scholarly journals Statistical model for evaluation of the impact of climatic conditions on the crops production: the regional aspects

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Olena POSHYVALOVA
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Statistical Model ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Methods Of Analysis ◽  
Leguminous Crops ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Average Annual Precipitation ◽  
Statistical Indicators

The work examines the statistical model for evaluation of the impact of climatic conditions on the crops production in Ukraine. The conducted content analysis of academic literary sources enables to arrive at conclusion that the majority of Ukrainian scholars consider changes in climatic zones of Ukraine a positive trend for crops production. It must be emphasized, nonetheless, that the increase in natural heat provision for crops production against the backdrop of a significant reduction in average annual precipitation considerably diminishes the sizes of cultivated and harvested areas, gross yield and overall crop yield of basic crops and perennial plantings. To perform calculations on key statistical indicators of crops production the following tools have been employed: methods of analysis of absolute, relative and average values; methods of elaboration and study of groupings; methods of analysis of the structure of statistical populations; methods of cross-impact analysis of indicators; methods of trend studies. The analysis concerned the dynamics of change in statistical indicators of crops production in Kherson oblast over the period of 1990–2019: gross yield of cereal and leguminous crops; total harvesting area of cereal and leguminous crops; wheat yields; cereal and leguminous crops production per capita. Periods of diverse degrees of occurrence of atmospheric precipitation in Kherson oblast according to the level of liquid saturation have been grouped: dry, medium, humid. It has been proved that winter wheat yields are affected by the following factors: size of the cultivation area and average annual precipitation. It is established that the digitalization of the agriculture contributes to the decrease in pressure on land and water resources, provision of conditions for “clean”, sustainable and eco-friendly agricultural products, increase in gross yield of crops, provision of conditions for efficient use of resources, capability of Big Data processing. Prospects for further research lie in elaboration of a multi-factor non-linear modeling of winter wheat yield with account for the factors of humus and soil pH; average annual atmospheric temperature, etc.

scholarly journals The impact of Cenozoic cooling on assemblage diversity in planktonic foraminifera

2016 ◽  
Vol 371 (1691) ◽  
pp. 20150224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel S. Fenton ◽  
Paul N. Pearson ◽  
Tom Dunkley Jones ◽  
Alexander Farnsworth ◽  
Daniel J. Lunt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Model ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Planktonic Foraminifera ◽  
Late Eocene ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Global Climate Models ◽  
Geological Time ◽  
Relevant Variable ◽  
Environmental Controls ◽  
The Impact

The Cenozoic planktonic foraminifera (PF) (calcareous zooplankton) have arguably the most detailed fossil record of any group. The quality of this record allows models of environmental controls on macroecology, developed for Recent assemblages, to be tested on intervals with profoundly different climatic conditions. These analyses shed light on the role of long-term global cooling in establishing the modern latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG)—one of the most powerful generalizations in biogeography and macroecology. Here, we test the transferability of environment-diversity models developed for modern PF assemblages to the Eocene epoch (approx. 56–34 Ma), a time of pronounced global warmth. Environmental variables from global climate models are combined with Recent environment–diversity models to predict Eocene richness gradients, which are then compared with observed patterns. The results indicate the modern LDG—lower richness towards the poles—developed through the Eocene. Three possible causes are suggested for the mismatch between statistical model predictions and data in the Early Eocene: the environmental estimates are inaccurate, the statistical model misses a relevant variable, or the intercorrelations among facets of diversity—e.g. richness, evenness, functional diversity—have changed over geological time. By the Late Eocene, environment–diversity relationships were much more similar to those found today.

scholarly journals Post-harvest quality of pineapple guava [Acca sellowiana (O. Berg) Burret] fruits produced in two locations at different altitudes in Cundinamarca, Colombia

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-78
Author(s):  
Alfonso Parra-Coronado ◽  
Gerhard Fischer ◽  
Jesús Camacho-Tamayo
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Soluble Solid Content ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Pineapple Guava ◽  
Average Annual Precipitation

The quality of pineapple guava fruits during post-harvest storage depends directly on their quality at harvest and is influenced by climatic conditions during growth. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of climatic conditions on certain parameters of fruit quality during post-harvest storage. Twenty trees were tagged in two locations within the department of Cundinamarca (Colombia), recording the climatic conditions during fruit growth until harvest. The fruits were differentiated by place of origin and stored at 18 ± 1ºC (76 ± 5% relative humidity, RH) for 11 d or 5 ± 1ºC (87 ± 5% RH) for 31 d, evaluating several quality attributes every two d. The places of origin were San Francisco de Sales (1,800 m a.s.l., 20.6oC, 63-97% RH, with an average annual precipitation of 1,493 mm) and Tenjo (2,580 m a.s.l., 12.5oC, 74-86% RH, with an average annual precipitation of 765 mm). The results indicated that the fruits stored at the highest temperature were sweeter and had reduced weight and firmness, lower acidity, and faster postharvest senescence (lower post-harvest durability). The postharvestN fruit characteristics were determined by considering the fruit quality during growth and the influence of climatic conditions during cultivation in each location. At the higher altitudes, the total soluble solid content in the fruits was higher and firmness decreased, and the total titratable acidity and weight loss were lower. For fruit color, significant differences were not observed that would demonstrate the effect of climatic conditions during the post-harvest period.

