scholarly journals Inhibition Activity of Mycorrhizal Fungi Glomus mosseae and G. intradicas with Trichderma harizanum Against Rhizoctonia solani in Okra Plant Abelmoschus esculentus (L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-82
Author(s):  
Abdulnabi A.A. Matrood ◽  
Azher H. Al-Taie
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Glomus Mosseae ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Secondary Products ◽  
Micro Organisms

The agricultural production processes currently targeted reducing chemical fungicides usage and increasing bio-agent application through controlling diseases alone or integrating it with other factors. The study aimed to investigate the induction of systemic resistance by multi bio-agents represented by mycorrhizal fungi Glomus mosseae, G. intradicas and Trichoderma harizanum against pathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani which caused wilt disease and growth defoliation to Okra seedling. Three isolate of R. solani were recorded on root of Okra seedling, named (local - Batra). Isolate no. (3) was more virulence than other isolates in damping off disease in the pre and post emergence. Results also showed that G. mosseae and G. intradicas with T. harizanum had a positive influence in reducing detrimental effect of R. solani in all growth parameters (e.g. fresh and dry weight of root) on disease severity on Okra plant caused by R. solani. Bio-agents (G. mosseae,G. intradicas and T. harizanum) increased resistance in Okra plants by raising production of enzymescatalase and Peroxidase.this experiment was revealed that using a complex of bio-agent’s factors were greatly increase the efficiency of biological control than using each of them individually. We conclude that the broad diversity of rhizosphere micro-organisms as well as the confronting between the bio-chemical and physical changes could be reflected the variations in the metabolic secondary products that could inhibit pathogens.

scholarly journals Synergistic interaction of Glomus mosseae T. and Trichoderma harzianum R. in the induction of systemic resistance of Cucumis sativus L. to Alternaria alternata (Fr.) K.

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-108
Author(s):  
Abdulnabi A. A. Matrood ◽  
Mohammad Imad Khrieba ◽  
Okon Godwin Okon
Keyword(s):  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Glomus Mosseae ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L

Due to the various negative impacts of chemical fungicides, the reduction of its applications in agricultural production process is widely recommended. Thus, the need and application of bio-agents in disease control has increased tremendously. The current study aimed at investigating the role of both bio-agents Glomus mosseae (mycorrhizal fungi) and Trichoderma harzianum in protection of Cucumis sativus (cucumber plants) against the fungal pathogen Alternaria alternata which is an opportunistic pathogen and the causal agent of cucumber wilt disease. Results obtained from this work revealed the positive influence of using bio-agents treatments in the reduction of pathogenic effects of A. alternata. The results also showed that G. mosseae and T. harzianum combination had a positive synergistic influence in reducing the detrimental effects of A. alternata ny improving the biomass yield (e.g. fresh and dry weight of root); as well as, on disease severity on C. sativus. Bio-agents (G. mosseae and T. harzianum) increased resistance in C. sativus by raising the production of enzymes catalase and peroxidase. Conclusively, this research revealed that using a multifarious combination of bio-agents significantly (P =.05) increased the efficiency of biological control of A. alternata than using each of them exclusively. Thus, it is recommended that to get an effective result in the control of the pathogen A. alternata in crops as highlighted by the results of this work; a combination of two bio-agents should be used.

scholarly journals DETECT ACTIVITY OF SOME BIOLOGICAL FACTORS TO INDUCE RESISTANCE IN CANTALOUPE PLANT THROUGH PEROXIDASE ENZYME , PHENOLS AND CHLOROPHYLL CONTENTS

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hashem & et al.
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Peroxidase Enzyme ◽  
Induce Resistance ◽  
Treated Plant

