CURRENT APPROACH ON CUTANEOUS MELANOMA DIAGNOSTICS

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 638-644
Author(s):  
Mariya Ebert ◽  
Georgiy Gafton ◽  
Grigoriy Zinovev ◽  
I. Gafton
Keyword(s):  
Physical Examination ◽  
Cutaneous Melanoma ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Current Approach ◽  
Clinical Diagnostics ◽  
Skin Tumors ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Other Information

Melanoma is on the first place in mortality among all skin tumors. Over the past 50 years, there has been a steady increase in the incidence of cutaneous melanoma compared to other types of tumors. Rates of 5-year survival are fairly high, if melanoma is diagnosed in the early stages, which requires adequate diagnostics and treatment. Melanoma diagnostic, especially in the early stages, can be problematic even for an experienced dermatologist. However, primary contact doctor can be any specialty. Melanoma and other skin tumors can be detected by physical examination during treatment for another disease. Phenotypic risks factors, anamnestic data, and physical examination data are important in cutaneous melanoma diagnostics. The sensitivity of clinical diagnosis during a visual examination by an experienced dermatologist is approximately 70 percent. However, dermascopy can significantly increase the accuracy of a clinical diagnostics. In recent years there has been an active research for new non-invasive methods and algorithms for cutaneous melanoma diagnostics. The main goal of non-invasive diagnostics is to determine need for biopsy. This decision should be based on a combination of clinical and dermascopic examinations and other information, including growth dynamics, symptoms and medical history. Thus, an adequate diagnostic of cutaneous melanoma, including non-invasive and invasive methods, is a simple and economically viable way to early detection of cutaneous melanoma and to reduce mortality from this aggressive disease.

Impairment Tutorial: Spinal Cord Stimulation and Intraspinal Opioids:Impairment Rating Issues

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 4-5
Author(s):  
James B. Talmage ◽  
Leon H. Ensalada
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Current Approach ◽  
Satisfaction Survey ◽  
Start Time ◽  
Medical Evaluation ◽  
Independent Medical Evaluation ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Physician Reviews ◽  
Written Informed Consent

Abstract Evaluators must understand the complex overall process that makes up an independent medical evaluation (IME), whether the purpose of the evaluation is to assess impairment or other care issues. Part 1 of this article provides an overview of the process, and Part 2 [in this issue] reviews the pre-evaluation process in detail. The IME process comprises three phases: pre-evaluation, evaluation, and postevaluation. Pre-evaluation begins when a client requests an IME and provides the physician with medical records and other information. The following steps occur at the time of an evaluation: 1) patient is greeted; arrival time is noted; 2) identity of the examinee is verified; 3) the evaluation process is explained and written informed consent is obtained; 4) questions or inventories are completed; 5) physician reviews radiographs or diagnostic studies; 6) physician records start time and interviews examinee; 7) physician may dictate the history in the presence of the examinee; 8) physician examines examinee with staff member in attendance, documenting negative, physical, and nonphysiologic findings; 9) physician concludes evaluation, records end time, and provides a satisfaction survey to examinee; 10) examinee returns satisfaction survey before departure. Postevaluation work includes preparing the IME report, which is best done immediately after the evaluation. To perfect the IME process, examiners can assess their current approach to IMEs, identify strengths and weaknesses, and consider what can be done to improve efficiency and quality.

scholarly journals Non-invasive diagnostics in fossils - Magnetic Resonance Imaging of pathological belemnites

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Mietchen ◽  
H. Keupp ◽  
B. Manz ◽  
F. Volke
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Clinical Diagnostics ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Invasive Diagnostics

Abstract. For more than a decade, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has been routinely employed in clinical diagnostics because it allows non-invasive studies of anatomical structures and physiological processes in vivo and to differentiate between healthy and pathological states, particularly of soft tissue. Here, we demonstrate that MRI can likewise be applied to fossilized biological samples and help in elucidating paleopathological and paleoecological questions: Five anomalous guards of Jurassic and Cretaceous belemnites are presented along with putative paleopathological diagnoses directly derived from 3D MR images with microscopic resolution. Syn vivo deformities of both the mineralized internal rostrum and the surrounding former soft tissue can be traced back in part to traumatic events of predator-prey-interactions, and partly to parasitism. Besides, evidence is presented that the frequently observed anomalous apical collar might be indicative of an inflammatory disease. These findings highlight the potential of Magnetic Resonance techniques for further paleontological applications.

scholarly journals Socio-economic demands and challenges for non-invasive disease diagnosis through a portable breathalyzer by the incorporation of 2D nanosheets and SMO nanocomposites

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (35) ◽  
pp. 21216-21234
Author(s):  
Ramji Kalidoss ◽  
Radhakrishnan Kothalam ◽  
A. Manikandan ◽  
Saravana Kumar Jaganathan ◽  
Anish Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breath Analysis ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Clinical Diagnostics ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
2D Nanosheets

Breath analysis for non-invasive clinical diagnostics and treatment progression has penetrated the research community owing to the technological developments in novel sensing nanomaterials.

