Transferencias de conocimiento y tecnología en medicina y en ciencias de la salud: una introducción / Knowledge and Technology Transfer in Medicine and the Health Sciences: An Introduction

ABSTRACTAn analysis of the concept of the transfer of knowledge, in general, and, in particular, its application to the health system. Three aspects of the transfer of knowledge are analysed: concepts and data; technology and values; and the directions it takes, that is to say centripetally from the cordon of sciences outside the health system itself (or any specific field of knowledge) and centrifugally from this out to the general public. This exchange of knowledge (transfer, transmission, dissemination; all three variants are analysed in the piece) includes, as well as the knowledge itself, values that modify both the nucleus generating knowledge and its recipients. It is necessary, in our so-called communication or information society, to find out and quantify how transfers of knowledge (concepts, data and technology) influence the appearance of values arising from these transfers.RESUMENSe analiza el concepto transferencia de conocimientos en general y en su aplicación particular al sistema sanitario. La transferencia de conocimientos se analiza en su triple aspecto de conceptos y datos; tecnologías y valores, así como en las direcciones en que se da, es decir, de modo centrípeto, desde el cordón de ciencias externas al propio sistema sanitario (o en general a cualquier campo de conocimiento concreto) y desde este hacia el exterior incluida la población en general de modo centrífugo. Este intercambio de conocimientos (transferencia, transmisión, difusión; las tres variantes son analizadas en el trabajo) incorpora, junto al propio conocimiento, valores que modifican tanto al propio núcleo generador de conocimientos como a los receptores de los mismos, siendo necesario, en nuestra así llamada sociedad de la comunicación o de la información, conocer y cuantificar de qué modo influyen las transferencias de conocimientos (conceptos, datos, y tecnologías) en la aparición de valores que se derivan de dichas transferencias.

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Value generation from industry-science linkages in light of targeted open innovation

Journal of Knowledge Management ◽

10.1108/jkm-11-2016-0510 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 295-307 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Dirk Meissner ◽

Elias George Carayannis

Keyword(s):

Technology Transfer ◽

Knowledge Transfer ◽

Holistic View ◽

Content Type ◽

Knowledge And Technology Transfer ◽

Science And Research ◽

Desk Research ◽

Transfer Channels ◽

Science Technology And Innovation

Purpose This paper aims to provide a substantial overview of features and channels of knowledge and technology transfer in light of achieving impact from science and research. Design/methodology/approach The paper is conceptual with substantial desk research undertaken. A taxonomy of transfer channels is proved and levels of impact from STI proposed. Findings It is found that there are different levels of value generated from science, technology and innovation, each featuring different stakeholders with different agendas and expectations. It is argued that to make knowledge and technology transfer impactful and sustainable, a long-term and holistic view and approach is required. Originality/value Against most papers about technology and knowledge transfer, this work presents an overarching overview of objects, channels and features of partners involved in transfer. It is features technology and knowledge transfer from a holistic perspective and provides useful background for future empiric studies and impact assessments.

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Knowledge transfer as an essential function of research universities

Law and innovative society ◽

10.37772/2309-9275-2020-1(14)-8 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 53-60

Author(s):

G. Klimova

Keyword(s):

