A two-location trial for selecting corn silage hybrids for the humid tropic: forage and grain yields and in vitro fermentation characteristics

This study assessed the nutrient profile and in vitro fermentation characteristics of flamboyant (Delonix regia) seeds subjected to different processing methods for sustainable ruminant production in humid tropic. Eight (8) different processing methods formed the experimental treatments, namely T1 (raw/control); T2 (roasted); T3 (soaked in water for 24 hours); T4 (soaked in water for 48 hours); T5 (soaked in rumen liquor for 24 hours); T6 (soaked in rumen liquor for 48 hours); T7 (parboiled for 45 minutes.) and T8 (cooked 45 minutes. The treatments were replicated three times in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Data obtained on the nutrient profile and in vitro fermentation characteristics was subjected to a One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) using statistical analysis system (SAS) version 9. The mean was separated using Duncan’s New multiple Range Test (DNMRT). The results showed that there was a significant (P<0.05) effects of processing methods on crude fibre (CF) and calcium (Ca) contents of the processed seeds with the values ranges from 2.97 % in T4 to 4.59% in T8 for crude fibre (CF). Similar (P>0.05) contents was recorded for dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), ash, neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), phosphorous (P) and iron (Fe) content across the experimental treatments, the contents ranges from 88.41 – 89.51%, 20.59 – 21.45%, 2.24 – 3.05%, 4.25 – 4.89% 38.89 – 39.78%, 25.14 – 25.47%, 3.7 – 4.0%, 62.90 – 66.50mg/kg for DM, CP, EE, ash, NDF, ADF, P and Fe content respectively. Significant (P<0.05) different was observed for methane gas (CH4) production, with values ranges from 15.33 – 29.33 (ml). Similar value was observed for fermentation efficiency (FE), short chain fatty acids (SCFA), in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) and metabolisible energy (ME) across the experimental treatments and the values ranges from 0.37 – 0.67, 0.75 – 1.02 Mmol, 61.92 – 68.61% and 7.38 – 9.55 MJ/kg DM, respectively. Conclusively, irrespective of the processing methods flamboyant seeds had adequate nutrients to meet the nutritional requirements of ruminants except crude fibre (CF) which can be fortified with roughages or fibrous feedstuffs. The in vitro fermentation characteristics showed that the seed has potentials as a feed resource to support ruminant animal production especially in the dry season.

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In vitro fermentation of corn silage using rumen fluid buffered or not and different sample amounts

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20140902 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 45 (12) ◽

pp. 2229-2232

Author(s):

Antonio Carlos Homem Junior ◽

Jane Maria Bertocco Ezequiel ◽

Henrique Leal Perez ◽

Marco Tulio Costa Almeida ◽

Josimari Regina Paschoaloto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Corn Silage ◽

Buffer Solution ◽

In Vitro Fermentation ◽

Ch4 Production ◽

Dry Matter Degradation ◽

Sample Amount ◽

Gas Volume

Methodological variations in the amount of sample incubated and the type of rumen fluid used are commonly observed. This study evaluated the effect of three sample amounts (0.6, 1.3 or 2.6g DM 100mL-1 of rumen fluid) incubated in rumen fluid buffered (BRF-buffered rumen fluid) or not (PRF-pure rumen fluid) on total gas volume (TV), methane (CH4) production, dry matter degradation (DM Deg) and final pH of corn silage incubated in vitro. The highest DM Deg was reached with the lowest amounts of sample (0.6 and 1.3g of DM 100mL-1 of rumen fluid). The sample amount of 2.6g associated with PRF reduced CH4 production (P<0.05), compared with the amounts of 0.6 and 1.3g DM 100mL-1, which had similar CH4 production (P>0.05). The use of BRF caused no effect on CH4 production (P>0.05), independent of the sample amount. Increasing the amount of substrate resulted in lower final pH of incubation in both fluids (P<0.05). Our results indicate that incubations should be performed with the smallest amount of sample (0.6g of DM 100mL-1 of rumen fluid), using fluid without buffer. Incubation without buffer solution overestimates the CH4 production of corn silage. Further studies should be conducted to verify the possibility of in vitro ruminal incubation of other ingredients using pure rumen fluid.

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Use of Exogenous Fibrolytic Enzymes to Enhance In Vitro Fermentation of Alfalfa Hay and Corn Silage

Journal of Dairy Science ◽

10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(07)71629-6 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 90 (3) ◽

pp. 1440-1451 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

J.-S. Eun ◽

K.A. Beauchemin ◽

H. Schulze

Keyword(s):

Corn Silage ◽

In Vitro Fermentation ◽

Fibrolytic Enzymes ◽

Alfalfa Hay

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Preservation of Human Gut Microbiota Inoculums for In Vitro Fermentations Studies

Fermentation ◽

10.3390/fermentation7010014 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 14

Author(s):

Nelson Mota de Carvalho ◽

Diana Luazi Oliveira ◽

Mayra Anton Dib Saleh ◽

Manuela Pintado ◽

Ana Raquel Madureira

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Metabolic Profile ◽

Bacterial Count ◽

Glycerol Solution ◽

Metabolic Profiles ◽

Human Gut ◽

Colonic Fermentation ◽

In Vitro Fermentation ◽

Fecal Samples

The use of fecal inoculums for in vitro fermentation models requires a viable gut microbiota, capable of fermenting the unabsorbed nutrients. Fresh samples from human donors are used; however, the availability of fresh fecal inoculum and its inherent variability is often a problem. This study aimed to optimize a method of preserving pooled human fecal samples for in vitro fermentation studies. Different conditions and times of storage at −20 °C were tested. In vitro fermentation experiments were carried out for both fresh and frozen inoculums, and the metabolic profile compared. In comparison with the fresh, the inoculum frozen in a PBS and 30% glycerol solution, had a significantly lower (p < 0.05) bacterial count (<1 log CFU/mL). However, no significant differences (p < 0.05) were found between the metabolic profiles after 48 h. Hence, a PBS and 30% glycerol solution can be used to maintain the gut microbiota viability during storage at −20 °C for at least 3 months, without interfering with the normal course of colonic fermentation.

