Some aspects of establishment and development of social entrepreneurship

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Liubchych ◽  
Kateryna Vrublevska-Misiuna
Keyword(s):  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Statistical Research ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
International Donors ◽  
Main Factors

Problem setting. Social entrepreneurship as a phenomenon has long been known to the world community. Although its formation in Ukraine has started relatively recently, the pace of development of Ukrainian social entrepreneurship is simply impressive. Target of research is to study the main factors promoting social entrepreneurship. To achieve this goal, structural, comparative and statistical research methods were used. Analysis of resent researches and publications. Problems of development of social entrepreneurship have received considerable coverage in the works of scientists: B. Androschuk, N. Gusak, A. Kornetsky, V. Nazaruka, A. Tumanova and others. Article’s main body. A. Kornetsky and B. Androschuk identify three main stages in the development of social entrepreneurship in Ukraine. The first is called the period 1991-2010, when international donors, in particular the United States Agency for International Development, began to finance the development of social entrepreneurship in Ukraine. In 1991, the Law of Ukraine “On the Fundamentals of Social Protection of Persons with Disabilities in Ukraine” was adopted. It is still in force and provides benefits for doing business for people with disabilities, in particular, determines the financing of their business initiatives from a special state fund. The second stage defines the period 2010-2016, which was characterized by the merger of partner organizations into consortia to launch educational and financial programs for social entrepreneurship. In 2010, the Consortium for the Promotion of Social Entrepreneurship in Ukraine was established. With its support, a number of trainings for trainers were conducted, three resource centers were opened (in Kyiv, Donetsk and Lviv) and the first lending program for social enterprises was launched. During this period, the publication of educational materials on social entrepreneurship began. It is believed that the third stage of development of the social enterprise began in 2016 and continues to this day. Significant assistance in the development of social entrepreneurship in Ukraine during this period is provided by the European Union (EU) and some EU member states. Conclusions and prospects for the development. In general, Ukraine is currently at the stage of forming an ecosystem of social entrepreneurship and networking of local centers for its development. In the period from 2016-2020, about 10 Ukrainian-language manuals on social entrepreneurship were published, 3 Ukrainian-language online courses were created. Every year, the number of educational activities aimed at promoting social entrepreneurship increases, and public awareness of the role of social enterprises is growing. However, an important aspect is that, for the most part, the implementation of activities aimed at the development of social entrepreneurship in Ukraine is supported by international donors, rather than government programs and initiatives. Further research should focus on the study of foreign experience in determining the main factors of social entrepreneurship, as well as a detailed analysis of these factors.

Helm: a social enterprise expanding opportunities for people with disabilities in Egypt

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Seham Ghalwash ◽  
Ayman Ismail ◽  
Noha El Sebaie
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Business Model ◽  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
Social Enterprise ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Content Type

Case synopsis Drawing from individual experiences and shared passion, Amena and Ramez first founded Helm as a student club at the American University in Cairo in 2012. As a club, Helm worked extensively to identify the main challenges facing persons with disabilities (PwDs) in Egypt. During meetings with various stakeholders, Helm found that employment was a recurring theme. The employment rate for PwDs in Egypt was only 21.3% compared to 40.2% among the non-disabled. During its first year alone, Helm found jobs for 300 individuals with some sort of disability. Despite this initial success, Helm strived to increase its social impact by increasing the integration of PwDs in Egypt through changing employers’ mindset and building inclusive work atmospheres where PwDs could work and thrive. There were, however, major cultural barriers in Egypt standing in the way of this vision. Despite these challenges, Helm managed to play a pivotal role in creating social transformation around disability in Egypt. Helm became a key player in reshaping Egypt’s legislation on PwDs through participating in several policymaking discussions, parliamentary committee meetings and programs with governmental entities. In the hope of increasing Helm’s potential social impact, Amena and Ramez aimed to maintain their growth in Egypt and to expand to other markets in the region. Accordingly, they were faced with a set of compelling questions. Amena and Ramez further wanted to make sure that their current business model and contribution to social transformation for PwDs could help them to grow and serve other markets. Should they adapt their business model and services offerings to scale up their social impact accordingly? If so, how? Case learning objectives This case allows students to consider the nature of social enterprises in developing countries and how they create social transformation in supporting PwDs in local communities. This case also introduces students to social enterprises’ business models, scalability and the sustainability issues which such enterprises face in the context of developing countries. By the end of studying the case, students should be able to understand the following: Objective 1: Identify the characteristics of social entrepreneurship and apply it to a social enterprise using Robinson’s (2006) definition of social entrepreneurship; Objective 2: Analyze the business model of a social enterprise using the nine building blocks of the business model canvas of Osterwalder and Pigneur (2010); Objective 3: Evaluate the social enterprise revenue model for sustainability using Yunus et al.’s (2010) building a social business model; and Objective 4: Suggest business model modification to improve a social enterprise’s scalability and service offerings in a new market. Complexity academic level This case study is aimed at students who are enrolled in entrepreneurship, social entrepreneurship, non-profit management, corporate social investment and sustainability courses. This case is written at an honor of graduate level so it can be used for master’s level, short graduate programs, MBA. The case is directed to students who have a business background and want to understand and explore social entrepreneurship. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 3: Entrepreneurship.