The aim of this study was to evaluate efficiency of some biological agents to reduce charcoal rot of Cantaloupe which is caused by Macrophomina  phaseolina  under wooden canopy and to detect activity of inducer  agents through Peroxidase enzyme, phenols and chlorophyll contents. Results obtained under Wooden canopy, treatment of combination between T.viride and B.subtilis was superior on other treatments. The disease percentage and disease severity were (0.0), (0.0)% respectively compared to control treatment (pathogen) 88.3 and 76.6% respectively. However treatment of integration between T.viride and B.subtilis was superior on other treatments in antagonism against M.phaseolina and to improve growth parameters of cantaloupe and increased wet weight and dry weight of vegetation and root to (35.0 – 4.0), (13.7 – 2.4) g/ plant respectively. Results indicated that treated plant produced phenols and peroxidase enzyme. Treatments of   T.viride with  B.subtilis or T.viride with  A.chrococcum showed superiority in inducing peroxidase enzyme. The change in light absorbance/ min/ g .Fresh weight of cantaloupe were 81.2 and 80.6 respectively, compared to control treatment (pathogenic fungus) the activity of Peroxidase was 36.9. the same trend reflected to increase activity of phenols in treatments of T.viride with  B.subtilis or T.viride with  A.chrococcum reached (5.21 and 5.00) mg/g. compared with control treatment 3.6 mg/g. The result, also showed that all treatments increased chlorophyll content. Integration between T.viride and  B.subtilis achieved highest chlorophyll content (56.3) Spad.

scholarly journals Role of some fungal biocontrol agents to protect foliar of cucumber plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-74
Author(s):  
Abdul N. A. Matroud ◽  
Thakaa F. Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Cucumber Plant ◽  
Biological Resistance ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Plant Grown ◽  
Chemical Pesticides

This study aimed to find biological factors that increase plant growth and thus the resistance of shoot fungi away from the use of chemical pesticides. The study included isolation of a large group of soil fungi Surrounding the roots of the cucumber plant grown in the greenhouse. The results of study showed the ability of fungal isolates to dissolve the phosphorus component in medium NBRIP under shaking incubated conditions. The treatment of Aspergillus niger reduced the pH after 5, 10, 15 days of incubation an average of 3.760, 3.763, 2.947 respectively. The laboratory fungal isolates have also showed their ability to produce the hormone acetic acid IAA. The results showed an increase in growth parameters of plants treated with the biological resistance fungi A. niger and T. koningi2 by increasing the wet and dry weight of the shoots and roots. The results of the peroxide enzyme estimate also confirmed the increase of this enzyme due to the biological resistance fungi as the treatment of A. niger reached 0.02067 compared to the comparison treatment, it reached 0.01333. This is an indication of the increased induction of systemic resistance in the cucumber plant, as the pathogenic fungi were not recorded on the plants treated with the biological resistance fungi, and A. alternata was recorded on the comparison treatment.

scholarly journals The Role of Salicylic Acid and Pseudomonas fluorescens in Systemic Resistance Against Rhizoctonia solani kühn in Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (l.) Taub.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-15
Author(s):  
Montaser F. Abdel-Monaim
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba ◽  
Damping Off

Rhizoctonia solani was found to be associated with root rot symptoms of guar plants collected from different fields in New Valley governorate, Egypt. All the obtained isolates were able to attack guar plants (cv. Local) causing damping-off and root rot diseases. R. solani isolates No. 8 (RG8) was the more virulent ones in the pathogenicity tests. Salicylic acid (SA) and Pseudomonas fluorescens (PF) individually or in combination were examined for their potential in suppression damping-off and root rot and growth promotion of guar plants in vitro and in vivo. Both SA and P. fluorescens either individually or in combination inhibited the growth of the tested pathogenic fungi.SA combined with P. fluorescens recorded the highest inhibited growth followed by P. fluorescens alone. Under greenhouse and field conditions, all treatments significantly reduced damping-off and root rot severity. The combination of SA and P. fluorescens was more effective than using them individually.  Under field conditions, all these treatments significantly increased growth parameters (plant height and No. of branches plant-1) and yield components (No. of pods plant-1, weight of 100 seeds and total yield fed.-1 and Guaran content (gm plant-1) in both locations (El-Kharga and Mallawy Agric. Res. Stations) during growing season 2014.The combination of SA and P. fluorescens were recorded the highest growth parameters and yield components. Generally, the combination of SA and P. fluorescens recorded the best results for controlling damping-off and root rot diseases in greenhouse and field with addition improved plant growth and increased yield components in the field. In physiological studies, activity of defense-related enzymes, including peroxidase (PO), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), pathogenesis related (PR) protein (chitinase and β 1,3 gluconase), were increased in inoculated and non-inoculated plants treated with the SA and P. fluorescens either individually or in combination, during the experimental period. The combination of SA and P. fluorescens recorded the highest increase in activity of all enzymes.  In general, the activity of these enzymes begins to accumulate after two days of treatment and reached maximum levels at 6 to 10 days, then the activities of these enzymes were decreased progressively. On the other hand, total phenols and lignin increased in guar plants inoculated with R. solani and treated with SA and P. fluorescens individually or in combination. The highest accumulation of phenols was recorded 8th days from application, while lignin recorded the highest level at 10th days from application. In the end, these results suggested that SA and P. fluorescens either individually or in combination may play an important role in controlling the guar damping-off and root rot diseases, though they have induction of systemic resistance in guar plants.

