scholarly journals Improving the methodology for calculation of energy losses in axial turbine cascades

2021 ◽  
pp. 104-109
Author(s):  
М.Ю. Левенталь ◽  
Ю.М. Погодин ◽  
Ю.Р. Миронов
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Turbulence Model ◽  
Empirical Model ◽  
Turbulence Models ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Cfd Analysis ◽  
Sample Standard Deviation ◽  
Rans Model ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Turbine Cascades

Представлена оценка неопределенности прогнозирования потерь энергии в решетках профилей осевых турбин. В сравнении с экспериментальными данными рассмотрены эмпирическая модель ЦИАМ и метод CFD анализа в рамках RANS модели. Геометрические и режимные параметры решеток профилей варьируются в широком диапазоне. Результаты CFD расчета отличаются существенно в зависимости от модели турбулентности. Наименьшая неопределенность получена для модели рейнольдсовых напряжений RSM. Определено выборочное стандартное относительное отклонение для анализируемой базы данных. Применительно к CFD расчету данное отклонение составило 18,6%, применительно к эмпирической модели ЦИАМ 46,4%. Разработана эмпирическая модель коррекции потерь полученных по результатам CFD анализа с моделью турбулентности RSM. Корректирующая функция включает в себя геометрические и режимные параметры решеток и особенности течения в межлопаточном канале (всего 14 параметров). Использование разработанного подхода позволило снизить неопределённость прогнозирования потерь в 2 раза. В результате работы выборочное стандартное относительное отклонение предсказания потерь для рассматриваемой базы решеток профилей составило 9,3%. Estimation of the uncertainty in predicting profile losses using various models was performed. In comparison with the experimental data, empirical model of CIAM and method of CFD analysis are considered. RANS models are used. The geometric and operating parameters of the analyzed turbine cascades vary over a wide range. Turbulence models strongly influence loss prediction uncertainty. The smallest uncertainty was obtained using the RSM turbulence model. The sample standard deviation for the considered turbine cascades base was determined. The deviation for CFD analysis is 18.6%. For the empirical model of CIAM the deviation is 46.4%. The new empirical model has been created to correct the results of calculating losses according to the RANS model using the RSM turbulence model. The corrective function takes into account the influence of the geometric and operating parameters of the turbine cascades and the features of the airfoil flow (14 parameters in total). The developed approach allows reducing the uncertainty in the estimation of losses according to the RANS model by 2 times. As a result, the sample standard deviation in the prediction of losses is 9.3% for the considered turbine cascades base.

Sensitization of the SST Turbulence Model to Rotation and Curvature by Applying the Spalart–Shur Correction Term

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel E. Smirnov ◽  
Florian R. Menter
Keyword(s):  
Turbulent Flows ◽  
Turbulence Model ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Correction Term ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Turbulence Models ◽  
Reynolds Stress Transport Model ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sst Model ◽  
The One

A rotation-curvature correction suggested earlier by Spalart and Shur (1997, “On the Sensitization of Turbulence Models to Rotation and Curvature,” Aerosp. Sci. Technol., 1(5), pp. 297–302) for the one-equation Spalart–Allmaras turbulence model is adapted to the shear stress transport model. This new version of the model (SST-CC) has been extensively tested on a wide range of both wall-bounded and free shear turbulent flows with system rotation and/or streamline curvature. Predictions of the SST-CC model are compared with available experimental and direct numerical simulations (DNS) data, on the one hand, and with the corresponding results of the original SST model and advanced Reynolds stress transport model (RSM), on the other hand. It is found that in terms of accuracy the proposed model significantly improves the original SST model and is quite competitive with the RSM, whereas its computational cost is significantly less than that of the RSM.

A General Strategy to Extend Turbulence Models to Rough Surfaces: Application to Smith’s k-L Model

2007 ◽  
Vol 129 (10) ◽  
pp. 1245-1254 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Aupoix
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Turbulence Model ◽  
General Procedure ◽  
Turbulence Models ◽  
Wall Friction ◽  
General Strategy ◽  
Wall Roughness ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Hypersonic Shock ◽  
The Right

A general procedure to extend turbulence models to account for wall roughness, in the framework of the equivalent sand grain approach, is proposed. It is based on the prescription of the turbulent quantities at the wall to reproduce the shift of the logarithmic profile and hence provide the right increase in wall friction. This approach was previously applied to Spalart and Allmaras one equation (1992, “A One-Equation Turbulence Model for Aerodynamic. Flows,” 30th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, Reno, NV, AIAA paper No. 92-0439;1994, ibid, Rech. Aerosp. 1, pp. 5–21). Here, the strategy is detailed and applied to Smith’s two-equation k-L model (1995, “Prediction of Hypersonic Shock Wave Turbulent Boundary Layer Interactions With The k-l Two Equaton Turbulence Model,” 33rd Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, Reno, NV, Paper No. 95-0232). The final model form is given. The so-modified Spalart and Allmaras and Smith models were tested on a large variety of test cases, covering a wide range of roughness and boundary layer Reynolds numbers and compared with other models. These tests confirm the validity of the approach to extend any turbulence model to account for wall roughness. They also point out the deficiency of some models to cope with small roughness levels as well as the drawbacks of present correlations to estimate the equivalent sand grain roughness.

scholarly journals CFD Analysis of Golf Ball with Various Turbulence Models.