A Qualitative Analysis of Social Entrepreneurship Involving Social Innovation and Intervention

2019 ◽  
pp. 400-421
Author(s):  
Vera Fernandes ◽  
António Carrizo Moreira ◽  
Ana Isabel Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Social Innovation ◽  
Third Sector ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Social Entrepreneur ◽  
Social Ventures

Social entrepreneurship is emerging as an innovative approach for dealing with complex social and environmental needs, and is an important lever for the development of a sustainable society. Social entrepreneurship and related concepts have had a growing attention in the academy, giving rise to dissimilar approaches in the United States of America and in Western Europe. Despite the importance of the Third Sector in Portugal, it has been difficult to set ideal definitions for social entrepreneurship, social entrepreneur and social enterprises. By means of a qualitative study involving four Portuguese social ventures, this chapter identifies contemporary socio-cultural and economic factors that foster social innovation and intervention in Portugal, and contributes to understand the role of social entrepreneur in this context.

A Qualitative Analysis of Social Entrepreneurship Involving Social Innovation and Intervention

2017 ◽  
pp. 417-438
Author(s):  
Vera Fernandes ◽  
António Moreira ◽  
Ana Isabel Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Social Innovation ◽  
Third Sector ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Social Entrepreneur ◽  
Social Ventures

Social entrepreneurship is emerging as an innovative approach for dealing with complex social and environmental needs, and is an important lever for the development of a sustainable society. Social entrepreneurship and related concepts have had a growing attention in the academy, giving rise to dissimilar approaches in the United States of America and in Western Europe. Despite the importance of the Third Sector in Portugal, it has been difficult to set ideal definitions for social entrepreneurship, social entrepreneur and social enterprises. By means of a qualitative study involving four Portuguese social ventures, this chapter identifies contemporary socio-cultural and economic factors that foster social innovation and intervention in Portugal, and contributes to understand the role of social entrepreneur in this context.

Social Entrepreneurship: Generating Solutions To Global Challenges

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hany H. Makhlouf
Keyword(s):  
Business Model ◽  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Grameen Bank ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Market Expansion ◽  
New Business ◽  
Societal Problems ◽  
The Impact

Social entrepreneurship is not new, but has gained greater visibility and recognition in recent years due to its growing worldwide impact.  As in the case of business entrepreneurship, social entrepreneurship starts with an entrepreneur who has a novel idea, an innovative product or service, a creative approach to solving a perceived problem, a new business model, and/or a previously untried approach to product or service delivery. However, social entrepreneurship differs from business entrepreneurship because it is after sustainable solutions to societal problems and aims at social change rather than market expansion. It is, therefore, seen more as an agent of change than a profit-seeking enterprise.  This paper explores the characteristics of social entrepreneurship, and the factors that make a difference in its success or failure. It also sheds some light on what a social entrepreneurship is and what it is not. Finally, it examines the missions and contributions of six successful social entrepreneurships: The Grameen Bank of Bangladesh, ADAPT of Egypt, BRAC of Bangladesh, Instituto de Pesquisas Ecologicas of Brazil,  the Aravind Eye Care Hospitals  of India, and Televerde’s Prison Call Centers of the United States. The impact of the first four has spread beyond their countries of origin, either through the geographic expansion of their operations or the application of the same concept or business model by social enterprises in other countries.