Identification of non-invasive biomarkers for early detection of breast cancer: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-05
Author(s):  
Asima Tayyab
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Early Breast Cancer ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Small Volume ◽  
Breast Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Purpose ◽  
Diagnose Breast Cancer ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Early Stages

Despite decades of research, diagnostic tests with specificity and accuracy for early breast cancer are yet unavailable. Major problems associated with poor diagnosis are either due to incompetency of reported biomarkers or small volume of patients under study. Moreover, heterogeneity of the disease further complicates the struggle of identifying effective biomarkers. Therefore, to improve the survival rate, look for new, sensitive and specific biomarkers for early breast cancer diagnosis is need of hour. In this study, we have reviewed recently reported serum biomarkers and categorized them based on their biomolecular nature such as protein, ctDNA, epigenetics regulation and miRNA. Potential role of these available biomarkers in early diagnosis of breast cancer has also been discussed. Based on the facts obtained from literature review, it is revealed that using any individual biomolecule as a biomarker is not sufficient to diagnose breast cancer at early stages rather it is suggested that a panel of proteins or miRNAs would offer better sensitivity and specificity. Whereas, unavailability of a potential ctDNA and epigenetics regulation candidate for diagnostic purpose is and suggest the use of more sophisticated techniques to unwound these regulations in serum especially at early stages of breast cancer.

scholarly journals The practical use of computed tomography in evaluation of shell lesions in six loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta)

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 394-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Spadola ◽  
G. Barillaro ◽  
M. Morici ◽  
A. Nocera ◽  
Z. Knotek
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Physical Examination ◽  
Lumbar Vertebra ◽  
Caretta Caretta ◽  
Tube Insertion ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Loggerhead Turtles ◽  
Invasive Method

Six adult loggerhead turtles were found stranded and were rescued near Sicily within a period of 12 months. Macroscopically apparent lesions of the shell were present. After thorough physical examination, ketamine-dexmedetomidine-atipamezole induction and tracheal tube insertion all six patients underwent computed tomographic examination under inhalant anaesthesia with isoflurane. A vertebral lesion at the level of the 3<sup>rd</sup> thoracic-lumbar vertebra with vertebral lamina and the vertebral body being involved without compression of the spinal cord, a vertebral lesion at the level of the 7<sup>th</sup> thoracic-lumbar vertebra and a vertebral lesion at the level of the 8<sup>th</sup> thoracic-lumbar vertebra were recorded in the first female. Loss of the shell near the left carapace-plastron bridge, with massive haemorrhage and compression of organs were present in the second female. The remaining four turtles had only superficial lesions with no involvement of bones and organs of the coelom. Computed tomography was proved to be a valuable non-invasive method for clinical examination of stranded sea turtles.

scholarly journals New adrenergic baroreflex evaluation in Valsalva maneuver

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (S1) ◽  
pp. S29-S29
Author(s):  
IS Palamarchuk ◽  
J Baker ◽  
K Kimpinski
Keyword(s):  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Baroreflex Sensitivity ◽  
Valsalva Maneuver ◽  
Current Approach ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Time Assessment

Background: Valsalva maneuver (VM) is a simple and non-invasive technique extensively utilized clinically to detect dysautonomia. VM provides detailed information of baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) which is an important cardiovascular and autonomic marker. However, the current approach for calculating its adrenergic component (BRSa1) is moderately reliable and fails to evaluate atypical VM patterns. Methods: We analyzed typical and atypical VM patterns of 89 young, healthy individuals (30 ±13 years) with the aim of improving BRSa evaluation. Objectives: 1) To determine a new BRSa calculation (BRSa2) applicable to different VM patterns; 2) correlate BRSa2 to BRSa1; 3) compare the internal consistency (ICC) between BRSa1 and BRSa2. Results: The BRSa2 calculation is a complex hemodynamic and time assessment equivalent to the slope in vagal BRS. In contrast to BRSa1, BRSa2 operates with hemodynamic indices easily detectable in any VM pattern. In atypical VM patterns, BRSa2 correlated with BRSa1: “flat-top responses” (r = 0.774, p < 0.01); rapid hemodynamic recovery (r = 0.461, p < 0.05). Most importantly, BRSa2 was more reliable than BRSa1 (ICC= 0.759 versus 0.469). Conclusion: BRSa2 is more reliable and allows atypical responses to VM to be analyzed, which clinically, could help differentiate natural physiological variances and mild adrenergic dysfunction.

scholarly journals Echocardiographic assessment of right ventricular function in experimental pulmonary hypertension

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 204589401984198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongkai Zhu ◽  
Dureti Godana ◽  
Ailing Li ◽  
Bianca Rodriguez ◽  
Chenxin Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Clinical Diagnostics ◽  
Rodent Models ◽  
Ejection Time ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Rv Function

Echocardiography, a non-invasive and cost-effective method for monitoring cardiac function, is commonly used for evaluation and pre-clinical diagnostics of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Previous echocardiographic studies in experimental models of PH are fragmentary in terms of the evaluation of right ventricle (RV) function. In this study, three rodent models of PH: a mouse model of hypoxia-induced PH, a rat model of hypoxia+Sugen induced PH and a rat model of monocrotaline-induced PH, were employed to measure RV fractional area change (RVFAC), RV free wall thickness (RVFWT), pulmonary acceleration time (PAT), pulmonary ejection time (PET), and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE). We found that, in these models, RVFWT significantly increased, but RVFAC, PAT, or PAT/PET ratios and TAPSE values significantly decreased. Accurate and complete TAPSE patterns were demonstrated in the three rodent models of PH. The RV echocardiography data matched the corresponding invasive hemodynamic and heart histologic data in each model. This serves as a reference study for real-time and non-invasive evaluation of RV function in rodent models of PH using echocardiography.

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