scholarly journals Comparative analysis on contract scheme: security or a peril

2021 ◽  
pp. 47953-47957
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
Insufficient Information ◽  
Contract Farming ◽  
Indian States ◽  
The Government

Contract farming is usually seen as a useful mechanism to assist smallholders in overcoming market access constraints. However, in spite of economic benefits, high smallholder dropout rates from contract schemes are commonplace. The aim of this study is to postulate a mechanism that uses quantitative and qualitative data from the Indian States to show that smallholder farmers benefit from a resource-providing contract in terms of higher yields and incomes, but that most of them still regret their decision to participate within the contract scheme and would like to exit if they might. The analysis underlines that research that specialize in narrowly defined economic indicators alone cannot explain farmers’ satisfaction with contracts and their dropout behaviour. The main problem within the contract scheme is insufficient information provided by the corporate. Farmers don't understand all the contract details, which results in substantial mistrust. Farmers believe that the corporate behaves opportunistically, as an example during the output weighing procedure, and these beliefs are significantly correlated with the farmers’ wish to exit. Moreover comparing such an instance to recent spike in dissatisfaction amongst farmers in the Punjab state in India, followed by disregard for the Government of India’s new found APMC Policy.

Does contract farming improve rice farmers' food security? Empirical evidence from Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reuben Jagri Binpori ◽  
Dadson Awunyo-Vitor ◽  
Camillus Abawiera Wongnaa
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Contract Farming ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
Food Security Status ◽  
The Impact

PurposeIn order to improve access to resources for smallholder farmers, efforts are being made to promote contract farming in Ghana. This is seen as a strategy to increase agricultural productivity of farmers, give better market access and guarantee adequate supply of raw materials to agro-based industries. However, the challenge is whether contract farming leads to improvement in food security status of farmers. The study therefore seeks to explore to what extent farmers' food security status is influenced by their participation in contract farming activities.Design/methodology/approachUsing Cragg's double-hurdle model to analyse participation in contract farming, the authors control for selection bias using propensity score matching applied to a data set of 336 observations to examine the impact of contract farming on the food security levels of rice farmers in Ghana.FindingsThe results of this study show that yield of paddy and the wealth of the farmer are the main factors that influence the quantity of paddy rice to be contracted in contract farming arrangements. This study also finds that participation in contract farming will increase food security by 109%. In conclusion, contract farming has a significant positive impact on the farmers' food security status.Originality/valueAgricultural policies and rural development initiatives supporting the promotion and expansion of contract farming should be pursued to persuade more farmers to produce under contract farming agreements.

scholarly journals Determinants of Milk Market Participation and Volume of Sales to Milk Collection Centres of the Smallholder Dairy Value Chain in Zimbabwe

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tafireyi Chamboko ◽  
Emmanuel Mwakiwa ◽  
Prisca H. Mugabe
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Market Participation ◽  
Ecological Region ◽  
Smallholder Dairy ◽  
The Government ◽  
Milk Market

At the attainment of Zimbabwe’s independence, government of Zimbabwe established the smallholder dairy development programme to encourage smallholder farmers to participate in formal milk markets. Although now more than three decades since the government established this programme, smallholder contribution to the national formal market remains low at 5%. This study was undertaken to determine factors affecting milk market participation and volume of sales to milk collection centres of the smallholder dairy value chain. Four smallholder dairy schemes were purposively selected on the basis of whether the scheme participated in the semi-formal or formal dairy value chain. A total of 185 farmers were then selected through simple random sampling and interviewed using a pretested structured questionnaire. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Heckman two-stage selection econometric models. Results show that resources (represented by dairy cows, household size), knowledge (educational level, access to information and extension), experience (household head age) and agro-ecological region significantly determined farmers’ participation in milk markets. The study also shows the determinants of milk sales volumes to be resources (number of dairy cows and landholding size); market access (distance to milk collection centre); ambition of the farmer (age); and natural climatic conditions (agro-ecological region). Government policy interventions therefore need to be targeted at increasing the number of dairy cows, taking into account landholding and market access, targeting educated, young farmers located in agro-ecological regions I and II, providing them with adequate, appropriate information and extension packages in order to enhance milk market participation and volume of sales.

scholarly journals Collaborative Governance dalam Pembangunan Sektor Pertanian di Kabupaten Bandung