Technology Transfer ◽

Knowledge Transfer ◽

Research Universities ◽

Research University ◽

Main Body ◽

Transfer Of Knowledge ◽

Intellectual Activity ◽

Technology Park ◽

Knowledge Triangle ◽

The University

Problem setting. The features of an innovative society as a new type of social development are considered. The problems of the formation of a research university as a modification of classical universities in the context of modern global challenges are revealed. The main characteristics of research universities are presented. The innovative infrastructure of a research university is analyzed, which integrates the main components of its intellectual activity. The essence and mechanism of knowledge transfer in research universities are revealed. The international experience of knowledge transfer based on research universities is analyzed. Target of research. The purpose of this work is to determine the nature and mechanism of knowledge transfer in research universities. Analysis of recent researches and publications. In modern conditions, the phenomenon of knowledge transfer by the research university is a very important issue, as evidenced by the large number of publications in the modern scientific literature. It should be noted that Ukrainian scientists (V. Antonyuk, L. Antoshkina, I. Bondar, L. Lisogor. I. Kalenyuk, O. Karpenko, S. Katsura, O. Levchenko, V. Limar, V. L. Semiv, etc.) and foreign scientists (T. Takeushi, K. Beylon, G. Itzkowitz, D. Bell, M. Boysot, J. Dunning, W. Keller, F. Mahlup, M. Porat, etc. .). Despite the great attention of prominent scientists to the study of the above problem, some aspects of it still remain undiscovered. Article’s main body. One of the creative components of the national innovation system are universities, which are designed to train highly qualified personnel for the innovation sphere, are actively engaged in research, generation of new knowledge and technologies. The modernization of classical universities resulted in the emergence of research universities. There are three ways to create research universities. The first way is to select a small number of national universities, of the appropriate level and capacity, which are improved through additional budget funding. The second approach is based on the merging of existing universities into one new one, which corresponds to world indicators. The third direction involves the creation of new world-class universities “from scratch”. Generation of new scientific knowledge and educational activities are the two main pillars of the research university. The university, which is based on the concept of the “knowledge triangle”, also carries out a third type of activity related to the production of innovations. The implementation of innovative activities requires a system of its organization. It is called the knowledge transfer system. Knowledge transfer should ensure the transfer of knowledge, including technology, experience and skills, from the university to external customers – enterprises, public and government agencies, leading to innovation in the economy and the public sphere. The category of “knowledge transfer” is a fairly broad category. It includes the transfer of both explicit and implicit knowledge, both commercial and non-commercial activities. Compared to it, “technology transfer” is a narrower category. Conclusions and prospects for the development. For research and knowledge transfer in research universities, an innovative structure is formed, which integrates the four components of his intellectual activity. They are: • education (innovative educational programs); • research and production facilities (business incubator, technology park, laboratories, etc.); • structures that support innovation (offices of transfer and commercialization of innovation results); • structures that provide management of innovation activities and innovation infrastructure. The most important forms of implementation of the institute of knowledge transfer on the basis of research universities are business incubation, technology transfer center (CTT), technology park, research and educational centers (REC), etc.

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The Influence of Leadership on the Transfer of Knowledge and Work Effectivity at Secretariat Office in Boven Digoel Regency

HASANUDDIN JOURNAL OF BUSINESS STRATEGY ◽

10.26487/hjbs.v2i4.365 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 44-52

Author(s):

Yoseph Awunim ◽

Abdul Rahman Kadir ◽

Mahlia Muis

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Knowledge Transfer ◽

Path Analysis ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Direct Impact ◽

Transfer Of Knowledge ◽

Analysis Model ◽

Work Effectiveness ◽

Statistical Results ◽

Path Analysis Model

The research objective is to analyze the direct impact of leadership toward transfer knowledge and work effectiveness in Boven Digoel. Data analysis in this research is quantitative using a path analysis model (path analysis) with the help of Smart PLS Software version 3.2 .8. The research distributed questionnaires to 89 respondents of officers assigned at the secretariat office in Boven Digoel Regency. On the basis of statistical results, it was found that leadership can be said to have impacted positively and significant knowledge transfer and work effectiveness. The knowledge transfer also has a positive impact on work effectiveness.

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Technology transfer tools and mechanisms

Science, technologies, innovation ◽

10.35668/2520-6524-2020-4-09 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 87-92

Author(s):

N. I. Hornostai ◽

O. Y. Mykhalchenkova ◽

O. І. Lyubarsky

Keyword(s):

