scholarly journals Features of the course of depressive disorders in children and adolescents with neurological disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 84-87
Author(s):  
Iemiliia Mykhailova ◽  
Tetiana Matkovska ◽  
Dmytro Mitelyov
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Therapeutic Intervention ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Recurrent Depression ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Key Word ◽  
Clinical Variants

The research represents a clinical and psychopathological assessment of the phenomenology of symptoms and clinical variants of children depression in the age aspect. The signifi cance of comorbidity phenomenon in depression formation and course is determined. Clinical, social-psychological, biological factors of children depression formation and recurrent course are systematized. The search for objective markers of depression and causes of children recurrent depression at diff erent stages of child ontogenetic development can be used for the timely diagnosis of these disorders and the strategy of eff ective therapeutic intervention and psychoprophylaxis of aff ective disease progression in adolescence. Key word: depression, comorbility with neurological diseases, children, adolescents

scholarly journals The mystery of claustral neural circuits and recent updates on its role in neurodegenerative pathology

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir N. Nikolenko ◽  
Negoriya A. Rizaeva ◽  
Narasimha M. Beeraka ◽  
Marine V. Oganesyan ◽  
Valentina A. Kudryashova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Functional Relation ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Anatomical Location ◽  
Rewarding Behavior

Abstract Introduction The claustrum is a structure involved in formation of several cortical and subcortical neural microcircuits which may be involved in such functions as conscious sensations and rewarding behavior. The claustrum is regarded as a multi-modal information processing network. Pathology of the claustrum is seen in certain neurological disorders. To date, there are not enough comprehensive studies that contain accurate information regarding involvement of the claustrum in development of neurological disorders. Objective Our review aims to provide an update on claustrum anatomy, ontogenesis, cytoarchitecture, neural networks and their functional relation to the incidence of neurological diseases. Materials and methods A literature review was conducted using the Google Scholar, PubMed, NCBI MedLine, and eLibrary databases. Results Despite new methods that have made it possible to study the claustrum at the molecular, genetic and epigenetic levels, its functions and connectivity are still poorly understood. The anatomical location, relatively uniform cytoarchitecture, and vast network of connections suggest a divergent role of the claustrum in integration and processing of input information and formation of coherent perceptions. Several studies have shown changes in the appearance, structure and volume of the claustrum in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), autism, schizophrenia, and depressive disorders. Taking into account the structure, ontogenesis, and functions of the claustrum, this literature review offers insight into understanding the crucial role of this structure in brain function and behavior.

Microbiota-Immune System Interactions in Human Neurological Disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 509-526
Author(s):  
Qin Huang ◽  
Fang Yu ◽  
Di Liao ◽  
Jian Xia
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies

: Recent studies implicate microbiota-brain communication as an essential factor for physiology and pathophysiology in brain function and neurodevelopment. One of the pivotal mechanisms about gut to brain communication is through the regulation and interaction of gut microbiota on the host immune system. In this review, we will discuss the role of microbiota-immune systeminteractions in human neurological disorders. The characteristic features in the development of neurological diseases include gut dysbiosis, the disturbed intestinal/Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) permeability, the activated inflammatory response, and the changed microbial metabolites. Neurological disorders contribute to gut dysbiosis and some relevant metabolites in a top-down way. In turn, the activated immune system induced by the change of gut microbiota may deteriorate the development of neurological diseases through the disturbed gut/BBB barrier in a down-top way. Understanding the characterization and identification of microbiome-immune- brain signaling pathways will help us to yield novel therapeutic strategies by targeting the gut microbiome in neurological disease.

