scholarly journals Innovation Policies and Mechanisms Used for Stimulating the Innovations in the Five Leading African Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-190
Author(s):  
Plamen Pavlov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Scientific Objective ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Global Innovation ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Innovation Policies

Innovations in the modern world are of great importance for everyone. They are the basis for high competitiveness of companies, economic growth of economies and prosperity of societies. The scientific objective of the article is to identify the various levers, models and specific incentives for innovation and research and development (R&D) in the five leading African countries in this area, according to the Global Innovation Index 2020. On this basis, conclusions and guidelines have been worked out, that are useful both from a scientific point of view and for improving the renewed innovation policy of Bulgaria. The article uses various research methods and approaches, including methods of analysis and synthesis, comparison and causation, as well as systematic and complex approaches.

scholarly journals The Major Determinants of Innovative Environment Formation in Georgia

2020 ◽  
pp. 243-249
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Global Innovation ◽  
Innovative Environment ◽  
Job Growth ◽  
Innovative Economy

In parallel to the globalization of the modern world economy, the development of innovative policies for economic development is considered as a topical problem in a number of countries around the world. For developed countries, innovative economies have become one of the key preconditions for the country’s economic success. In Georgia, despite recent economic reforms, the country has not achieved tangible results in terms of innovation development. Hence the development of the economy needs to facilitate the formation of an innovative economy. Experience in developed countries shows that in a transformative economy the crucial role lies in the development of innovations and technological novelties. Accordingly, the article examines the contribution of innovation to the economic development of transformational countries. Priorities of innovation policy in Georgia have been identified, and the role of innovation in creating a competitive environment, increasing productivity and raising living standards has been assessed. The article uses the Global Innovation Index (GII) to assess the level of innovation in a country. There are discussed mechanisms that can help achieve long-term economic growth, productivity and job growth as well.

scholarly journals Development of innovation policy: case study of north and West African countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 89 ◽  
pp. 07001
Author(s):  
Leandre Yedehou Dossou ◽  
Itri Hanaa
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
North African ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Verification Algorithm ◽  
North African Countries

Since the work on Joseph Schumpeter’s entrepreneurial theory in the process of creative destruction, many works have been devoted to innovation. However, this previous work often approached innovation from an organizational point of view with a technical orientation. But today innovation covers all sectors of economic activity or not. In addition, we can see that this research on innovation has been more active and implemented in developed countries. On the other hand, some work; have been done in developing country, which shows a low level of innovation development. Therefore, to fill the gap in African literature, the purpose of this article is timely to develop a model of innovation policy for low-income countries in general, and for West and North African countries in particular. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to make the diagnosis at the level of African countries in terms of innovation, in order to solve problems related to the challenges of innovation on this continent. Finally, relevant recommendations ranging from the meaning of an effective implementation of the proposed innovation policy through a mechanism and a verification algorithm for a positive economic and social impact.

scholarly journals SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (R&D):STATE OF FUNDING

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (6) ◽  
pp. 83-93
Author(s):  
ANDRYEYEVA Victoriya ◽  
LAPTIEVA Victoriya ◽  
ADAMENKO Victor
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Innovative Activity ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Development Expenditure ◽  
Key Factor

Background. Ensuring the innovative development of the country is the main prerequisite for its survival and national security, dynamic economic growth and access to international markets. An important indicator of the development of innovative activity is the expenditure of research and development. The aim of the article is to analyze current trends in research and development expenditure in Ukraine, assess their compliance with global trends to determine the prospects for innovation and its activation Results. The dynamics of R&D expenditures in Ukraine indicates a recession in innovation in contrast to the EU, where there is a steady upward trend in these expenditures. The gap between Ukraine and European countries is deepening both in terms of total R&D expenditures and certain types of work, as well as in terms of science-intensive GDP. Practically the only source of financing the enterprises innovative activity in Ukraine is their own funds, the share of which is growing rapidly. Conclusion. Increasing spending on research and development worldwide indicates that innovation is a key factor in economic growth. The results of the analysis of the dynamics and structure of R&D expenditures in Ukraine do not correspond to global trends and give grounds for serious concern about the development of innovation. The growth of R&D expenditures in Ukraine is impossible without the development and implementation of an adequate state innovation policy.

scholarly journals Slavery in the Contemporary World

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 181-190
Author(s):  
Babatunde M. Idowu ◽  
Mercy C. Arua ◽  
Chiedozie P. Nwosu ◽  
Felix M. Nwankwo
Keyword(s):  
Radical Change ◽  
Conflict Theory ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Migration ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Trafficking In Persons ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Modern Slavery ◽  
The World

The paper examines slavery in the contemporary world with focus on examination of modern slavery in Africa. It underscored factors promoting slavery in the modern world, trends of modern slavery, causes of modern slavery in Africa, and consequences of modern slavery in Africa. The Marxian conflict theory was used as a guide and a background upon which the paper was anchored. From the point of view of the theory and available literature reviewed, the paper observed that factors such as population explosion of the post second world war, rapid economic change and the incorporation of the third world economies into the world economy in the guise of globalisation, and the widespread governmental corruption among others, are responsible for modern slavery in Africa and the world over. It revealed that forced labour, sex slavery, practice of debt bondage and trafficking in persons are all characteristics of modern slavery. The significance of this is enormous and antithetical to the development of the continent and humanity at large. The paper recommended that policies on human migration should be reviewed across borders, agencies established to tackle the menace of trafficking in persons should straightened so as to function effectively and efficiently, African countries should make frantic efforts in tackling the issue of corruption and over-dependence on advanced countries of the world. Finally, a radical change in mentality is advised of African citizens on migration.

scholarly journals Urban Planning and European Innovation Policy: Achieving Sustainability, Social Inclusion, and Economic Growth?