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1S) ◽  
pp. 491-497
Author(s):  
M.Sundararaj, Et. al.
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Turbulence Model ◽  
Rotational Motion ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Turbulence Models ◽  
Golf Ball ◽  
Cfd Analysis ◽  
Circular Arc ◽  
Motion Characteristics

In this research work we investigate the performance of golf ball with 256 circular arc dimples on golf ball. The turbulence characteristics and flow pattern over golf with various velocities investigated by computational fluid dynamics in suitable turbulence model, in addition that the distance covered by a ball and rotational motion characteristics also investigated with same turbulence model

An Assessment of Turbulence Models for S-Duct Diffusers With Flow Control

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Bhat ◽  
R. K. Sullerey
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Flow Control ◽  
Turbulence Model ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Turbulence Models ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Cfd Analysis ◽  
Duct Flow ◽  
Ansys Fluent ◽  
Sst Model

The selection of a turbulence model for a problem is not trivial and has to be done systematically after comparison of various models with experimental data. It is a well known fact that there is no such turbulence model which fits all problems ([3], [13]). The flow in S-duct diffuser is a very complex one where both separation and secondary flow coexist. Previous work by the author on CFD analysis of S-duct diffuser was done using k-ε-Standard model [1], however it has been seen that choosing other turbulence model may result in better capturing of the physics in such a problem. Also flow control, to reduce energy losses, is achieved using a technique called Zero Net Mass Flow (ZNMF), in which suction and vortex generation jets (VGJ) are combined and positioned at optimum location. A proper turbulence model has to be chosen for capturing these phenomena effectively. Extensive experimental data is available on this problem and ZNMF technique from previous work done by one of the authors which is used for validating the CFD results. Here the focus is on choosing the best turbulence model for the S-duct diffuser. Numerical (CFD) analysis is carried out using Ansys Fluent 13.0 with six turbulence models for the geometry with (ZNMF) and without (Bare duct) flow control and then compared with the experimental results. The turbulence models used are Spalart-Allmaras, three variants of k-ε – Standard, RNG and Realizable and two variants of k-ω – Standard and SST model. All the parameters of comparison are non-dimensionalized using the free stream properties, so that the results are applicable to a wider range of problems. This work is limited to incompressible flow analysis, as the experimental data is only available for low Mach number flows. Comparison of all these models clearly shows that results obtained using k-ω-SST model are very comparable to the experimental results for the bare duct (without flow control) and flow controlled duct both in terms of distribution of properties and aggregate results. Compressible flow analysis can be attempted to achieve reliable results in future with ZNMF using the best turbulence model based on this study.

scholarly journals A Logarithmic Turbulent Heat Transfer Model in Applications with Liquid Metals for PR = 0.01-0.025

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Da Vià ◽  
Sandro Manservisi ◽  
Valentina Giovacchini
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Turbulence Model ◽  
Liquid Metals ◽  
Turbulence Models ◽  
Turbulent Heat Flux ◽  
Turbulent Heat Transfer ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Turbulent Heat ◽  
Reynolds Analogy ◽  
Wide Range

The study of turbulent heat transfer in liquid metal flows has gained interest because of applications in several industrial fields. The common assumption of similarity between the dynamical and thermal turbulence, namely the Reynolds analogy, has been proven to be not valid for these fluids. Many methods have been proposed in order to overcome the difficulties encountered in a proper definition of the turbulent heat flux, such as global or local correlations for the turbulent Prandtl number or four parameter turbulence models. In this work we assess a four parameter logarithmic turbulence model for liquid metals based on RANS approach. Several simulation results considering fluids with Pr = 0.01 and Pr = 0.025 are reported in order to show the validity of this approach. The Kays turbulence model is also assessed and compared with integral heat transfer correlations for a wide range of Peclet numbers.

Numerical Investigation of Turning Diffuser Performance by Varying Geometric and Operating Parameters

2012 ◽  
Vol 229-231 ◽  
pp. 2086-2093 ◽  
Author(s):  
Normayati Nordin ◽  
Vijay R. Raghavan ◽  
Safiah Othman ◽  
Zainal Ambri Abdul Karim
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Investigation ◽  
Turbulence Model ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Turbulence Models ◽  
Reynolds Stress Model ◽  
Pressure Recovery ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Flow Uniformity ◽  
Outlet Pressure