scholarly journals Winter wheat yields under different soil-climatic conditions in a long-term field trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Káš ◽  
Gabriela Mühlbachova ◽  
Helena Kusá
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Term Field

The impact of precipitations and air temperatures on winter wheat yields was evaluated in a 34-year long-<br /> term field trial with mineral and organic fertilization established at two experimental sites with different soil-climatic conditions: Ivanovice na Hané with well fertile soils (degraded Chernozem), higher average year temperatures and lower precipitations; Lukavec situated in Bohemian-Moravian highlands with less fertile soils (Cambisol), lower temperatures and higher precipitations. At both sites, a significant positive effect of used fertilizers was noted from the dose of 80 kg N/ha; the best yields were generally obtained at 120 kg N/ha and 160 kg N/ha. The wheat yields at the Ivanovice site were negatively affected by the decrease of precipitations, namely in more fertilized treatments, particularly farmyard manure + mineral nitrogen, from the dose of 80 kg N/ha. A different trend was obtained at the Lukavec site where better winter wheat yields were obtained under lower precipitations. The air temperatures played a positive role at the Lukavec site, but no significant effect of temperature was observed at the Ivanovice site. The less productive areas in highlands can become more interesting for agriculture production with changing climate. However, the soils generally having lower quality and nutrient content can be a limiting factor for obtaining high yields.

Agricultural Drought Phenomenon in Latin America with Focus on Brazil

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orivaldo Brunini ◽  
Alice M. Grimm
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Agricultural Drought ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Northeast Region ◽  
Climate Anomalies ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Regular Event ◽  
Average Annual Precipitation

Latin America encompasses a vast territory between 12°30'N and 55°30'S latitude and between 29°W and 82°W longitude. This subcontinent has 13 countries with complex climatic conditions. Extremely humid weather is typical closer to the equator, while semiarid, arid, and desertic conditions prevail in the Bolivian and Chilean high plains. The wide variation in climatic conditions leads to distinct agricultural conditions across Latin America. For example, forests, equatorial fruits, and perennial vegetation exist throughout the Amazonian region. Farther from the equator, toward the Andes and at higher latitudes, there is a noticeable change in agricultural systems. There is a greater emphasis on growing cereal/grain crops in Argentina and Brazil. The countries that compose the Amazon River basin experience a higher amount of annual precipitation, and drought is not a characteristic phenomenon there, except during high-intensity El Niño years (Marengo et al., 2001). In contrast, drought is a regular event commonly observed in parts of Peru, Chile, Paraguay, Argentina (Scian and Donnari, 1996), Uruguay, and Brazil. The Atacama Desert in Chile is one of the most arid regions on the earth, where the average annual precipitation is as low as 0.8 mm in Arika or even 0.5 mm in other regions of this desert. Figure 12.2 provides a more detailed description on climatic conditions of Brazil. Although the average annual precipitation in the northeastern region is less than 300 mm, it exceeds 2500 mm in some other regions of Brazil (Grimm, 2003). Agricultural operations take place during the rainy season (March–October). The northeast region is drought prone, but the central, west, and southeast regions are traditionally grain-producing regions. In the northeast and central-west regions, water deficiency is higher, which seriously affects food production. Table 12.1 shows production losses in Brazil due to climate anomalies including droughts that occurred during 1978–1986 (Mota, 1979) and 1991–1994 (Rossetti, 2001). About 33% (about 50% in the northeast region) of these losses were attributed to droughts. Maize production also significantly declined due to drought that occurred during 1990–91, 1993–94, 1996–97, and 1997–98.