scholarly journals Peranan Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskular (FMA) dan Serasah Daun Gamal (Gliricidia sepium L.) terhadap Pertumbuhan Bawang Merah (Allium cepa L.) pada Tanah Podzolik Merah Kuning

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Supeni Sufaati ◽  
Rr. Evi D. Aryuni
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Glomus Mosseae ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Podzolic Soils ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Mycorrhizal Inoculation

The aim of study was to know the effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi (AMF), Glomus mosseae on the growth of onion Allium cepa L. on red-yellow podzolic soils. Completely Randomized Design (CRD) factorial with 10 replicates was used in this experiment. The first factor was mycorrhizae, with two level: without inoculation as a control (M0); 10 gram inoculation = M1). The second factorwas leaf litter of gamal Gliricidia sepium L. species   wich were no litter as S0; 5 gram litter = S1; S2 was 10 gram of litter; and 20 grams of loitter in one kilogram of soil separately. Parameters used in this study were the growth of onion that has infected root in percent, and Relative Growth Rate (RGR). ANOVA was used to analyze the data, and followed with DMRT at 95% level test. The result showed that mycorrhizal inoculation increased root and shoot fresh weight, the dry weight of shoot; and the percentage of root infection on the onion. While the leaf litter of gamal increased only in leaf area. In contrast mycorrhizal inoculation and gamal leaf litter and their combination had no effect on other growth parameters. Key words: AMF, Glomus mosseae, Gliricidia sepium, Allium cepa.

scholarly journals Efficiency of dual inoculation by Glomus mosseae and Azotobacter chroococcum on growth, productivity of some wheat)Triticum aestivum L.( recombinations

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
Mohammed Mohei Salih ◽  
Hadi Mehdi Aboud ◽  
Neda Sallom Mohammed ◽  
Hadi Madi Sarheed ◽  
Mustafa Eubaid Ayed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glomus Mosseae ◽  
Genetic Recombination ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Azotobacter Chroococcum ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Different Response

This investigation was conducted to determine the response of 24 genetic recombination of wheat crop to bioinoculation with mixture of Glomus mosseae (Nicolson&Trappe.) Gerd&Trappe 250 spores/gram soil and 10ml (107cfu/ml) of Azotobacter chroococcum /0.5meter seeded line. Treatments were distributed in randomly block design with three replicates on 2010-2011growing season. Growth parameters: Percentage of germination, flowering after 106 days of germination, Maturity after 130 days of cultivation, Number of branches after 126 days of cultivation, dry weight of vegetative growth, number of spikes in the line, number of grains per spike, average weight of 1000 grain, and total weight of seeds in the line were taken. Results revealed different response of the tested recombinations for biofertilizers effects.The recombination wahat al Iraq, Babil, M707, Mexipaq, Furat, Dijla, Um-rabee, Tamose2, Tamose3, Ure, M619B, M613, M606, M615A, M630, M621, and Noor reveald significant increasing differences in most growth and productivity parameters specialy Wahat al Iraq, M707, Mexipaq, M613 which recorded yield increament at 96,89,59,57% respectively,while the recombination Tellaafar3, Adnaaia, Medaaen , M612, M633A, M615B, M633B showed negative response and recorded reduction percentages 10,15 ,4 ,12 ,9,45,24% as comparison with control respectively.

scholarly journals Effect of Inoculation of AM Fungi and Beneficial Microorganisms on Growth and Nutrient Uptake of Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn. (Finger Millet)

