scholarly journals Phenomenology as the Methodology of Historical Poetics

2019 ◽  
pp. 20-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ihor Yudkin
Keyword(s):  
Phenomenological Models ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Proper Names ◽  
Historical Consciousness ◽  
Stylistic Development ◽  
Historical Objects ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Culture ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Phenomenological Principle

Phenomenology as the method of displaying essence behind the outer outlook of the observed phenomena gains wide use within various realms of knowledge. It has become the basis for diagnostics and the study of phylogenies within biology. Its various aspects are applied in different branches of humanities, meanwhile, it lacks its approach towards the history of culture. The definition of phenomena and epiphenomena as the prerequisite for mental experiments can exemplify its effectiveness for the historical researches. The phenomenological principle of subjective activity makes it possible to develop the doctrine of intentional reflection as the instrument for disclosing targets in the situations of conflicts. The concept of eidetic reduction and the evaluation of a priori experience turn to become effective for the study of historical consciousness. The intuitionist logics aims at the presentation of proper names conforming to the peculiarities of unique and irreproducible historic events. The distance of historical objects can be conceived on the basis of cycled constructions as the instrument of eidetic logics. The concept of inter-subjective relations generalizes that of communication as the condition of existence of ideal objects. Phenomenological models have proved to become effective to explain such peculiarities of stylistic development as the permanence of traditions together with their revival and transformation. There arises the principle of mutuality of synchronic and diachronic aspects of text together with the formation of the concept of history as text. Theatrical interpretation becomes the model of a mental experiment in history.

The Structure of French Romantic Histories of Religions

Numen ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-286
Author(s):  
Arthur McCalla
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Philosophy Of History ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Religious Thought ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Christian Doctrine ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractThis article analyzes the histories of religions of Louis de Bonald, Antoine Fabre d'Olivet, Pierre-Simon Ballanche, and Ferdinand d'Eckstein. Rather than offer yet another definition of Romanticism, it seeks to establish a framework by which to render intelligible a set of early nineteenth-century French histories of religions that have been largely ignored in the history of the study of religion. It establishes their mutual affinity by demonstrating that they are built on the common structural elements of an essentialist ontology, an epistemology that eludes Kantian pessimism, and a philosophy of history that depicts development as the unfolding of a preexistent essence according to an a priori pattern. Consequent upon these structural elements we may identify five characteristics of French Romantic histories of religions: organic developmentalism; reductionism; hermeneutic of harmonies; apologetic intent; and reconceptualization of Christian doctrine. Romantic histories of religions, as syntheses of traditional faith and historical-mindedness, are at once a chapter in the history of the study of religion and in the history of religious thought.

On Studying Comparative Religion

1975 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Zwi Werblowsky
Keyword(s):  
International Association ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Recent Contribution ◽  
Natural Scientist ◽  
History Of Religions ◽  
Similar Remark ◽  
History Of ◽  
Field Workers ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Analytical Tools

The Dutch writer Menno ter Braak once observed that when there is no bacon in the larder you tend to spend your time sharpening your knives. In a different context a somewhat similar remark concerning his preoccupation with the sharpening of his analytical tools was made by the philosopher Husserl. Applying these remarks—without the least intent of facetiousness—to the comparative study of religions, we might say that concern with methodology should be an occasional pastime, in which we may indulge at moments when we take an occasional respite from our substantive labours—but with plenty of bacon, as it were, in the larder. The quinquennial congresses of the International Association for the History of Religions are undoubtedly an appropriate occasion for such critical and reflective introspection. In fact, some of the best methodological clarifications come not froma priorilegislators but from active researchers stepping back for a moment, putting some distance between their nose and the grindstone, and asking themselves what exactly they and their colleagues have been and are doing, and how they should best proceed. (I am thinking, e.g., of J. Schwab's penetrating and profound essay ‘What do Scientists do?’ as an outstanding example of such reflection by a natural scientist.) Whilst the sterility of abstract discussions about the definition of religion is generally admitted, it should be acknowledged that some exceedingly helpful suggestions have been made by practising field-workers and historians of religion. I am thinking of e.g., C. Geertz, M. Spiro, and Th. van Baaren. Other examples of the theoretical clarifications resulting from the interaction—addicts of the currently fashionable jargon would say ‘feedback’—between attempts at definition and the actualpraxisof historians of religion are H. Ch. Puech's short introduction and A. Brelich's majorProlégomènesin vol. i of the PléiadeHistoire des Religions(1970), as well as U. Bianchi's thoughtful and thought-provoking recent contribution. Clearly students of religion continue to be very much exercised by the double problem of the nature of their subject-matter and of the proper methods of studying it.