Technology Transfer ◽

Technological Development ◽

Scientific Research ◽

World Market ◽

Industrial Sector ◽

Automated System ◽

Real Economy ◽

International Technology Transfer ◽

Transfer Of Knowledge ◽

Technological Transfer

In the context of the need for sustainable development of the national economy and joining the group of leading countries — technology suppliers, the organization of a technology transfer system, which ensures the transition of the results of innovative activities from the stage of scientific research to the stage of practical application, becomes one of the most important tools for the scientific and technological development of the country. Technology transfer is a rather complex system with a sufficient variety of participants and resources, which are the “tool of the initiative and communication plan” that promote and are necessary for continuous innovation in the modern economy. The tools and mechanisms of technology transfer are discussed in the article, a model for the implementation of international technology transfer in UkrISTEI through the Automated system for the formation of interstate information resources, the International technological platform for the technology transfer of collective use, the Interregional Office for the Transfer of Knowledge and Technologies, the Open Innovation Platform was presented; these objects are participating parts in export and import of innovative technologies and form a modern mechanism for the transfer of these technologies between countries. The process of technological transfer necessary to assess the benefits obtained as a result of technology transfer and ways to achieve these benefits has been investigated. The authors of the article presented the relevance of scientific research in the field of technological transfer, which is explained by the following reasons: effective organization of the technology transfer process contributes to an increase in the implementation of state innovation programs in relation to the modernization and innovation of the real economy; technology transfer facilitates the continuous movement of research and development results (projects) into the industrial sector of the economy; the efficiency of technological transfer makes it possible to accelerate the formation of scientific, technological and industrial ties, as well as to strengthen the position of national production in the world market of science-intensive developments.

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Scientific Mobility, Training and Entrepreneurial Skills in Health Sciences: The Spanish Case

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18042195 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 2195

Author(s):

Pedro Aceituno-Aceituno ◽

Joaquín Danvila-del-Valle ◽

Abel González García ◽

Carlos Bousoño-Calzón

Keyword(s):

Knowledge Transfer ◽

Scientific Literature ◽

Health Sciences ◽

Global Entrepreneurship Monitor ◽

Know How ◽

Entrepreneurial Skills ◽

Scientific Mobility ◽

Health Authorities ◽

Job Opportunities ◽

Mobility Training

The activity of scientists promotes medical research in health services. However, on many occasions, these professionals do not know how to transfer their research results to the market. Therefore, it is worth providing data on aspects such as training in entrepreneurship and scientific mobility to foster knowledge transfer. This paper discusses data on the Spanish case in Health Sciences to devise effective policies in these areas. To this end, following the methodology of the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor report and the existing scientific literature, 291 researchers involved in scientific mobility in Spain have been interviewed. Of these, 90 belonged to health areas: Spanish scientists abroad (37), Scientists returned to Spain (16), and Young researchers in Spain (37). The results show that the mobile scientists in this area have more entrepreneurial and intrapreneurial intentions, have acquired more entrepreneurial skills, and have received more training in these subjects. Furthermore, there are few permanent positions for all these groups whose mobility decisions fundamentally depend on job opportunities, so the health authorities can intensify these measures to promote knowledge transfer.

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Curricular Change and Resiliency in the Era of Coronavirus (COVID-19): The Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU) Experience

Military Medicine ◽

10.1093/milmed/usaa491 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Arnyce R Pock ◽

Pamela M Williams ◽

Ashley M Maranich ◽

Ryan R Landoll ◽

Catherine T Witkop ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health System ◽

Health Sciences ◽

Lessons Learned ◽

Organizational Response ◽

Educational Goals ◽

Military Health System ◽

Military Health ◽

Health Crisis ◽

Core Curricula ◽

The Military

ABSTRACT Introduction The Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has presented a myriad of organizational and institutional challenges. The Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, like many other front line hospitals and clinics, encountered a myriad of challenges in fostering and sustaining the education of students enrolled at the nation’s only military medical school. Critical to the function of any academic medical institution, but particularly one devoted to the training of future physicians for the Military Health System, was the ability to rapidly adapt, modify, and create new means of keeping medical students engaged in their core curricula and progressing toward full and timely attainment of established educational goals and objectives. Methods This article highlights some of the particular challenges faced by faculty and students during the first 6 months of the COVID-19 pandemic and describes how they were managed and/or mitigated. Results Six key “lessons learned” were identified and summarized in this manuscript. These lessons may be applicable to other academic institutions both within and outside of the Military Health System. Conclusions Recognizing and embracing these key tenets of academic change management can accelerate the generation of a cohesive, organizational response to the next pandemic or public health crisis.