scholarly journals SUPPORT STRUCTURES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Venelin Terziev ◽  
Natalia Bekiarova ◽  
Marin Georgiev
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Social Enterprise ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Social Economy ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One

In the last decade the concept of development and promotion of social economy and social entrepreneurship are part of EU policy to tackle the social exclusion of persons in a vulnerable position. Also, the model of social economy is one of the key instruments for achieving social objectives within the framework of the sustainable and inclusive growth. Social benefits are measured by integration and employment of disadvantaged people, the contribution to the process of social inclusion of other vulnerable people, and the economic indicator is expressed by saved public funds for social welfare, on the one hand, and the additional funds compensating the social costs of long-term unemployment. What is important to happen is to create suitable conditions for the development of social enterprises with the widest possible range - vulnerable groups themselves and their problems are diverse and different, and the "answer" to their needs must be flexible in order to be efficient and effective; "way to solutions" is not important (the path may be different, as are diverse and vast opportunities for economic initiatives) that leads to the result itself, the result is important - better integration and sustainable tackling of social exclusion.The Economic and Social Council of the Republic of Bulgaria (ESC) believes that social enterprises in Bulgaria are still an untapped business model. Current social enterprises are mainly non-governmental organizations by applying the relevant legislation creating social enterprises whose business is focused on the realization of the social purpose and mission of the organization. Social enterprises in Bulgaria operate in various sectors, the most serious part are in: the delivery of social services; providing jobs for people with disabilities; mediation in finding employment of unemployed persons; provision of health services; аctivities in the field of education and others.In realizing these activities the leading is not the end product but the achieved social effect on individuals themselves expressed in obtaining the necessary support to integrate into society. In this sense, there are three basic models of social enterprises: The most common model is the one that creates jobs and develops the workforce. By business jobs are created primarily for people with disabilities. Most often the social enterprise is the employer of people with disabilities in order to achieve the integration of persons with disabilities in the labor market and create conditions for a better life. Another popular model of a social enterprise is the one in which the enterprise produces goods and seeks markets, also engaging with their distribution. Most often social enterprises involve persons with disabilities in the form of occupational therapy involved in the production of certain goods. Existing social enterprises in Bulgaria within this model are engaged in the manufacture of certain products by persons who are unemployed or socially excluded. The aim is to enable them to work and improve their social inclusion. The third existing model in Bulgaria is related to the provision of social services generally through payment of external customers, while social enterprise provides social services to its members. Payment is under contract with the state or a municipality. Within this model, services are provided to different users paid directly to social enterprise for direct service.

scholarly journals Attitudes towards disabled persons scale in Nepali: development and validation

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 234
Author(s):  
Susmita Shrestha ◽  
Yogendra Amatya ◽  
Anup Ghimire
Keyword(s):  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Disabled Persons ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Attitudes Toward Disabled ◽  
Common People ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Significant Difference

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Continuous advocacy regarding the attitudes of individuals towards individuals with disabilities in the United States, public awareness is still mostly negative. For Persons with disabilities, research has highlighted the fact that these negative attitudes do interfere with their work environment, affecting their self-esteem and health care. Attitude of general population towards person with disability has not been studied. There is hardly any literature regarding the attitude of common people towards person with disability in Nepal. The objective was to translate and validate attitudes towards disabled persons (ATDP) scale into Nepali language. In addition, it was also attempted to compare the attitudes towards persons with disability across gender.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A survey method using questionnaire was conducted and administered on people of Nepal. Attitudes toward disabled persons scale were first translated into Nepali language as per the guidelines by WHO. The translated scale was administered on 114 native Nepali speakers for validation. Internal consistency and gender differences in ATDP scores were calculated.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The results of the study showed that the questionnaire had good internal consistency. There was no significant difference in scores across gender. ATDP scores obtained from Nepali population were lower than the scores from other developed countries.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The present study indicates that the translated and validated version of ATDP scale in Nepali language can be used as a standard tool in assessing attitudes towards person with disability in Nepal.</p>

scholarly journals Social Entrepreneurship – Current Trend of Economic Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Iryna Bila ◽  
Olena Shevchenko
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Modern Trend ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
The World