Trend of Hospital Admission and Outcome Study of Patients Admitted in a Neurology Unit at a Tertiary Care Neuroscience Hospital in Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
Md Tauhidul Islam Chowdhury ◽  
Mohammad Shah Jahirul Hoque Choudhury ◽  
KM Ahasan Ahmed ◽  
Mohammad Sadekur Rahman Sarkar ◽  
Md Abdullah Yusuf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Total Death ◽  
Neurological Patients ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Day By Day

Background: Neurological disorders is becoming a growing concern both for developed and developing countries. Magnitude of the problem is increasing day by day. Among all neurological disorders, stroke is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally.Objectives: The purpose of the study was to see the trend of admission of patients with neurological diseases and to study the outcome of patients at referral neurology hospital in Bangladesh.Methodology: This retrospective chart review was conducted in the blue unit of the Department of Neurology at National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from 1st January to 31st December 2016 for a period of one (01) year. All the admitted patients with both sexes were selected as study population. The outcome was observed among the study population.Result: A total number of 1044 patients were admitted during the study period. Majority of the patients were in the age group of the 41 to 50 years which was 417(39.9%) cases. Both male and female were in highest number in the month of May which was 63 and 48 cases respectively. The total death of the study population was 146(14.0%) cases. The mean length of hospital stay was 8.4±2.31 days.Conclusion: Middle aged male is the main bulk of the neurological patients, admitted in a referral neurology hospital in Bangladesh. Highest admission and mortality was observed in stroke patients.Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2018;4(2): 69-74

scholarly journals Overview of Dual-Acting Drug Methotrexate in Different Neurological Diseases, Autoimmune Pathologies and Cancers

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 3483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Przemysław Koźmiński ◽  
Paweł Krzysztof Halik ◽  
Raphael Chesori ◽  
Ewa Gniazdowska
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Myasthenia Gravis ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agent ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Immunosuppressive Drug ◽  
Structural Analogue ◽  
Potential Benefits

Methotrexate, a structural analogue of folic acid, is one of the most effective and extensively used drugs for treating many kinds of cancer or severe and resistant forms of autoimmune diseases. In this paper, we take an overview of the present state of knowledge with regards to complex mechanisms of methotrexate action and its applications as immunosuppressive drug or chemotherapeutic agent in oncological combination therapy. In addition, the issue of the potential benefits of methotrexate in the development of neurological disorders in Alzheimer’s disease or myasthenia gravis will be discussed.

First person – Fanny Jaudon and Martina Albini

2021 ◽  
Vol 134 (16) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Early Career ◽  
First Person ◽  
Early Career Researchers ◽  
And Function ◽  
The University ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT First Person is a series of interviews with the first authors of a selection of papers published in Journal of Cell Science, helping early-career researchers promote themselves alongside their papers. Fanny Jaudon and Martina Albini are co-first authors on ‘ A developmental stage- and Kidins220-dependent switch in astrocyte responsiveness to brain-derived neurotrophic factor’, published in JCS. Fanny is a postdoc at the University of Trieste in the lab of Lorenzo A. Cingolani at Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy, investigating the molecular mechanisms controlling development and function of neuronal circuits and implementing genome-editing approaches for the treatment of neurological disorders. Martina is a PhD student at the Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia in the lab of Fabio Benfenati and Fabrizia Cesca investigating neurotrophin biology and its involvement in neurological diseases.

scholarly journals Molecular Imaging in Traditional Chinese Medicine Therapy for Neurological Diseases

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zefeng Wang ◽  
Haitong Wan ◽  
Jinhui Li ◽  
Hong Zhang ◽  
Mei Tian
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Chinese Herb ◽  
Public Health Care ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Cord Injury

With the speeding tendency of aging society, human neurological disorders have posed an ever increasing threat to public health care. Human neurological diseases include ischemic brain injury, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and spinal cord injury, which are induced by impairment or specific degeneration of different types of neurons in central nervous system. Currently, there are no more effective treatments against these diseases. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is focused on, which can provide new strategies for the therapy in neurological disorders. TCM, including Chinese herb medicine, acupuncture, and other nonmedication therapies, has its unique therapies in treating neurological diseases. In order to improve the treatment of these disorders by optimizing strategies using TCM and evaluate the therapeutic effects, we have summarized molecular imaging, a new promising technology, to assess noninvasively disease specific in cellular and molecular levels of living models in vivo, that was applied in TCM therapy for neurological diseases. In this review, we mainly focus on applying diverse molecular imaging methodologies in different TCM therapies and monitoring neurological disease, and unveiling the mysteries of TCM.

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