Competition Between Winter Wheat and Downy Brome

Weed Science ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Rydrych
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Bromus Tectorum ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Downy Brome ◽  
The Third ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Average Annual Precipitation

Four experiments were conducted to develop controls for downy brome (Bromus tectorum L.) in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ‘Gaines’). In three experiments downy brome was removed at monthly intervals from emergence to harvest. In the third and fourth experiments, hand weeded and weedy controls were compared to chemical control with R11913 (3′-hydroxypropionanilide isopropylcarbamate). Downy brome, which emerged with wheat, was most competitive during March of each year. For maximum effectiveness, R11913 should be applied when downy brome has less than one to three tillers or chemical control will be erratic. On a silt loam soil with an average annual precipitation of 42 cm, downy brome densities of 108 to 160 plants/m2 lowered wheat yields 6% when competition was eliminated by March. When competition was permitted until wheat harvest (July), yield was reduced 40%.

scholarly journals Diversity in susceptibility reactions of winter wheat genotypes to obligate pathogens under fluctuating climatic conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Radivoje Jevtić ◽  
Vesna Župunski ◽  
Mirjana Lalošević ◽  
Bojan Jocković ◽  
Branka Orbović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Forecast Models ◽  
The Impact

AbstractTo date, studies have usually focused on the impact of abiotic factors on the distribution of plant pathogens and have built forecast models for the prediction of pathogen outbreaks. However, the impact of the combined effects of biotic and abiotic factors on the prevalence of economically important pathogens has usually been neglected. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between powdery mildew and rusts of wheat and to examine how the combined effects of abiotic and biotic factors influence their prevalence. The study was conducted in the period 2016–2019 using the collection of 2158 genotypes of winter wheat. The most influential factors on disease indices and relationships among obligate pathogens were determined using multiple regression models and principal component analysis. The possibility of the coexistence of different rust species in the same growing season and in the same field was shown. The significant influence of fluctuations in winter temperatures on changes in the prevalence of obligate pathogens was determined. The strong impact of genotypes and their reaction on climatic elements in certain phenological stages were shown to be significant factors influencing the interactions among obligate pathogens and the predominance of one pathogen over another.

scholarly journals CHANGES IN REGIONAL CLIMATIC CONDITIONS AND PRODUCTIVITY OF WINTER WHEAT IN THE STEPPE ZONE OF EUROPEAN RUSSIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (28) ◽  
pp. 58-68
Author(s):  
Yu.A. Gulyanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
European Russia ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Orenburg Region ◽  
Volgograd Region ◽  
Precipitation Decrease

Monitoring of climatic conditions is necessary to determine the degree of their change and to develop methods for optimizing the interaction of natural and socio-economic systems aimed at maintaining food security without harming the environment. The purpose of the research was to analyze long-term climatic trends and assess their impact on the productivity of winter wheat in the model regions (Orenburg and Volgograd regions) of the steppe zone of European Russia for the period from 1990 to 2020. Statistical processing was carried out by the method of correlation and regression analysis. The variability of the studied meteorological parameters and the yield of winter wheat over the years was estimated using the coefficient of variation. The positive dynamics of the average daily air temperature was revealed. It was 1.6–2.3 °С on average per year, 2.5–3.5 °С during the autumn growing season (August–September) and 1.1–2.4 °С in spring-summer growing season (April–June). A steady precipitation decrease in the warm period of the year in the Orenburg region (by 32 mm) and their zero balance in the Volgograd region against the background of an increased sum of active temperatures or growing degree days (by 395–580 °С) led to a decrease in the Selyaninov Hydrothermal Coefficient (HTC) by 0.15–0.20 units. In some periods of vegetation, the HTC values approached the level “dry” in the cultivation zone assessment. Typically, winter wheat productivity depends on zonal features. In the Volgograd region, grain yield exceeding the average (2.32 t/ha) was obtained in 52.3 % of years; in the Orenburg region (1.61 t/ha) – in 47.6 % of years. The yield that amounted to 75% of the maximum was noted in 33.2 % of years in the Volgograd region, in the Orenburg region – in 14.3 % of years (all-Russian indicator – 38.1 %). The realization of the biological productivity of winter wheat is more related to the amount of precipitation, which determines 40.6% (Volgograd region) and 44.2% (Orenburg region) of its variations. In the Orenburg region, annual precipitation in general and those of the cold period have priority; in the Volgograd region – annual precipitation and precipitation of the spring-summer period.

Impact of roof shading on building energy performance in warm & humid climatic places of India

2020 ◽  
pp. 50-64
Author(s):  
Kuladeep Kumar Sadevi ◽  
Avlokita Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
General Assumption ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Passive Cooling ◽  
Base Case ◽  
U Value ◽  
The Impact

