scholarly journals Cultural Diversity in the Home Ground - How Archaeology Can Make the World a Better Place

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Mats Burström
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Cultural Distance ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Cultural Pluralism ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World

We are separated from the prehistoric past by a cultural distance. In the past, people had different cultural beliefs and ideas from us, and in this respect they lived in another world. Therefore, our home ground wherever it happens to be situated —contains a cultural diversity; to meet the past is to meet the foreign. This realization can hopefully lead away from one-sided searches for the roots of one's own group of people. lnstead it can form the basis for a greater interest in and understanding of cultural pluralism in the past as well as in the present.

scholarly journals Beyond Western, Educated, Industrial, Rich, and Democratic (WEIRD) Psychology: Measuring and Mapping Scales of Cultural and Psychological Distance

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 678-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Muthukrishna ◽  
Adrian V. Bell ◽  
Joseph Henrich ◽  
Cameron M. Curtin ◽  
Alexander Gedranovich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cultural Distance ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fixation Index ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
Cultural Comparison ◽  
Online Application ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World

In this article, we present a tool and a method for measuring the psychological and cultural distance between societies and creating a distance scale with any population as the point of comparison. Because psychological data are dominated by samples drawn from Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) nations, and overwhelmingly, the United States, we focused on distance from the United States. We also present distance from China, the country with the largest population and second largest economy, which is a common cultural comparison. We applied the fixation index ( FST), a meaningful statistic in evolutionary theory, to the World Values Survey of cultural beliefs and behaviors. As the extreme WEIRDness of the literature begins to dissolve, our tool will become more useful for designing, planning, and justifying a wide range of comparative psychological projects. Our code and accompanying online application allow for comparisons between any two countries. Analyses of regional diversity reveal the relative homogeneity of the United States. Cultural distance predicts various psychological outcomes.

Vico and Montesquieu: Limits of Pluralist Imagination

1999 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 55-78
Author(s):  
Bhikhu Parekh
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Cultural Pluralism ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Form Of Government ◽  
The World ◽  
Ways Of Life ◽  
Human Liberation

From Plato onward, western moral and political philosophy has been dominated by a monist impulse manifest in a search for the best way of life, the best form of government, the perfect society, the highest human faculty, the highest or the best religion, the single most reliable way to acquire knowledge of the world, and so on. In ethics it has taken the form of moral monism or the view that one way of life can be rationally shown to be the highest or truly human. This view has commanded the allegiance of Plato, Aristotle, Augustine, Aquinas, Locke, Mill, Marx, and others. Because monism despises neglected human faculties, virtues, and ways of life and has been a source of much violence and oppression, we cannot hope to provide a coherent theory of human liberation and freedom without developing a coherent theory of moral and cultural pluralism. Although moral monism was challenged from the very beginning by the Sophists, the skeptics, and others, a systematic critique of it was not mounted until the eighteenth century by such writers as Vico, Montesquieu, Montaigne, Herder, and others, who stressed the inevitability and even the desirability of cultural diversity.

scholarly journals Immigrants and the space of national minorities in contemporary Europe

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 307-327
Author(s):  
Andrzej Chodubski
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Past ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
European Unity ◽  
The World ◽  
The Eu

Abstract The study indicates that contemporary migration movements of the population in Europe are typical of the cultural and civilizational development of the world. Their main cause involves the problem of meeting needs, especially in terms of money and living. The institutions of the European Union, which stress the guarantee of the rights of a human and a citizen, attach significant importance to them. The location of immigrants is different in various European countries. The experience of the past plays an important role in this respect (migration tradition of states and nations). In terms of the recognition of the principle of the EU that European unity is formed by its cultural diversity, migrants (immigrants and emigrants) are subject to the general processes of cultural and civilizational transformation.

Sekolah sebagai Tempat Pesemaian Nilai Multikulturalisme

1970 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-66
Author(s):  
Anwar Efendi
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Cultural Pluralism ◽  
Educational Strategy ◽  
The World

A nation’s reality showing cultural diversity, directed us to grasp multiculturalism principle. In this principle, there’s consciousness that nation is not singular, but plural, consist of many different components. Historical realities showing that Indonesian nation stand in midst cultural diversity. We can call Indonesia as most complete plural country in the world, beside America. In America, we know et pluribus unum slogan, resemble with bhineka tunggal ika, literally stand for many but one. Latest condition showed that cultural diversity became source of conflict between nations-components. Multidimensional crisis suffered by Indonesian nation still not ending yet. Therefore, we need explicit and clear action and step to maintain society’s attitude to care, respect, and understand cultural diversity values that become fundament of this nation and state. One of its steps is make cultural pluralism as educational strategy at school

scholarly journals Niebezpieczny urok jednoznaczności — Paweł Smoleński Wnuki Jozuego (dydaktyka ostrzegawcza)

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 27-40
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Koc
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Civic Education ◽  
West Bank ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
The West ◽  
Humanistic Education ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Open Dialogue

The author of the article stresses that what constitutes the purpose of humanistic education is showing the world from different perspectives and ambiguity as its inherent ingredient, which should be approached as both didactic and axiological challenge (especially in the light of concept of young people’s civic education). In this context he proposes to have a glance at cultural microcosm (of today’s Israel) described by Paweł Smoleński in his book published in 2019 entitled Wnuki Jozuego [Joshua’s Grandchildren]. The Polish author of reportages shows in the said book how — based on the example of Jewish Israeli settlers in the West Bank — dealing with religious, ethnic, and cultural diversity and experiencing them on the daily basis, paves the way for radical views and, consequently, for unifying the past, present, and the future. Many among Smoleński’s interlocutors/interviewees, however, touch upon the need for open dialogue, accepting otherness, and various outlooks on the most burning issues. Therefore, the story thus told may be treated as a warning against believing in only one righteous truth, as well as against the said belief’s negative influence on the sphere of public exchange of thoughts.