PERSPEKTIF ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-65
Author(s):  
Rofi' Ramadhona Iyoega
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Collaborative Governance ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
National Economic ◽  
National Economic Development ◽  
The Government

The agricultural sector is important in national economic development, especially as a provider of employment and as the main source of income for rural communities. Development in the agricultural sector requires the support of all stakeholders, the government's limited role in accommodating the needs in this sector then gave birth to a concept of a collaboration called Collaborative Governance. This research was conducted in Bandung Regency, aimed at finding out the implementation of Collaborative Governance, knowing the reach of farmers to the market, knowing the marketing media used and the problems faced by farmers in accessing the market. Data in this study were collected through interviews, then analyzed using qualitative data analysis techniques. The results showed the role of  local government was very dominant and vice versa universities contributed very minimally. The reach of farmers to the market is still very low, only a small proportion of farmers have marketed their products outside the region. In marketing their agricultural products, farmers have started to utilize online media. The government is expected to assist farmers in opening market access through the use of marketing technology or by bringing farmers together with investors.

scholarly journals Impact of Changing Administrative Boundaries on Development of Uttar and Dakshin Dinajpur Districts, West Bengal

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-110
Author(s):  
Sk Ismaile ◽  
Namita Chakma
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
District Level ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Meso Level ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Generally, new districts are formed to facilitate administrative expediency or ease of administrative connectivity in a much better way. Often it reduces the distance between the district headquarters and remote areas resulting in easy access to the district headquarters with investing less time and strain. Apparently, it becomes helpful to interact with the beneficiaries in implementing and monitoring the government schemes and programmes in the areas near the district headquarters and remote areas, which is essential for the overall development of a region. In the present study, a meso-level specific comparative analysis has been done at inter and intra district level on the basis of some selected socio-economic indicators (based on Census of India data sources) to understand the impact of reorganisation of the administrative boundaries on the development of Uttar and Dakshin Dinajpur, West Bengal, India. Submitted: 31 October 2020; Revised:31 December 2020; Accepted: 8 April 2021

scholarly journals Analisis Hukum Menghadiri Walimatul Ursy Saat Pandemi Covid 19

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rina Septiani
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Government

bstract: This study discusses legal analysis both from the perspective of Islamic law and positive law related to the law of attending walimatul ursy during the COVID-19 pandemic, this research will focus on the law of attending a wedding during the pandemic. The method used is literature study with a normative-comparative analysis approach, data analysis used is from qualitative data to secondary data. The results of the study found that the law of attending walimatul ursy during a pandemic, both Islamic and positive, is not mandatory, but permissible if those invited are in good health and are ready to carry out health protocols that have been set by the government, but if those invited are not healthy or confirmed. Corona virus, attendance is haram because it will cause greater fade if the person concerned is present.Abstrak: Penelitian ini membahas tentang analisis hukum baik dilihat dari segi hukum islam maupun hukum positif terkait dengan hukum menghadiri walimatul ursy saat pandemic covid 19, penelitian ini akan focus pada hukum menghadiri pesta pernikahan saat pandemic. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi pustaka dengan pendekatan analisis normatif-komparatif, analisis data yang digunakan adalah mulai dari data kualitatif sampai dengan data skunder. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa hukum menghadiri walimatul ursy saat pandemic baik secara hukum islam maupun positif tidak menjadi wajib melainkan di perbolehkan jika yang diundang dalam keadaan sehat serta siap melakukan protocol kesehatan yang sudah di tetapkan oleh pemerintah, namun apabila yang diundang dalam keadaan tidak sehat atau terkonfirmasi virus corona maka menghadirinya menjadi haram karena akan menimbulkan kemudaratan yang lebih besar jika yang bersangkutan hadir.

The development of small-scale freshwater aquaculture in Mozambique.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blessing Mapfumo
Keyword(s):  
Capacity Building ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Freshwater Species ◽  
Fish Ponds ◽  
Freshwater Aquaculture ◽  
Household Food Production ◽  
The Government ◽  
Aquaculture Development