The development of a market economy involves the socialization of its economic entities, i.e. the direction of their activities to solve social problems. The purpose of this article is to consider the theoretical and practical aspects of social entrepreneurship as a modern trend of economic development. The authors note that the main features of social entrepreneurship are: innovative activities; its dual focus, which combines non-profit goals with the ability, necessity and ability to make a profit; public nature of social enterprises and complexity in the organization and development, the presence of significant risks. Studies of the functioning of social entrepreneurship in the world have identified the following trends in its development: due to the different participation of the state in its support; lack of a single “acceptable” or effective form of social entrepreneurship and a certain generally defined area of activity; the success of social entrepreneurship in the world and its significant contribution to the economy.In Ukraine, social entrepreneurship is a new form of business. The main trends in the functioning of social entrepreneurship in Ukraine are: a fairly wide geography of distribution of their activities, although the vast majority of them operate in large cities; the most common organizational form is individual small business; the main activities are: employment of vulnerable groups and generating income for social activities, etc. However, despite the rather rapid development of social entrepreneurship in Ukraine, the problems of its functioning are: lack of financial and institutional state support; lack of motivation to create social enterprises and low level of public awareness of their significant positive potential; its significant dependence on foreign support and investment. According to the authors, these problems do not allow social entrepreneurship in Ukraine to realize its potential and become a trend of economic development. JEL classіfіcatіon: D64, L26, L31

To the issue of vaccine nationalism in COVID-19 era

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Yakovyuk ◽  
Oleksii Zhytynskyi
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Mutual Recognition ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Political Regimes ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Face

Problem setting. The new coronavirus pandemic is one of the greatest challenges in contemporary history, especially in the face of unprecedented globalization. Mankind has been waiting for almost a year since the beginning of the pandemic for the most effective way to fight against the virus – vaccines. Over the last two years, such concepts as “vaccine races”, “vaccine nationalism”, “vaccine diplomacy” have been spread in the international political and scientific discourse. However, in Ukraine these concepts have not become the subject of research yet. Analysis of recent researches and publications. The researched issues have not attracted the attention of Ukrainian scientific community yet, so the basis of our work consists of foreign scientists’ publications, which were, inter alia, done by L. Gruszczynski (Lukasz Gruszczynski), A. Filipovich (Aleksa Filipović), P. Hotez (Peter J. Hotez), I. Yanqiu Rachel Zhou, A. Kobieriecka, M. M. Kobieriecki, Z. Mammedyarov and some others. In addition to that, Academician of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine S. Komisarenko has studied the problems and prospects of creating Ukrainian vaccine against COVID-19, rightly noting that it is a matter of national security. The target of the research. The target of this research is to examine the content, the scope and genesis of “vaccine nationalism” concept, practical manifestations of this phenomenon as well as the relationship between vaccine diplomacy and vaccine nationalism. Article’s main body. Over the past two years, nation-states have resorted to policies of economic protectionism, and then to so-called “vaccine nationalism”, which we inclined to analyze in three guises: 1) “vaccine races” – at the stage of development and testing; 2) “vaccine egoism” – at the stage of contracting and use of vaccines; 3) the issue of mutual recognition of vaccines. Thus, the article examines the meaning of the concept of vaccine nationalism in its broadest sense. It has been emphasized, however, that vaccine nationalism is not a new phenomenon in international relations as a similar situation was observed, in particular, during the H1N1 pandemic. It has been also illustrated that vaccine nationalism usually characterizes the most economically developed states. Vaccine-producing countries to carry out their foreign policy tasks, as well as recipient countries to ensure their biological security resort to “vaccine diplomacy”. However, there is no unanimous scientific approach to the definition of both “vaccine diplomacy” and “vaccine nationalism” around the globe. It has been established that with the spread of COVID-19, protection of state sovereignty and national security has come to the fore in comparison with the obligation to cooperate and the principle of sovereign equality, which are jus cogens and erga omnes. On the other hand, “my nation first” policy is not directly prohibited by the letter of international law. Conclusions. In the modern world, there are simultaneous phenomena of globalization and deglobalization. Actually, to denote the trend of deglobalization in the field of countering COVID-19 such a concept as “vaccine nationalism” is used. The “vaccine race” can be seen as a rivalry between two political regimes: on the one hand, liberal democracy in the face of the United States and its allies, and on the other hand – states with authoritarian political regimes (China and Russia). However, geopolitical rivalry, the struggle for extension of spheres of influence can be an effective means of combating the pandemic in practice. The concept of vaccine nationalism is closely linked to “vaccine diplomacy”, which is used by vaccine donor countries as a method of achieving their national interests. It was concluded that it is important to ensure sovereignty and biological security of Ukraine by launching the production of vaccines against infectious diseases. That will also strengthen the position of Ukrainian diplomacy.