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29.F. Workshop: The Health Systems and Policy Monitor network: reforms and health system changes in the spotlight

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.1337 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽

Author(s):

◽

Keyword(s):

Health Policy ◽

Knowledge Transfer ◽

Health System ◽

Health Systems ◽

Comparative Research ◽

World Health ◽

State Of Health ◽

Wide Range ◽

Cross Country ◽

The Eu

Abstract The European Observatory established the Health Systems and Policy Monitor (HSPM) network in 2008, bringing together an international group of high-profile institutions from Europe and beyond with high academic standing in health systems and policy analysis. An important step was taken in 2011, when the Bertelsmann Health Policy Monitor, a 20-country-project with already significant overlap with the current HSPM network, merged with the Observatory's network of national lead institutions. Today, the network includes 40 institutions from 31 countries, with members participating in a wide range of activities and collaborations, such as writing the Observatory's flagship health system reports (HiTs), keeping the health policy community up-to-date on health system developments via the HSPM web platform, and contributing their expertise to reports, studies and knowledge transfer exercises co-ordinated by the Observatory for a variety of audiences, including ministries of health and international organisations such as the World Health Organization and the European Commission. In addition, network members participate in an annual meeting, hosted in a different member country every year, coming together over two days to exchange knowledge and experiences about the various health system reforms happening in their countries. The aim of these meetings is to present, discuss and start comparative research collaborations of the members that can inform policymaking. As part of a collaboration with the journal Health Policy, researchers of the HSPM network have published more than 100 articles on cross-country comparisons of policies or on ongoing nation health reforms in a special section - the Health Reform Monitor - of the journal. This workshop aims to provide the audience with an overview of the network and its expanding range of activities. An introductory presentation will briefly introduce the origins of the network and discuss its current line of work. The second presentation will provide an overview of reform trends that are routinely collected during the annual meetings as part of the “reform roundup”. The third presentation will give an example of how the network has contributed to the European Commission's State of Health in the EU initiative, by performing a 'rapid response” that informed the companion report to the State of Health in the EU country health profiles 2019. The fourth presentation is a typical example of the kind of collaborative work that the network is undertaking, i.e. involving multiple countries on a topic of shared interest. The workshop will conclude with a debate with the audience about the conceptual and methodological challenges as well as opportunities and future directions of cross-country comparative research and the HSPM network in particular. Key messages The Health Systems and Policy Monitor Network provides detailed descriptions of health systems and provides up to date information on reforms and changes that are particularly policy relevant. The Health Systems and Policy Monitor Network increasingly engages in comparative health systems research and knowledge transfer activities.

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From strategy to action: a qualitative study on salient factors influencing knowledge transfer in project-based experiential learning in healthcare organisations in Kenya

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031100 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. e031100

Author(s):

Tecla Chelagat ◽

Joseph Onyango ◽

Gilbert Kokwaro ◽

Jim Rice

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Study ◽

Knowledge Transfer ◽

Leadership Training ◽

Work Teams ◽

Healthcare Management ◽

Transfer Of Knowledge ◽

Completion Rates ◽

Design Work ◽

Improvement Project ◽

High Staff Turnover

ObjectivesKnowledge transfer is recognised as a key determinant of organisational competitiveness. Existing literature on the transfer of knowledge and skills imply diminutive return on investment in training and development due to the low application of learnt knowledge. Following devolution of health services provision to new counties in Kenya in 2013, Strathmore Business School designed an experiential facility improvement project-based leadership training programme for healthcare managers in the new counties. Selected healthcare management teams participated in the leadership training to improve health systems performance in the devolved counties in Kenya. Despite similar training, the projects implementation contexts were different, leading to different implementation completion rates. The aim of this study was to investigate the reasons for this disparity and then recommend solutions.DesignA qualitative study using semi-structured interviews. A thematic framework approach was used in data analysis.Setting and participantsThirty-nine projects teams constituting; 33 successful and 6 unsuccessful project teams, were purposively selected based on their project implementation success rates at the end of the leadership training. The managers had undertaken a team-based institutional improvement project. The prioritised projects were housed within; 23 public, 10 faith-based and 6 private health facilities in 19 counties in Kenya.ResultsOur findings indicate projects completion rates were influenced by (training design, work environment climate, trainee characteristics, team-based coaching and leveraging on occurring opportunities). Transfer barriers were (inadequate management support, inadequate team and staff support, high staff turnover, misalignment of board’s verses manager’s priorities, missing technical expertise, endemic strikes, negative politics and poor communication). Recommendations were (need-driven curriculum, effective allocation and efficient utilisation of resources, proper prioritisation, effective communication, longitudinal coaching and work-teams recruitment).ConclusionThe findings reveal that unless training interventions are informed by a need-driven curriculum customised to real-world work teams, the potential knowledge and skill transfer can be thwarted.

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