Identifying Disease-Associated Functions Based on Weak Signals of Differential Expressions of Genes

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-241
Author(s):  
Jinfeng ZOU ◽  
Chunxiang HAO ◽  
Lang HE ◽  
Zheng GUO
Author(s):  
C J R Sheppard

The confocal microscope is now widely used in both biomedical and industrial applications for imaging, in three dimensions, objects with appreciable depth. There are now a range of different microscopes on the market, which have adopted a variety of different designs. The aim of this paper is to explore the effects on imaging performance of design parameters including the method of scanning, the type of detector, and the size and shape of the confocal aperture.It is becoming apparent that there is no such thing as an ideal confocal microscope: all systems have limitations and the best compromise depends on what the microscope is used for and how it is used. The most important compromise at present is between image quality and speed of scanning, which is particularly apparent when imaging with very weak signals. If great speed is not of importance, then the fundamental limitation for fluorescence imaging is the detection of sufficient numbers of photons before the fluorochrome bleaches.


1964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin C. Carterette ◽  
Morton P. Friedman ◽  
Robert Cosmujes

Author(s):  
Diksha Saluja ◽  
Rishabh Jhanji ◽  
Swati Kaushal ◽  
Bharti Verma ◽  
Neelam Sharma ◽  
...  

Abstract:: In the previous years of research, the use of animal model becomes very common for the screening of novel drugs. Animal model represents the complex problems of humans into simplest forms which can be extended further to include the experimental procedure. The most successful models in neuroscience, rats and mice, undoubtedly considered as one of the best models to understand the psychology of mammalian brain and its associated functions involved in various behavioral repertoire. Moreover, recently researchers in behavioral neuroscience are focusing more on the use of aquatic animals especially fish as model species due to their simplicity, and cost effectiveness. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a tropical fish from minnow family a genetic structure surprisingly 84 % similar to humans. It is gaining popularity as a model to study the mechanism in behavioral neuropharmacology. Moreover, Zebrafish is having numerous advantages over other rodent models like ease in maintenance due to their small size; breeding power is more, transparency of embryos, overall reduced cost of experimentation and many more. Nowadays, it is considered as an ideal model to study the neurobehavioral aspects with relevance to humans. It is also used in varieties of scientific studies like genetics, neuroscience, pharmacology, and toxicology. In this manuscript, we have described the feasibility and importance of Zebrafish as a model for the screening of novel drugs for different neurological disorders.


Futures ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 123 ◽  
pp. 102607
Author(s):  
Pedro Ivo Garcia-Nunes ◽  
Pedro Artico Rodrigues ◽  
Kaulitz Guimarães Oliveira ◽  
Ana Estela Antunes da Silva

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreia I. Pimenta ◽  
Nuno Bernardes ◽  
Marta M. Alves ◽  
Dalila Mil-Homens ◽  
Arsenio M. Fialho

AbstractBurkholderia cenocepacia is known for its capacity of adherence and interaction with the host, causing severe opportunistic lung infections in cystic fibrosis patients. In this work we produced Giant Plasma Membrane Vesicles (GPMVs) from a bronchial epithelial cell line and validated their use as a cell-like alternative to investigate the steps involved in the adhesion process of B. cenocepacia. RNA-sequencing was performed and the analysis of the B. cenocepacia K56-2 transcriptome after the first contacts with the surface of host cells allowed the recognition of genes implicated in bacterial adaptation and virulence-associated functions. The sensing of host membranes led to a transcriptional shift that caused a cascade of metabolic and physiological adaptations to the host specific environment. Many of the differentially expressed genes encode proteins related with central metabolic pathways, transport systems, cellular processes, and virulence traits. The understanding of the changes in gene expression that occur in the early steps of infection can uncover new proteins implicated in B. cenocepacia-host cell adhesion, against which new blocking agents could be designed to control the progression of the infectious process.


Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1497
Author(s):  
Chankook Park ◽  
Minkyu Kim

It is important to examine in detail how the distribution of academic research topics related to renewable energy is structured and which topics are likely to receive new attention in the future in order for scientists to contribute to the development of renewable energy. This study uses an advanced probabilistic topic modeling to statistically examine the temporal changes of renewable energy topics by using academic abstracts from 2010–2019 and explores the properties of the topics from the perspective of future signs such as weak signals. As a result, in strong signals, methods for optimally integrating renewable energy into the power grid are paid great attention. In weak signals, interest in large-capacity energy storage systems such as hydrogen, supercapacitors, and compressed air energy storage showed a high rate of increase. In not-strong-but-well-known signals, comprehensive topics have been included, such as renewable energy potential, barriers, and policies. The approach of this study is applicable not only to renewable energy but also to other subjects.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 2691-2700
Author(s):  
Stefan Goetz ◽  
Dennis Horber ◽  
Benjamin Schleich ◽  
Sandro Wartzack

AbstractThe success of complex product development projects strongly depends on the clear definition of target factors that allow a reliable statement about the fulfilment of the product requirements. In the context of tolerancing and robust design, Key Characteristics (KCs) have been established for this purpose and form the basis for all downstream activities. In order to integrate the activities related to the KC definition into product development as early as possible, the often vaguely formulated requirements must be translated into quantifiable KCs. However, this is primarily a manual process, so the results strongly depend on the experience of the design engineer.In order to overcome this problem, a novel computer-aided approach is presented, which automatically derives associated functions and KCs already during the definition of product requirements. The approach uses natural language processing and formalized design knowledge to extract and provide implicit information from the requirements. This leads to a clear definition of the requirements and KCs and thus creates a founded basis for robustness evaluation at the beginning of the concept design stage. The approach is exemplarily applied to a window lifter.


Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 3821
Author(s):  
Rita Meleddu ◽  
Angela Corona ◽  
Simona Distinto ◽  
Filippo Cottiglia ◽  
Serenella Deplano ◽  
...  

Current therapeutic protocols for the treatment of HIV infection consist of the combination of diverse anti-retroviral drugs in order to reduce the selection of resistant mutants and to allow for the use of lower doses of each single agent to reduce toxicity. However, avoiding drugs interactions and patient compliance are issues not fully accomplished so far. Pursuing on our investigation on potential anti HIV multi-target agents we have designed and synthesized a small library of biphenylhydrazo 4-arylthiazoles derivatives and evaluated to investigate the ability of the new derivatives to simultaneously inhibit both associated functions of HIV reverse transcriptase. All compounds were active towards the two functions, although at different concentrations. The substitution pattern on the biphenyl moiety appears relevant to determine the activity. In particular, compound 2-{3-[(2-{4-[4-(hydroxynitroso)phenyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl} hydrazin-1-ylidene) methyl]-4-methoxyphenyl} benzamide bromide (EMAC2063) was the most potent towards RNaseH (IC50 = 4.5 mM)- and RDDP (IC50 = 8.0 mM) HIV RT-associated functions.


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