Abstract This case study is based on information collected by the author during a visit to Mozambique in November 2008 and May 2009 as part of a scoping study by INFOSA for the Mozambique Small-scale Aquaculture Development Plan. The work involved collaboration with the Institute of Aquaculture Development in Mozambique (INAQUA). INFOSA currently has training and capacity building programmes for small-scale fisheries and aquaculture in Mozambique. Although aquaculture in Mozambique is in its infancy, the cultivation of freshwater species such as tilapias has been in existence for many years. The country has over 60 major rivers in addition to lakes, dams and freshwater lagoons and is dominated by a tropical climate. Potential for mariculture along the Indian Ocean has also been investigated for many years. Small-scale freshwater aquaculture in Mozambique is dominated by many fish farmers with small ponds averaging about 200 m2 in area. Production is generally low, subsistence oriented, and integrated with some form of agriculture. During the author's visit to many parts of the country in 2008, it was noted that there is generally huge interest amongst many farmers in taking aquaculture more seriously by operating it as a small business for income generation as well as for household food production. Assistance from the government has often come in various forms, but mainly through training and extension services offered by the Ministry of Agriculture and the Institute of Aquaculture Development in Mozambique (INAQUA), which falls under the Ministry of Fisheries. A few organized fish farmers have received direct financial support for the construction and management of fish ponds from the government. Non-governmental organizations and intergovernmental organizations such as the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) have been of great assistance in the past. Now that the regulatory framework for the development of aquaculture in Mozambique is in place, the government, through INAQUA is concentrating much on building strategies to improve production, especially among smallholder farmers. Part of the strategy involves organizing the individually scattered farmers, by district, into clusters and then trying to create larger, central farms that will act as drivers to these smallholder farmers. In addition, the government has accelerated its efforts to lure potential investors into supporting the developing aquaculture sector. This is in line with the FAO's Special Programme for Aquaculture Development in Africa (SPADA). A number of constraints to the development of aquaculture in Mozambique have been identified; poor infrastructure, and the requirements for training and capacity building, access to finance, and research and development. Other factors include poor coordination between the institutions, market access and a lack of planning strategies.

scholarly journals GREENPRENEURSHIP AT THE BASE OF THE PYRAMID: A SMALL SCALE COMMUNITY-BASED AFFORESTATION PROJECT IN INDONESIA

AGROFOR ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soeleman SUGIHARTO
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Revenue Sharing ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Base Of The Pyramid ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Land Owners ◽  
The Government

Approximately 41% of the Earth’s land surface is covered by drylands thatsupports 36% of the world’s human population. In Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia53% of the province is covered by drylands in which the driest regency, GunungKidul that occupies nearly 47% of the province, is covered by 70% agriculturaldryland. Despite the phenomena of forest degradation activities for agriculturaldevelopmet by large corporation, nearly abandoned agricultural drylands such as inGunung Kidul Regency exists all over Indonesia. Such drylands have not attractedlarge investors nor government to develop into agricultural activities due toeconomic reasons. This research explored a community based afforestation projectbeing carried out by the support of social investors and academic researchers,virtually without involvement of the government. Among other, teak is one of onlyfew plantations that could grow in such dryland areas and being the corecompetency of local farmers. The basic arrangement between the investors andfarmers was mudharabah revenue sharing as an alternative to conventional pay-incashto land owners and smallholder farmers. The economic benefits of theprogram were valued by using enterprise budget method by considering the capitalinvestment and operating expenses in which cost inflation and teakwood pricesincreases were incorporated. This research proved that the community-basedteakwood afforestation activities along with mudharabah revenue sharing inmarginal drylands could fairly improve the wealth of all stakeholders in theprogram.

scholarly journals Assessing sustainability factors of farmer seed production: a case of the Good Seed Initiative project in Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Kansiime ◽  
M. Bundi ◽  
J. Nicodemus ◽  
J. Ochieng ◽  
D. Marandu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Good Seed ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
Seed Systems ◽  
Contract Farming ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Seed Supply ◽  
The Government