scholarly journals Production of popular science films in Leningrad: late 1940s – 1960s

2021 ◽  
pp. 75-85
Author(s):  
Mariya Vladimirovna Kalenichenko
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Popular Science ◽  
Central State ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Production Stages ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Culture ◽  
Definition Of

This article is dedicated to the history of the Soviet popular science cinematography on the example of the Leningrad film studio “Lentekhfilm” / “Lennauchfilm"” during the late 1940s – 1960s.The goal of this work consists in tracing the development and production stages of popular science films at the Leningrad film studio “Lennauchfilm”.  The author sets the following tasks: follow the work of the film studio “Lennauchfilm” based on the archival materials, as well as determine the main plotlines of popular science films of the period under review. The article employs archival documents stored in the fund No. 243 of the St. Petersburg Central State Archive of Literature and Art. Namely, based on the materials of the annual financial and production reports of the film studio, using the quantitative methods, the author carries out the sampling of films that were classified as popular science. The author also applies the problem-chronological method for studying the stages of operation of the film studio. The novelty of this research consists in determination of production volumes of popular science films at a particular film studio, as well as their main themes. As a result, the author highlights six main plotlines: natural sciences, geography of the country, industry and agriculture, education of children and adolescents, history of culture and art, historical-revolutionary. The conclusion is made that the Soviet popular science cinematography was aimed not only at popularization of scientific knowledge (as follows from the definition of the term “popular science film” given in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia), but also performed the important political and civic functions on youth education, distribution of technical knowledge, as well as illustration of the achievements of the Soviet Union in economic and social policy.

scholarly journals The past in the present: experience of structural-semantic analysis of the image of Lady Destiny in Hegel's "Phenomenology of Spirit"

2021 ◽  
pp. 73-84
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav Ivanovich Korotkikh
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Conceptual Structure ◽  
Historical Consciousness ◽  
Phenomenology Of Spirit ◽  
The Past ◽  
Present Experience ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Culture

This article explores the Hegelian concept of cognition of the history of culture reflected in the “Phenomenology of the Spirit” in the image of Lady Destiny. Therefore, the author offers a new translation version of one of the fragments of Hegel's “Phenomenology of Spirit”, which is of fundamental importance for understanding the message of the work and its structure. Special attention is given to the Hegelian perspective on historical cognition, peculiarities of the language of “Phenomenology of Spirit”, and the role of imagery in describing the “experience of consciousness”. The author substantiates the statement that recognition of the universal correlations and integrity of history serves as the prerequisite for its comprehensibility. The article indicates the dependence of the developed by Hegel concept of nature and purpose of the philosophy on his doctrine of historical consciousness. A detailed analysis is conducted on the image of Lady Destiny and its role within the conceptual structure of the “Phenomenology of the Spirit”. The author describes the role of this image in the Hegelian concept of cognitions of the history of culture, analyzes the place of imagery means in describing the experience of consciousness, adjusts the traditional representations on the nature and peculiarities of the system of Hegel's philosophy. Emphasis is placed on the importance of personal aspect in the Hegelian concept of historical cognition and it correlation with the central for Hegel’s philosophy intuition of history as a complete whole. The research employs a set of historical-philosophical methods, as well as comparative analysis of the historical-cultural phenomena. In translation of the Hegelian text, the author resorts to etymology for clarification of the available Russian translations.

scholarly journals Defining (LGBTQ) Community

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoff Bardwell
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Lesbian And Gay ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The University ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Physical Spaces

