their influence on the milk production of daughters were studied. For research, PCR diagnostics of daughters in the herds of black-and-white cattle at the farms “Azeleevo” and “Vakhitovo” (OJSC “Red East Agro”) was carried out, the fathers were two bulls LADDIE 135797213 with a genotypes CSN3 AB and LOMAX 10785322 with a genotype CSN3 BB. Based on the results of genotyping, the frequency of occurrence of genotypes AA, AB, BB kappa-casein and allelic variants A and B in daughters was calculated. The bull with the CSN3 AB genotype produced the largest number of offspring with the CSN3 AA genotype 50.0-51.8 %, and the bull with the homozygous BB genotype produced 24–25 % of daughters carrying the BB variant and 75 -76 % of the AB genotype. The frequency of occurrence of the Kappa-casein allele in the daughters of bulls with the genotype CSN3 BB was 0.63, which is almost 2 times more than the allele A. When comparing heifers with the same genotype (CSN3 AB), it was found that at the Azeleevo farm, the daughters of the bulls having the genotype BB of kappa-casein are superior to cows born from bulls with the genotype AB by the milk yield (+36 kg), mass fraction of fat and protein (+0.01 %), the amount of milk fat (+2 kg) and protein (+2 kg). In the group of first-calf heifers with the BB genotype, daughters of the producer with the BB genotype are superior by the milk yield (+ 175 kg), the mass fraction of fat in milk (+0.1 %), the amount of milk fat (+12 kg), the mass fraction of protein in milk (+0.09 %), the amount of milk protein (+11 kg). At the Vakhitovo farm, similar results in the group of CSN3 AB heifers born from the bulls with the BB genotype was observed

scholarly journals Multivariate regression analysis of dairy characteristics of Holstein cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 214 (11) ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
Galina Karlikova ◽  
A. Konte
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Factor Regression

Abstract. The purpose of the research is the possibility of applying the equation of multiple two-factor regression to reveal the reliable conjugacy of signs affecting the level of milk productivity of Holstein cows. Research methods. The research was carried out in CJSC BP “Aksin’ino” of Stupinskiy district of the Moscow region. Based on the IAS “SELEX”, a database was created, including a sample of 11 017 heads. Data on milk productivity were taken for 305 days of 1st, 2nd, 3rd and maximum lactation. Results. For 305 days of the 1st lactation, milk yield averaged 7909.5 kg of milk, for the 2nd – 8289.1 kg (p ≤ 0,001) and the 3rd lactation – 8446.2 kg (p ≤ 0,001). Milk yield for maximum lactation was 8964.3 kg of milk (p ≤ 0.001). The fat and protein content in cow milk between the 1st and 3rd lactation is 4.03–4.08 and 3.22–3.23 %. The multiple two-factor regression coefficient represents the response bias from 7787.81–8239.00 (1st, 2nd, 3rd lactation) to 8841.63 (maximum lactation). The scattering diagrams of the multiple regression model show that the value of the variable "milk yield" is statistically dependent on the indicators of the mass fraction of fat and the mass fraction of protein in milk. The coefficient of determination at the level of 0.997–0.998 indicates that the regression equation explains 99.7–99.8 % of the variance of the effective feature. The significance of Fischer’s F-test indicates the high reliability of the results and the absence of randomness and the presence of a pattern justified in our study. The fat and protein content had a negative relationship with milk yield (p ≤ 0,001) by lactation. High values of the relationship between milk yield and protein content (–0.518…–0.766), fat and protein content (0.626–0,784) were obtained. Scientific novelty. For the first time, studies were conducted on the correspondence of the equation model to the experimental data obtained, and the presence of the number of independent variables (mass fraction of fat and protein) included in the equation to describe the dependent variable (milk yield).

scholarly journals Correlations between the number of somatic cells and qualitative and quantitative parameters of milk depending on the stage of lactation of cows from the Bulgarian black and White breed

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 969-974
Author(s):  
T. Ivanova ◽  
V. Gaidarska ◽  
Ts. Harizanova
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Quantitative Parameters ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
White Breed

The study was conducted to establish correlations between the number of somatic cells and quantitative and qualitative parameters in the milk of cows from the Bulgarian Black and White breed. 819 numbers of individual milk samples were tested. The controls were conducted in spring-summer period (April - September) of 2009. The controlled parameters were milk fat (%), total protein (%), somatic cell count (number / ml), milk fat (kg) and milk protein (kg). Distribution in groups: depending on the stage of lactation - up to the 120th day of the lactation (n = 292) and after the 120th day (n = 527) and according to the level of somatic cells in milk- up to 400000 somatic cells / ml, from 400000 to 500000 somatic cells/ml and more than 500000 somatic cells/ml. Relationship between the studied parameters is represented by the values of linear correlation. The results show that there are from moderate to high positive correlations between the amount of milk yield per day of quantitative parameters milk fat and milk protein per day for the three levels of somatic cells. Correlation coefficients between the amount of milk yield per day and quality parameters - % milk fat and % of total protein per day for the three levels of somatic cells were negative and moderate. The relationship between the number of somatic cells in milk and quantitative and qualitative parameters is low.

Realization of the potential of cows of Holstein breed of different generations in terms of productive traits

2021 ◽  
pp. 28-35
Author(s):  
O. V. Nazarchenko ◽  
A. N. Rusanov
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Productive Traits

Breeding work with dairy cattle in the Kurgan region is aimed at breeding animals that combine the adaptive properties and valuable traits of cattle of Black-and-White breed with a high proportion of genes of Holstein breed. Such animals are characterized by high productivity and suitability for intensive technology of their housing. The purpose of the research was to determine the indicators of milk productivity of first-calf heifers of different generations of Holstein breed, imported to the pedigree farms of the Kurgan region, as well as to determine the degree of realization of the genetic potential of animals. Scientific research has been carried out in the herd of CJSC “Glinka” (Kurgan), where highly productive cattle of Black-and-White and Holstein breeds are bred. The subject of research was the first-calf heifers of the imported Holstein breed of German selection of different generations, as well as the herdmates of Black-and-White breed. It has been found that the realization of the genetic potential for milk yield in Holstein cows of German breeding was higher and amounted to 76,4 %, in cows of Black-and-White breed 69,9 %. The highest milk yield for 305 days of lactation has been observed in the second generation of Holstein heifers 8905 kg, which exceeded the milk yield of herdmates of the second and third generations by 113 kg or 1,26 % and 174 kg or 1,95 %, respectively. The mass fraction of fat in German Holsteins of different generations ranged from 3,99 to 4,21 % (P < 0,001), while the mass fraction of protein in the milk of first-calf heifers varied slightly in the range from 3,18 to 3,20 %. In terms of live weight, the animals of the third generation slightly exceeded the herdmates of the 1st and 2nd generations by 19 kg or 3,25 % and 20 kg or 3,43 %, respectively. The largest profit has been received from the first-generation first-calf heifers of Holstein breed of German selection, where the level of profitability of milk production was 50,7 %, which was higher than that of the herdmates of the second and third generations by 3,9 and 7,9 %, respectively.

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