scholarly journals Current Knowledge on the Pathogenesis of and Therapeutic Options against SARS-CoV-2: An Extensive Review of the Available Evidence

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwafolajimi A. Adesanya ◽  
Boluwatife A. Adewale ◽  
Ikponmwosa G. Ebengho ◽  
Kenechukwu F. Okwunze ◽  
Judith O. Ebengho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
The United States ◽  
Viral Clearance ◽  
Therapeutic Options ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Stage Of Development

Background: By May 16, 2020, the SARS-CoV-2 virus had spread to 188 countries, infecting over 4.6 million people and causing 310,520 fatalities. A major factor responsible for the voracious spread of the virus is the lack of specific therapeutics for treatment. Current efforts have focused on repurposing existing agents with proven antiviral properties for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2. In this review, we discuss the pathogenesis of the virus; the current standard of care and state of knowledge on the antiviral effect of some of the therapeutic options, including Chloroquine/Hydroxychloroquine, Remdesivir, Lopinavir/Ritonavir combination and Convalescent Plasma; and examine the efforts so far towards the development of a vaccine candidate against SARS-CoV-2. Main Body: The current standard of care which includes supportive treatment and oxygen therapy are crucial in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Convalescent plasma has a strong immunotherapeutic potential for the treatment of both MERS- CoV and SARS-CoV infections, which many clinical studies have shown to be applicable for treating SARS-CoV-2. Remdesivir (GS-5734), an experimental Ebola virus drug effectively inhibited SARS-CoV-2 in-vitro and in-vivo, and has recently been given emergency use authorization by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) following early signs of success in human clinical trials. The therapeutic potential of the Lopinavir/Ritonavir combination has been extensively explored, and though promising; it had no significant effect on viral clearance and has been associated with severe adverse reactions. Chloroquine & Hydroxychloroquine have been shown to effectively inhibit the infection in-vitro and in animal models, and had a significant viral clearance. Most vaccine development efforts remain in Phase I stage of development. Conclusion: The current state of knowledge about the therapeutic options against SARS-CoV-2 shows great promise, however, more structured clinical studies are needed to provided much needed evidence to support the establishment of proper guidelines of therapy to curb the pandemic.

THE IMPACT OF DECENTRALIZATION ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN UKRAINE

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyudmyla Mishchenko ◽  
◽  
Dmytro Mishchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Infrastructural Support ◽  
The Impact

The actualization of the results of financial decentralization in Ukraine as part of the reform of decentralization of power and the development of proposals for its improvement is explained by the fact that a clear division of functions, powers and financial resources between national and regional levels is the basis for the well-being of our citizens. opportunities for its sustainable socio- economic development on a democratic basis. It is noted that financial decentralization is a process of giving authority to mobilize revenues and expenditures of local governments in order to increase the effectiveness of the implementation of these powers and better management of community budgets. It is established that unlike traditional entrepreneurship, which focuses on profit generation, the purpose of social entrepreneurship is to create and accumulate social capital. Abroad, social enterprises operate successfully in the fields of education, the environment, human rights, poverty reduction and health care, and their development and dissemination is one way to improve the living conditions of citizens. A similar mission is entrusted to local governments, which allows us to consider the revival of social entrepreneurship as an important element in improving self-government policy. It is determined that in modern conditions social entrepreneurship is one of the tools to ensure the ability of the local community to provide its members with an appropriate level of education, culture, health, housing and communal services, social protection, etc., as well as plan and implement programs efficient use of available natural and human resources, investment and infrastructural support of territorial communities. Due to financial decentralization, local governments have received additional resources that can be used to create economic incentives to promote social entrepreneurship in small and medium-sized businesses at the community level.

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