Historical research on lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) communities in Canada has overwhelmingly focused on communities in larger urban settings. This article builds on this research by examining the experiences, histories, and defining characteristics of LGBTQ community in London, Ontario. Qualitative interviews with twenty participants were completed to acquire in-depth perspectives on how LGBTQ community is defined and experienced in the London context. Additional interviews were completed with five key informants who had lived in London for over twenty years to provide more of a historical context to the study. Archival research was conducted at the Canadian Lesbian and Gay Archives and the Hudler Archives at the University of Western Ontario Libraries. Research data was then analyzed using a priori themes and emergent categories. Four major themes of community were described by study participants: (1) support; (2) common or shared visions/goals; (3) physical spaces; and (4) LGBTQ-specific events. These resulting themes were applied retrospectively through an historical analysis of the Homophile Association of London Ontario (HALO) club. This research is important because it provides a localized definition of LGBTQ community and fills a void in the literature on LGBTQ histories in Canada by focusing on a smaller city. Furthermore, this research on HALO runs counter to arguments by other historians that suggest that homophile associations were short-lived, fragmented, and conservative. The history of the HALO club is a significant example of the ways in which community can be developed and sustained in a smaller city.

scholarly journals Subjectivity of the perception of Time in the Myth -making of the Soviet Era

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (120) ◽  
pp. 155-161
Author(s):  
Tatiyana I. Erokhina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Cultural Knowledge ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Soviet Culture ◽  
Cultural Codes ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Culture ◽  
Perception Of Time ◽  
Definition Of

Time is the basic concept of modern cultural and socio-cultural knowledge. Being a part of the chronotope, the concept of time in the history of culture becomes self-sufficient and is represented at different levels. The discourse of time sets an axiological system of coordinates and cultural codes that allow us to reveal the essential characteristics of different types of culture. The most representative transformation of ideas about time is represented in Soviet culture, which claims to model a new picture of the world. The article deals with the mythological discourse of time, which reveals the temporality of human existence in the Soviet era. The author analyzes the structure and semantic content of the definition of mythological time, determines the vectors of subjectivization of time in the process of myth-making. Mythological time cycles and holidays created during the Soviet period are outlined, and the futuristic and utopian nature of the time paradigm is revealed. When discussing the topic, the author turns to the representation of the perception of time in artistic and everyday practices, and notes the transformation and evolution of the discourse of timein relation to theoretical models of temporality. The author notes the ritual nature of Soviet culture, in which time becomes not only a condition for the existence of the ritual, but also its content aspect. The time paradigm becomes the ontological basis for the formation of the Soviet canon in art. The article outlines the continuity and originality of the subjectivization of time in the myth-making of the Soviet era, which can become the basis for understanding the evolution and paradoxical nature of the temporal discourse of modernity.

A Note on New Deal Iconography: Futurology and the Historical Myth

Prospects ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 421-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karal Ann Marling
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Coherent Image ◽  
Time Concepts ◽  
History Of ◽  
Erwin Panofsky ◽  
American Painting ◽  
History Of Culture ◽  
Socially Relevant ◽  
Definition Of

In 1939 Erwin Panofsky opened his seminal essay on the interpretation of expressive content in the visual arts with a bold definition of a new and socially relevant discipline. “Iconography,” he declared, “is that branch of the history of art which concerns itself with the subject matter or meaning of works of art, as opposed to their form.” According to his model, subject matter can be read in three stages, ranked in an ascending hierarchy of richness and complexity. The first and simplest step isolates the “factual meaning” of patterns and shapes under the guidance of the history of style, or knowledge of the ways in which, at a given moment in time, objects were expressed by forms. Hence, certain arrangements of line and color in an American painting of 1934, let us say, may be identified as a representation of a male figure grimly carrying a flat rectangular object on a pole. When this object can subsequently be recognized as a sign bearing the legend “On Strike,” the “secondary or conventional” subject matter is exposed: the hypothetical canvas depicts a strike. Subject to a knowledge of the history of types, or the ways in which, at a given moment in time, concepts were expressed by objects, the motifs of worker and placard form a coherent image, which conveys the concept or story of a strike. These “factual” and “conventional” revelations are the prelude to an exposition of “intrinsic meaning”; the history of culture and ideas is brought to bear on the work of art in this third and final stage through an intuitional process, which suggests how “the essential tendencies of the human mind” in a given epoch have been expressed via objects and concepts, style and type.