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 59-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Ramakrishnan ◽  
G. Bhuvaneswari
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Finger Millet ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Eleusine Coracana ◽  
Plant Nutrients ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers

Biofertilizers have been used as sources to improve plant nutrients in sustainable agriculture. Biofertilizers are low cost, renewable sources of plant nutrients which supplement chemical fertilizers. Mycorrhizal fungi are a major component of agricultural natural resources and members of kingdom fungi. The term ‘mycorrhiza’ is derived from Greek word which means ‘fungus root’. Earthen pot experiments were carried out to study the inoculation effect of ArbuscularMycorrhizal (AM) fungi (Glomus mossease), Azospirillium brasilense and PSB on plant height, dry weight of root and shoot, per cent root colonization, spore number, P and N uptake. Experimental pots were filled with 4 kegs of sterilized soil and maintained in green house at 25-30 °C temperature. Single inoculation of AM fungi and combined inoculation of AM fungi with Azospirillium brasilense or PSB was found to be moderately increased in all the growth parameters. However triple inoculation of AM fungi,Azospirillium brasilense and PSB was found to have highest growth parameters.

scholarly journals The ability of Pisum sativum plant to use tricalcium super phosphate (TSP) in the presence and absence of mycorrhizal fungi under field conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Glomus Mosseae ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Infection ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Presence And Absence ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Gm Plant

Efficiency of Pisum sativum plants in using tricalcium super phosphate (TSP) in presence and absence of mycorrhizal fungi was evaluated in the field experiment in College of Science / Al-Mustansiriyah University. The experiment comprised of (6) treatments prepared from the interaction of two levels of inoculation [non-inoculation with fungus F0 and inoculation with Glomus mosseae fungus (F1)]. And three levels of phosphorus: 0,20,40 Kg P/ha. The experimental size was (1x2)m. Irrigation and hand-weeding were done when needed. The following plant measurements were recorded: (Shoots dry weight, concentration of N and P% in addition to percentage of root infection with mycorrhizal fungi at flowering 50% of plants. The results of the experiment could be summarized as following: Inoculation with Glomus mossease caused in a significant increase in all experimental measurements as compared with non-inoculation treatments under all levels of phosphorus that have used in the experiment. Highest values for the experiment measurements were recorded in the treatment that inoculated with (F1) and fertilized with 20 Kg P/ha. They were (3.65, 0.49, 3.10 and 85) for shoot dry weight gm/plant, P concentration, N concentration % and percentage of root infection respectively. As compared with (1.81, 0.24, 2.18 and 30) as significant least values for above measurements respectively in treatment non-inoculated and unfertilized. Application of phosphorous in level 40Kg P/ha significantly increasing the shoot dry weight, P concentration in non-inolcultion treatments as compared with the same treatments that fertilized with 20 Kg P/ha or un-fertilized.

scholarly journals MYCORRHIZAL GROWTH ENHANCEMENT OF NEEM (AZADIRACHTA INDICA) SEEDLINGS

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 670c-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred T. Davies ◽  
Sharon A. Duray ◽  
Sein Hla Bo ◽  
Lop Phavaphutanon
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
P Value ◽  
Growth Enhancement ◽  
Medicinal Value ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

The Neem tree is of ornamental, revegetation, biomass and medicinal value. The compound azadirachtin, which is derived from Neem seeds, is commercially used for insecticidal properties. In a 2×2 factorial experiment, Neem seedlings were either colonized with the mycorrhizal fungi Glomus intraradices or noninoculated and fertilized with full strength Long Ashton Mineral Solution at 11 or 22 ppm P. Mycorrhizal and P main effects were highly significant (p-value<0.001) with all growth parameters except R:S ratio. Mycorrhizal plants had greater leaf number, leaf area, leaf dry weight, shoot and root dry weight than noncolonized seedlings. The higher P (22 ppm) level plants had superior growth compared with low P plants. Leaf area and leaf dry weight were similar in mycorrhizal/low P plants and nonmycorrhizal/high P plants. These results suggest that mycorrhizal growth enhancement has important implications for Neem trees which are found in agriculturally poor soils in hot and arid regions.

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