With the rise in awareness of energy efficient buildings and adoption of mandatory energy conservation codes across the globe, significant change is being observed in the way the buildings are designed. With the launch of Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) in India, climate responsive designs and passive cooling techniques are being explored increasingly in building designs. Of all the building envelope components, roof surface has been identified as the most significant with respect to the heat gain due to the incident solar radiation on buildings, especially in tropical climatic conditions. Since ECBC specifies stringent U-Values for roof assembly, use of insulating materials is becoming popular. Along with insulation, the shading of the roof is also observed to be an important strategy for improving thermal performance of the building, especially in Warm and humid climatic conditions. This study intends to assess the impact of roof shading on building’s energy performance in comparison to that of exposed roof with insulation. A typical office building with specific geometry and schedules has been identified as base case model for this study. This building is simulated using energy modelling software ‘Design Builder’ with base case parameters as prescribed in ECBC. Further, the same building has been simulated parametrically adjusting the amount of roof insulation and roof shading simultaneously. The overall energy consumption and the envelope performance of the top floor are extracted for analysis. The results indicate that the roof shading is an effective passive cooling strategy for both naturally ventilated and air conditioned buildings in Warm and humid climates of India. It is also observed that a fully shaded roof outperforms the insulated roof as per ECBC prescription. Provision of shading over roof reduces the annual energy consumption of building in case of both insulated and uninsulated roofs. However, the impact is higher for uninsulated roofs (U-Value of 3.933 W/m2K), being 4.18% as compared to 0.59% for insulated roofs (U-Value of 0.33 W/m2K).While the general assumption is that roof insulation helps in reducing the energy consumption in tropical buildings, it is observed to be the other way when insulation is provided with roof shading. It is due to restricted heat loss during night.

Long-term population dynamics of the red deer and European roe deer at the protected and not-protected areas in Mountain Crimea

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 65-72
Author(s):  
V. N. Shmagol' ◽  
V. L. Yarysh ◽  
S. P. Ivanov ◽  
V. I. Maltsev
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Precipitation Amount ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Population Number ◽  
The Impact

<p>The long-term population dynamics of the red deer (<em>Cervus elaphus</em> L.) and European roe deer (<em>Capreolus</em> <em>capreolus</em> L.) at the mountain and forest zone of Crimea during 1980-2017 is presented. Fluctuations in numbers of both species are cyclical and partly synchronous. Period of oscillations in the population of red deer is about 25 years, the average duration of the oscillation period of number of roe deer is 12.3 years. During the fluctuations in the number the increasing and fall in population number of the red deer had been as 26-47 %, and roe deer – as 22-34 %. Basing on the dada obtained we have assumed that together with large-scale cycles of fluctuations in population number of both red deer and roe deer the short cycles of fluctuations in the number of these species with period from 3.5 to 7.5 years take place. Significant differences of the parameters of cyclical fluctuations in the number of roe deer at some sites of the Mountainous Crimea: breaches of synchronicity, as well as significant differences in the duration of cycles are revealed. The greatest deviations from the average values of parameters of long-term dynamics of the number of roe deer in Crimea are noted for groups of this species at two protected areas. At the Crimean Nature Reserve the cycle time of fluctuations of the numbers of roe deer was 18 years. At the Karadag Nature Reserve since 1976 we can see an exponential growth in number of roe deer that is continued up to the present time. By 2016 the number of roe deer reached 750 individuals at a density of 437 animals per 1 thousand ha. Peculiarity of dynamics of number of roe deer at some sites proves the existence in the mountain forest of Crimea several relatively isolated groups of deer. We assumed that "island" location of the Crimean populations of red deer and European roe deer, their relatively little number and influence of permanent extreme factors of both natural and anthropogenic origination have contributed to a mechanism of survival of these populations. The elements of such a mechanism include the following features of long-term dynamics of the population: the reduction in the period of cyclic population fluctuations, while maintaining their amplitude and the appearance of additional small cycles, providing more flexible response of the population to the impact of both negative and positive environmental factors. From the totality of the weather conditions for the Crimean population of roe deer the recurring periods of increases and downs in the annual precipitation amount may have relevance. There was a trend of increase in the roe deer population during periods of increasing annual precipitation.</p>

Impact of water availability on winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) yield characteristics

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Klupács ◽  
Á. Tarnawa ◽  
I. Balla ◽  
M. Jolánkai
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Physiological Condition ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Average Depth ◽  
Experimental Site ◽  
Yield Quality

Water supply of crop plants is the most essential physiological condition influencing quality and quantity performance of grain yield. In a 12-year experimental series of winter wheat agronomic trials run at the Nagygombos experimental site (Hungary) the effect of water availability has been studied. The location represents the typical average lowland conditions of the country, the annual precipitation of the experimental site belonging to the 550–600 mm belt of the Northern edges of the Great Hungarian Plain, while the average depth of groundwater varies between 2 to 3 metres. Crop years with various precipitation patterns have had different impacts on crop yield quality and quantity. Yield figures were in positive correlation with annual precipitation in general. Water availability had diverse influence on quality manifestation. Good water supply has often resulted in poorer grain quality, especially wet gluten and Hagberg values have been affected by that. Drought reduced the amount of yield in general, but contributed to a better quality manifestation in some of the crop years.

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