This paper presents a numerical investigation of pressure recovery and flow uniformity in turning diffusers with 90o angle of turn by varying geometric and operating parameters. The geometric and operating parameters considered in this study are area ratio (AR= 1.6, 2.0 and 3.0) and inflow Reynolds number (Rein=23, 2.653E+04, 7.959E+04, 1.592E+05 and 2.123E+05). Three turbulence models, i.e. the standard k-e turbulence model (std k-e), the shear stress transport model (SST-k-W) and the Reynolds stress model (RSM) were assessed in terms of their applicability to simulate the actual cases. The standard k-e turbulence model appeared as the best validated model, with the percentage of deviation to the experimental being the least recorded. Results show that the outlet pressure recovery of a turning diffuser at specified Rein improves approximately 32% by varying the AR from 1.6 to 3.0. Whereas, by varying the Rein from 2.653E+04 to 2.123E+05, the outlet pressure recovery at specified AR turning diffuser improves of approximately 24%. The flow uniformity is considerably distorted with the increase of AR and Rein. Therefore, there should be a compromise between achieving the maximum pressure recovery and the maximum possible flow uniformity. The present work proposes the turning diffuser with AR=1.6 operated at Rein=2.653E+04 as the optimum set of parameters, producing pressure recovery of Cp=0.320 and flow uniformity of su=1.62, with minimal flow separation occurring in the system.

scholarly journals A Logarithmic Turbulent Heat Transfer Model in Applications with Liquid Metals for Pr = 0.01–0.025

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4337
Author(s):  
Roberto Da Vià ◽  
Valentina Giovacchini ◽  
Sandro Manservisi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Turbulence Model ◽  
Liquid Metals ◽  
Turbulence Models ◽  
Turbulent Heat Flux ◽  
Turbulent Heat Transfer ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Turbulent Heat ◽  
Reynolds Analogy ◽  
Wide Range

The study of turbulent heat transfer in liquid metal flows has gained interest because of applications in several industrial fields. The common assumption of similarity between the dynamical and thermal turbulence, namely, the Reynolds analogy, has been proven to be invalid for these fluids. Many methods have been proposed in order to overcome the difficulties encountered in a proper definition of the turbulent heat flux, such as global or local correlations for the turbulent Prandtl number and four parameter turbulence models. In this work we assess a four parameter logarithmic turbulence model for liquid metals based on the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RAN) approach. Several simulation results considering fluids with P r = 0.01 and P r = 0.025 are reported in order to show the validity of this approach. The Kays turbulence model is also assessed and compared with integral heat transfer correlations for a wide range of Peclet numbers.

Nucleic Acid Molecules Prepared by Monolayer Techniques

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 178-179
Author(s):  
Dimitrij Lang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Contour Length ◽  
Sample Standard Deviation ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Length Measurements ◽  
Protein Monolayer

The success of the protein monolayer technique for electron microscopy of individual DNA molecules is based on the prevention of aggregation and orientation of the molecules during drying on specimen grids. DNA adsorbs first to a surface-denatured, insoluble cytochrome c monolayer which is then transferred to grids, without major distortion, by touching. Fig. 1 shows three basic procedures which, modified or not, permit the study of various important properties of nucleic acids, either in concert with other methods or exclusively:1) Molecular weights relative to DNA standards as well as number distributions of molecular weights can be obtained from contour length measurements with a sample standard deviation between 1 and 4%.

Electron sources: Past, present, and future

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 764-765
Author(s):  
David C Joy
Keyword(s):  
Glass Tube ◽  
Source Size ◽  
Electron Gun ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Electron Sources ◽  
Difficult Decision ◽  
Probe Size ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Overall Performance

The electron source is the most important component of the Scanning electron microscope (SEM) since it is this which will determine the overall performance of the machine. The gun performance can be described in terms of quantities such as its brightness, its source size, its energy spread, and its stability and, depending on the chosen application, any of these factors may be the most significant one. The task of the electron gun in an SEM is, in fact, particularly difficult because of the very wide range of operational parameters that may be required e.g a variation in probe size of from a few angstroms to a few microns, and a probe current which may go from less than a pico-amp to more than a microamp. This wide range of operating parameters makes the choice of the optimum source for scanning microscopy a difficult decision.Historically, the first step up from the sealed glass tube ‘cathode ray generator’ was the simple, diode, tungsten thermionic emitter.

scholarly journals Analysis of Flow Characteristics and Effects of Turbulence Models for the Butterfly Valve

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 6319
Author(s):  
Sung-Woong Choi ◽  
Hyoung-Seock Seo ◽  
Han-Sang Kim
Keyword(s):  
Turbulence Model ◽  
Dissipation Rate ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Turbulence Models ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Nominal Diameter ◽  
Large Pressure ◽  
Sst Model ◽  
Turbulence Effect ◽  
Valve Opening

In the present study, the flow characteristics of butterfly valves with different sizes DN 80 (nominal diameter: 76.2 mm), DN 262 (nominal diameter: 254 mm), DN 400 (nominal diameter: 406 mm) were numerically investigated under different valve opening percentages. Representative two-equation turbulence models of two-equation k-epsilon model of Launder and Sharma, two-equation k-omega model of Wilcox, and two-equation k-omega SST model of Menter were selected. Flow characteristics of butterfly valves were examined to determine turbulence model effects. It was determined that increasing turbulence effect could cause many discrepancies between turbulence models, especially in areas with large pressure drop and velocity increase. In addition, sensitivity analysis of flow properties was conducted to determine the effect of constants used in each turbulence model. It was observed that the most sensitive flow properties were turbulence dissipation rate (Epsilon) for the k-epsilon turbulence model and turbulence specific dissipation rate (Omega) for the k-omega turbulence model.

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