Epistemology of Measurement: The Relevance of its History for Quantification in the Social Sciences

2003 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Michell
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Measurement Theory ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Qualitative Change ◽  
Conjoint Measurement ◽  
Psychological Attributes ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of

Five episodes in the history of quantitative science provided the occasions for changes in the understanding of measurement important for attempts at quantification in the social sciences. First, Euclid's generalization of the ancient concept of measure to the concept of ratio provided a clear rationale for the use of numbers in quantitative science, a rationale that has been important through the history of science and one that contradicts the definition of measurement currently fashionable within the social sciences. Second, Duns Scotus's modelling of qualitative change upon quantitative change provided the opportunity to extend measurement from extensive to intensive attributes, a shift that makes it clear that the possibility of measuring qualitative attributes in the social sciences is not one that can be ruled out a priori. Third, Hölder's specification of the character of quantitative attributes showed that quantitative structure is a specific kind of empirical structure, one that is not logically necessary and, therefore, it shows that it is not necessary that any psychological attributes must be quantitative either. Taking the points emanating from Duns Scotus and Hölder together, the issue of whether psychological attributes are quantitative is shown to be an empirical issue. Fourth, Campbell's delineation of the categories of fundamental and derived measurement, and his subsequent critique of psychophysical measurement, showed that attempts at psychological measurement raised new challenges for measurement theory. Fifth, the articulation of the theory of conjoint measurement by Luce and Tukey reveals one way in which those challenges might be met. Taken as a whole, these episodes show that attempts at measurement in the social sciences are continuous with the rest of science in the sense that the issue of whether social science attributes can be measured raises empirical questions that can be answered only in the light of scientific evidence.

EPITAFIES OF THE RELATIVES OF HADJI IBRAHIM AL-URADI AS A SOURCE ON THE BIOGRAPHY OF THE SCIENTIST AND ON THE HISTORY OF GIDATL

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
Sh M Khapizov ◽  
M G Shekhmagomedov
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Medieval History ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
The Past ◽  
Arabic Script ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Culture ◽  
The Look ◽  
Cultural Monuments ◽  
Written Sources

The article is devoted to the study of inscriptions on the gravestones of Haji Ibrahim al-Uradi, his father, brothers and other relatives. The information revealed during the translation of these inscriptions allows one to date important events from the history of Highland Dagestan. Also we can reconsider the look at some important events from the past of Hidatl. Epitaphs are interesting in and of themselves, as historical and cultural monuments that needed to be studied and attributed. Research of epigraphy data monuments clarifies periodization medieval epitaphs mountain Dagestan using record templates and features of the Arabic script. We see the study of medieval epigraphy as one of the important tasks of contemporary Caucasian studies facing Dagestani researchers. Given the relatively weak illumination of the picture of events of that period in historical sources, comprehensive work in this direction can fill gaps in our knowledge of the medieval history of Dagestan. In addition, these epigraphs are of great importance for researchers of onomastics, linguistics, the history of culture and religion of Dagestan. The authors managed to clarify the date of death of Ibrahim-Haji al-Uradi, as well as his two sons. These data, the attraction of written sources and legends allowed the reconstruction of the events of the second half of the 18th century. For example, because of the epidemic of plague and the death of most of the population of Hidatl, this society noticeably weakened and could no longer maintain its influence on Akhvakh. The attraction of memorable records allowed us to specify the dates of the Ibrahim-Haji pilgrimage to Mecca and Medina, as well as the route through which he traveled to these cities.

Towards the digital land reclamation

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
Sergey Vasil'ev ◽  
Vyacheslav Schedrin ◽  
Aleksandra Slabunova ◽  
Vladimir Slabunov
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Optimal Management ◽  
Scientific Potential ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Full Cooperation

The aim of the research is a retrospective analysis of the history and stages of development of digital land reclamation in Russia, the definition of «Digital land reclamation» and trends in its further development. In the framework of the retrospective analysis the main stages of melioration formation are determined. To achieve the maximum effect of the «digital reclamation» requires full cooperation of practical experience and scientific potential accumulated throughout the history of the reclamation complex, and the latest achievements of science and technology, which is currently possible only through the full digitalization of reclamation activities. The introduction of «digital reclamation» will achieve greater potential and effect in the modernization of the reclamation industry in the «hightech industry», through the use of innovative developments and optimal management decisions.

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