What does self-determination mean today? The resurgence of nationalism and European integration in question

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard Delanty
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
Cultural Pluralism ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
The Past ◽  
World Today ◽  
The People ◽  
Collective Self ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status

The paradox of nationalism today in Europe is that while there is ever more demand and opportunities for nationalism it has become more divisive than ever before. Nationalism now divides the nation rather than uniting it. For this reason, its capacity to offer an alternative to the status quo is severely limited. In the past collective self-determination was predicated on the presumption of a defined people who were resisting external domination and sought to bring about a new polity. The world today, especially in Europe, has made this more difficult, if not impossible. There is now an entirely new context for nationalism and the appeal to self-determination in the name of 'the people' is no longer able to achieve the same results. The politics of self-determination, as reflected in separatist movements, runs up against the problems of democracy and cultural pluralism, which tend to frustrate the capacity of nationalism to achieve its aims. The argument given in this paper is that the rise of nationalism is de-stabilising for Europeanisation but does not endanger it.

A basic introduction to image processing using NIH-Image as a model

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 392-393
Author(s):  
John Mansfield
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Image Acquisition ◽  
Digital Instrument ◽  
Novice User ◽  
Nih Image ◽  
The Past ◽  
Digital World ◽  
The World ◽  
Instrument Control

Advances in camera technology and digital instrument control have meant that in modern microscopy, the image that was, in the past, typically recorded on a piece of film is now recorded directly into a computer. The transfer of the analog image seen in the microscope to the digitized picture in the computer does not mean, however, that the problems associated with recording images, analyzing them, and preparing them for publication, have all miraculously been solved. The steps involved in the recording an image to film remain largely intact in the digital world. The image is recorded, prepared for measurement in some way, analyzed, and then prepared for presentation.Digital image acquisition schemes are largely the realm of the microscope manufacturers, however, there are also a multitude of “homemade” acquisition systems in microscope laboratories around the world. It is not the mission of this tutorial to deal with the various acquisition systems, but rather to introduce the novice user to rudimentary image processing and measurement.

On the Symbolism of Rain in A Farewell to Arms

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Research Tool ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Farewell To Arms

This paper critically analyzes the symbolic use of rain in A Farewell to Arms (1929). The researcher has applied the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis as a research tool for the analysis of the text. This hypothesis argues that the languages spoken by a person determine how one observes this world and that the peculiarities encoded in each language are all different from one another. It affirms that speakers of different languages reflect the world in pretty different ways. Hemingway’s symbolic use of rain in A Farewell to Arms (1929) is denotative, connotative, and ironical. The narrator and protagonist, Frederick Henry symbolically embodies his own perceptions about the world around him. He time and again talks about rain when something embarrassing is about to ensue like disease, injury, arrest, retreat, defeat, escape, and even death. Secondly, Hemingway has connotatively used rain as a cleansing agent for washing the past memories out of his mind. Finally, the author has ironically used rain as a symbol when Henry insists on his love with Catherine Barkley while the latter being afraid of the rain finds herself dead in it.

Profilometry. Using Corneo-scleral topography for scleral lens fitting

The Eye ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (128) ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
Gregory DeNaeyer
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Surface ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Contact Lenses ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Way

The world-wide use of scleral contact lenses has dramatically increased over the past 10 year and has changed the way that we manage patients with corneal irregularity. Successfully fitting them can be challenging especially for eyes that have significant asymmetries of the cornea or sclera. The future of scleral lens fitting is utilizing corneo-scleral topography to accurately measure the anterior ocular surface and then using software to design lenses that identically match the scleral surface and evenly vault the cornea. This process allows the practitioner to efficiently fit a customized scleral lens that successfully provides the patient with comfortable wear and improved vision.

Aftershocks

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seva Gunitsky
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Regime Change ◽  
International System ◽  
Political Legitimacy ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
Past Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sudden Rise ◽  
The World ◽  
National Borders

Over the past century, democracy spread around the world in turbulent bursts of change, sweeping across national borders in dramatic cascades of revolution and reform. This book offers a new global-oriented explanation for this wavelike spread and retreat—not only of democracy but also of its twentieth-century rivals, fascism, and communism. The book argues that waves of regime change are driven by the aftermath of cataclysmic disruptions to the international system. These hegemonic shocks, marked by the sudden rise and fall of great powers, have been essential and often-neglected drivers of domestic transformations. Though rare and fleeting, they not only repeatedly alter the global hierarchy of powerful states but also create unique and powerful opportunities for sweeping national reforms—by triggering military impositions, swiftly changing the incentives of domestic actors, or transforming the basis of political legitimacy itself. As a result, the evolution of modern regimes cannot be fully understood without examining the consequences of clashes between great powers, which repeatedly—and often unsuccessfully—sought to cajole, inspire, and intimidate other states into joining their camps.

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