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1137
Author(s):  
Kim Carlotta von Schönfeld ◽  
António Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Behavioural Change ◽  
European Union Policy ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Smart Technologies ◽  
Innovation Policies

Innovation has become a guiding principle for European Union policy. Funding schemes, research, and planning across all Member States are expected to be innovative. This article provides a critical analysis of the drivers and effects of this evolution. While positive results have been achieved due to innovation policies, this article proposes that taking a wider critical perspective reveals important caveats. The article zooms in on the EU’s innovation policies by analysing policy documents, projects funded, and on-the-ground impact on three citizen initiatives. The analysis asks whether and how the EU’s self-set goals of sustainability, social inclusion, and economic growth are approached and met in them. The findings suggest a problematic funnelling process. First, an emphasis on innovation is created with the objective of systematically unblocking resistance to the development and implementation of novelties in the name of competitiveness, job creation, and economic growth. Second, the idea of innovation is very loosely defined, while, when translated into urban planning, it is interpreted narrowly in terms of efficiency and behavioural change, digitalization, and smart technologies. As a result, (narrowly defined) innovation-led economic growth begins to supersede alternative values and visions for the future of European cities and regions. This can represent a problem for EU Member States as it creates a very limited, risk-based, and divisive direction of development. To contribute to the (re-)establishment of alternatives, this article finally offers policy recommendations primarily concerned with the reinstatement of the public interest beyond innovation-centred planning perspectives.

Feedback effects of economic growth on innovation: a country-level empirical study

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Senthilkumar Thangavelu ◽  
Sangeetha Gunasekar ◽  
Amalendu Jyotishi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Feedback Effect ◽  
Negative Slope ◽  
Feedback Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Global Innovation ◽  
Innovation Policies

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand the nature of the feedback effects of economic growth on innovation. The question is whether the economies with higher levels of endowments have a declining feedback effect of income on innovation and contribute to the development of effective innovation policies are raised. Design/methodology/approach This study hypothesizes that innovation input’s response to economic growth in terms of income is an inverted “U” shaped path, whereas the innovation output’s response to income is positive and asymptotic. This paper uses the global innovation index data of 154 countries over the period 2013–2017 on innovation and gross domestic product for the analysis using the fixed-effect regression models. Findings The results confirmed the inverted U shaped relationship in the line of Kuznets’s curve for innovation input and that of negative slope and asymptotic behaviour for innovation output. Research limitations/implications In this study, the analysis performed using the global innovation index 2013–2017 data. This study can be extended at each factor level to understand this phenomenon in depth with more data and to help in improving the innovation policies for the betterment of the economic growth. Practical implications This study suggests that developed countries need to guard against complacency in their innovation efforts because of the asymptotic nature exhibited through the effective development of innovation policies. The developing economies can look forward to establishing themselves in the domains of innovation input through imitation of technologies. Originality/value This paper extends the study of feedback effects of economic growth on innovation. This study brings out the nature of feedback effects of economic growth on input innovation and output innovation activities. The results show a declining feedback effect of income on innovation in economies with a higher level of endowments and highlight the inclusion of feedback effects of economic activities on the innovation while designing the innovation and economic policies of a country.

scholarly journals Spin Offs activities and Technology Commercialization Policy at European Universities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eka Lekashvili ◽  
Mariam Bitsadze
Keyword(s):  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Commercial Sector ◽  
Case Study Method ◽  
European Universities ◽  
European Experience ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The University ◽  
Innovation Policies

In the modern world, the goals of higher education - the implementation of teaching and research – added economic development through the technology which is the result of university research. These are among the issues that are actively discussed by development-oriented economies today. The subject of this paper is the innovation policy of universities. Based on the case-study method, the European experience in the formation of a university spin-off company and the main features of the commercialization of university technology are analyzed. The research revealed the main measures of the innovation strategy of the universities, which promote the strong cooperation between the university, the state and the commercial sector. The results of the study can be used in the development and implementation of successful national and university innovation policies.

Inter-country inequality as a dynamic process and the problem of post-industrial development

2018 ◽  
pp. 5-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Grigoryev ◽  
V. A. Pavlyushina
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Modern World ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Development Level ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Post Industrial

The phenomenon of economic growth is studied by economists and statisticians in various aspects for a long time. Economic theory is devoted to assessing factors of growth in the tradition of R. Solow, R. Barrow, W. Easterly and others. During the last quarter of the century, however, the institutionalists, namely D. North, D. Wallis, B. Weingast as well as D. Acemoglu and J. Robinson, have shown the complexity of the problem of development on the part of socioeconomic and political institutions. As a result, solving the problem of how economic growth affects inequality between countries has proved extremely difficult. The modern world is very diverse in terms of development level, and the article offers a new approach to the formation of the idea of stylized facts using cluster analysis. The existing statistics allows to estimate on a unified basis the level of GDP production by 174 countries of the world for 1992—2016. The article presents a structured picture of the world: the distribution of countries in seven clusters, different in levels of development. During the period under review, there was a strong per capita GDP growth in PPP in the middle of the distribution, poverty in various countries declined markedly. At the same time, in 1992—2016, the difference increased not only between rich and poor groups of countries, but also between clusters.

Peculiarities of Modern Dynamics of the Global Economy

2010 ◽  
pp. 78-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Klinov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Business Cycles ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Long Waves ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Business Taxation ◽  
Modern World ◽  
China And India ◽  
World Economic

Rates and factors of modern world economic growth and the consequences of rapid expansion of the economies of China and India are analyzed in the article. Modification of business cycles and long waves of economic development are evaluated. The need of reforming business taxation is demonstrated.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document