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Wheat cell walls and constituent polysaccharides induce similar microbiota profiles upon in vitro fermentation despite different short chain fatty acid end-product levels.

Food & Function ◽

10.1039/d0fo02509g ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shiyi Lu ◽

Deirdre Mikkelsen ◽

Hong Yao ◽

Barbara Williams ◽

Bernadine Flanagan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Plant Cell ◽

Cell Walls ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽

Chain Fatty Acid ◽

Plant Cell Walls ◽

Human Gut ◽

In Vitro Fermentation

Plant cell walls as well as their component polysaccharides in foods can be utilized to alter and maintain a beneficial human gut microbiota, but it is not known whether the...

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Interaction of cellulose and xyloglucan influences in vitro fermentation outcomes

Carbohydrate Polymers ◽

10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117698 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 258 ◽

pp. 117698

Author(s):

Shiyi Lu ◽

Deirdre Mikkelsen ◽

Bernadine M. Flanagan ◽

Barbara A. Williams ◽

Michael J. Gidley

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Fermentation

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Effects of bismuth subsalicylate and calcium-ammonium nitrate on ruminal in vitro fermentation of bahiagrass hay with supplemental molasses

animal ◽

10.1016/j.animal.2021.100195 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (5) ◽

pp. 100195

Author(s):

D.D. Henry ◽

F.M. Ciriaco ◽

R.C. Araujo ◽

M.E. Garcia-Ascolani ◽

P.L.P. Fontes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ammonium Nitrate ◽

In Vitro Fermentation ◽

Calcium Ammonium Nitrate ◽

Bismuth Subsalicylate

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Dietary Fiber Modulates the Fermentation Patterns of Cyanidin-3-O-Glucoside in a Fiber-Type Dependent Manner

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10061386 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 1386

Author(s):

Zixin Yang ◽

Ting Huang ◽

Ping Li ◽

Jian Ai ◽

Jiaxin Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dietary Fiber ◽

Fiber Type ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Dietary Fibers ◽

Cell Wall Polysaccharides ◽

Total Carbohydrate ◽

In Vitro Fermentation ◽

Gas Volume

The interactions between cell-wall polysaccharides and polyphenols in the gastrointestinal tract have attracted extensive attention. We hypothesized that dietary fiber modulates the fermentation patterns of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) in a fiber-type-dependent manner. In the present study, the effects of four dietary fibers (fructose-oligosaccharides, pectin, β-glucan and arabinoxylan) on the modulation of C3G fermentation patterns were investigated through in vitro fermentation inoculated with human feces. The changes in gas volume, pH, total carbohydrate content, metabolites of C3G, antioxidant activity, and microbial community distribution during in vitro fermentation were analyzed. After 24 h of fermentation, the gas volume and total carbohydrate contents of the four dietary-fiber-supplemented groups respectively increased and decreased to varying degrees. The results showed that the C3G metabolites after in vitro fermentation mainly included cyanidin, protocatechuic acid, 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzoic acid, and 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzaldehyde. Supplementation of dietary fibers changed the proportions of C3G metabolites depending on the structures. Dietary fibers increased the production of short-chain fatty acids and the relative abundance of gut microbiota Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, thus potentially maintaining colonic health to a certain extent. In conclusion, the used dietary fibers modulate the fermentation patterns of C3G in a fiber-type-dependent manner.

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Associative Effects between Forages and Concentrates on In Vitro Fermentation of Working Equine Diets

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11082212 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 2212

Author(s):

Mónica Gandarillas ◽

Juan Pablo Keim ◽

Elisa María Gapp

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Volatile Fatty Acid ◽

Animal Species ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Gas Production ◽

In Vitro Fermentation ◽

In Vitro Gas Production ◽

Production Experiment ◽

Need To Evaluate

Background: Horses are hindgut fermenters, and it is therefore important to determine the postgastric nutritive value of their feedstuffs and diets. Moreover, it has been demonstrated in other animal species that the fermentation of diets results in different values than those expected from pure ingredients. Therefore, the general objective of this work is to evaluate the gas production (GP) and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration, as well as the associative effects, of mixtures of different forages and concentrated foods, which are representative of the traditional diets of high-performance horses. Methods: An in vitro gas production experiment was conducted to assess the fermentation of two forages and three concentrates that are typical in horse diets. The combination of 70% of forage and 30% concentrates was also assessed to determine potential associative effects. Results: Concentrates and grains produced higher GP and VFA than forages when evaluated alone. When experimental diets were incubated, GP parameters and VFA concentrations of forage–concentrate mixtures had unexpected differences from the values expected from the fermentation of pure ingredients, suggesting the occurrence of associative effects. Conclusions: Our results indicate that there is a need to evaluate the fermentation of diets, rather than predicting from the values of pure ingredients.

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