Abstract Background Quality seed is at the core of the technological packages needed to increase crop production, nutrition, and rural wellbeing. However, smallholder farmers in Tanzania have limited access to affordable quality seeds, and over 90% of seed sown is saved by farmers from previous harvests, though its quality is often poor. The Good Seed Initiative (GSI) aimed to enhance access to quality African indigenous vegetable (AIV) seed in Tanzania, through the promotion of farmer seed production, using two models—contract farming and Quality Declared Seed (QDS). This study assessed post-GSI project sustainability factors and explored the prospects for replicating the approach in a wider regional context. Methods The study was conducted in Arusha and Dodoma, targeting locations where the GSI project was implemented. Qualitative tools employing focus group discussions (73 men, 69 women), and key informant interviews were used for data collection. Results Farmer seed production under both models continued to thrive, creating avenues for income diversification and contributing over 50% to household incomes. Farmer seed production contributed to increased availability of quality seed for vegetable growers, especially in central Tanzania that is less served by the formal sector. However, QDS production was challenged by a lack of access to foundation seed, inspections, and seed testing services, which are key for quality seed production. Conclusions Results reveal unequivocally that farmer seed production offers a potentially sustainable solution to the problem of seed supply while providing income benefits for seed producers. The market-based approach used by the project and partnerships with the formal sector, coupled with stimulation of demand through nutritional awareness campaigns, were strong contributory factors to the survival of farmer seed production. Farmer-led seed systems, especially QDS, deserve support from the government to develop a tailored and appropriate seed system that meets the ever-evolving needs of smallholder farmers. Adoption gender-inclusive approaches, particularly in contract farming is paramount to benefit women as much as men.

The role of graining in ensuring food security

2020 ◽  
pp. 75-79
Author(s):  
R. M. Gambarova
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
The Government ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Grain Farms

Relevance. Grain is the key to strategic products to ensure food security. From this point of view, the creation of large grain farms is a matter for the country's selfsufficiency and it leading to a decrease in financial expense for import. Creation of such farms creates an abundance of productivity from the area and leads to obtaining increased reproductive seeds. The main policy of the government is to minimize dependency from import, create abundance of food and create favorable conditions for export potential.The purpose of the study: the development of grain production in order to ensure food security of the country and strengthen government support for this industry.Methods: comparative analysis, systems approach.Results. As shown in the research, if we pay attention to the activities of private entrepreneurship in the country, we can see result of the implementation of agrarian reforms after which various types of farms have been created in republic.The role of privateentrepreneurshipinthedevelopmentofproduction is great. Тhe article outlines the sowing area, production, productivity, import, export of grain and the level of selfsufficiency in this country from 2015 till 2017.

Agrarian receipts as a tool for the structural transformation of financial and credit relations in the agrarian business of the region

2019 ◽  
pp. 40-53
Author(s):  
Yuliia Nehoda
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Structural Transformation ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Bank Lending ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
Agricultural Business ◽  
Business Entities

The subject of the research – is a set of organizational-economic relations arising in the process of structural transformation of financial and credit relations in the agricultural business. The purpose of the article is a retrospective analysis of structural transformations of financial and credit relations in the agricultural business, evaluation of the effectiveness and feasibility of the introduction of agricultural receipts as a new instrument of lending to the agricultural business of the regions. Methodology of work – system-structural and comparative analyzes (to determine the effectiveness of the crediting mechanism according to the agricultural receipts of the farmers of the region); monographic (when studying the problems of the functioning of the mechanism of lending to agrarians by agrarian receipts) economic analysis (when carrying out a comparative analysis of the mechanism of classical bank lending to the agrarian business and the mechanism of lending to agrarians according to agrarian receipts); modeling and forecasting (when determining ways to overcome the existing deficiencies in the mechanism of lending to agrarian business entities of the region according to agrarian receipts). The results of the work – a retrospective analysis of the structural transformation of financial and credit relations in the agricultural business was carried out. The mechanism of crediting agrarians according to agrarian receipts and the scale of its distribution in the agrarian business of the region are considered. A comparative analysis of the mechanism of classical bank lending to the agrarian business and the mechanism of lending to agrarians according to agrarian receipts was carried out. In the framework of the pilot project “Agrarian receipts in Ukraine” of the international financial corporation (IFC) in partnership with the Swiss Confederation in Ukraine, the example of the Poltava region defined the effectiveness of the crediting mechanism according to the agrarian receipts of the agrarians of the region. The advantages and disadvantages of the mechanism of crediting the subjects of the agrarian business on agrarian receipts are noted. The ways to overcome the existing shortcomings of the mechanism of crediting the subjects of the agrarian business of the region according to agricultural receipts are determined. Conclusions – according to the results of the conducted research, the effectiveness of the mechanism of lending to the agricultural business of the regions according to agricultural receipts was proved, its advantages and disadvantages were noted, and attention was also focused. Proposed in Art. 7 of Law No. 5479-VI clearly delineate cases and restrictions on the debtor’s reimbursement of expenses incurred by the lender with the acquisition of the right to grow and harvest the pledged crop of agricultural products, which will ensure the principle of equality of parties on economic benefits and distribution of credit risks according to agricultural receipts.

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