scholarly journals Environmental Impacts and Recycling Processes of Waste Automobile Tires

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 044-046
Author(s):  
Haydar Göksu

Recycling is the inclusion of wastes that can be recycled into the production process by transforming them into secondary raw materials after various physical and/or chemical processes. The natural resources are not infinite. Of course it will run out one day. For this reason, the recycling process has gained a serious dimension for countries due to both economic and environmental factors. Although the recycling process of thermoplastic materials is known and frequently used by the science and industry community, the recycling of rubber materials has remained in the background. However, with the increase in the number of automobiles around the world, the increasing amount of solid waste tires puts the society in trouble both economically and environmentally. In this research, there are data on the introduction of automobile tires, which are a very serious waste throughout the country, to the economy.

Author(s):  
Tanuja Barua ◽  
Papia Sultana Kanon ◽  
Mehedi Hasan Munna

Most of the cities in the world, a solid waste recycling process is a part of the effective and sustainable waste management system. Although the local authorities ignore the recyclable solid waste materials during waste management activity, a number of self-waste collectors and dealers have been performing recycling activity as a source of acquirement for long periods of time in Bangladesh. In our present study, a traditional recycling practice of solid waste was executed and analyzed in Sadar Upazila of Noakhali, Bangladesh. This study also identified a complete concatenation from waste collectors to recycling industries in different private sectors. The study revealed that 41% metal, 37% paper, 14% tin and 8% plastic of Sonapur was recycled daily. On the other hand, the study also revealed that 44% metal, 21% paper, 19% tin and 16% plastic of Maijdee was recycled daily. The shop owners were only interested with Recyclable Solid Wastes (RSW). RSW collected by the shop owners including glass, paper, plastic, iron, tin etc. All the recyclable materials were collected and transported in different industries of Dhaka. For new products, those retrieved materials were used as raw materials.


Author(s):  
Iu. Halynska ◽  
T. Bondar

More and more companies in the world are striving to implement clean production strategies and maximize resource productivity in their operations. In the process of applying an integrated, preventive environmental strategy in production to reduce risks for both humans and the environment, stakeholders face causal effects and socio-environmental and economic interdependence in the implementation of clean production projects. All this contributes to the development and growth of scientific, methodological and methodological approaches to the implementation of clean production projects. Studying world and domestic experience in introducing of clean production can determine the ways to comprehensively solve environmental and economic problems in Ukraine and provide the prerequisites for creating an effective system of using natural resources in solving environmental and economic problems of the world, including climate change. The implementation of scientific approaches is possible through the distribution of information on the principles of clean production, the development and implementation of a set of economic and environmental factors for the development of production, the improvement of the mechanism for integrating of environmental factors of the economic development strategy, viewing environmental pollution standards and the special use of natural resources, as well as standards for their economic regulation with the goal of a gradual approximation to EU standards, the creation of a system of sustainable management of production development, stimulates environmental protection and ensures the careful use of natural resources. Therefore, the article discovers the basic principles, methods and mechanisms for creating of clean production projects. The prerequisites for creating an environmental direction in the production of goods and services, as well as the need for risk assessment in the introduction of clean production, are considered. Generalization of existing methods of introduction of clean production, taking into account the world experience, showed that despite the local prerequisites and financial and technological problems, it is profitable for enterprises to implement the concept of СР. The result is a synthesis of existing methods for introducing of clean production, taking into account international experience, which can reduce operating costs, can contribute to improving the safety of workers, as well as reducing the impact of business on the environment. It is obvious that clean production technologies are a good business for industry, as they help to reduce waste disposal costs, reduce the cost of raw materials, reduce the cost of damage to health, improve public relations, improve company productivity, and increase the competitiveness of local and international markets. Clean production is an integral part of the social process, which is in line with economic, political, ethical and cultural values. Keywords: clean production, sustainable development, environmental strategies, indicators of resource and energy intensity.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-69
Author(s):  
Wilson Uzochukwu Eze ◽  
◽  
Reginald Umunakwe ◽  
Henry Chinedu Obasi ◽  
Michael Ifeanyichukwu Ugbaja ◽  
...  

<abstract> <p>The world is today faced with the problem of plastic waste pollution more than ever before. Global plastic production continues to accelerate, despite the fact that recycling rates are comparatively low, with only about 15% of the 400 million tonnes of plastic currently produced annually being recycled. Although recycling rates have been steadily growing over the last 30 years, the rate of global plastic production far outweighs this, meaning that more and more plastic is ending up in dump sites, landfills and finally into the environment, where it damages the ecosystem. Better end-of-life options for plastic waste are needed to help support current recycling efforts and turn the tide on plastic waste. A promising emerging technology is plastic pyrolysis; a chemical process that breaks plastics down into their raw materials. Key products are liquid resembling crude oil, which can be burned as fuel and other feedstock which can be used for so many new chemical processes, enabling a closed-loop process. The experimental results on the pyrolysis of thermoplastic polymers are discussed in this review with emphasis on single and mixed waste plastics pyrolysis liquid fuel.</p> </abstract>


2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 393-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARCO BRONCKERS ◽  
KEITH E. MASKUS

AbstractThis case sheds light on the question whether WTO members, when exploiting their natural resources, can give priority to the needs of their domestic market as opposed to the needs of other WTO Members. From the ruling of the Appellate Body, and the unappealed part of the panel decision, one can conclude that a WTO Member normally must ensure an evenhanded distribution of the natural resources that it decides to mine or harvest amongst the WTO membership. The only difference arises where a Member's citizens or industries face a crisis because of a temporary shortage of an essential product. For those who share an international outlook on the world, this is an acceptable, and even a desirable outcome. The ruling potentially has far-reaching implications for international trade, not only in minerals and metals, but for agricultural and energy goods as well. However, in reaching this laudable result, circumscribing the use of export restrictions, the Appellate Body also made a highly regrettable finding. It ruled that China, because of the wording of its Accession Protocol, was not allowed to invoke a public policy justification for certain of its export restrictions (notably: its export duties, on which it had assumed additional commitments). The underlying assumption that sovereign states can sign away their rights to pursue public policies, such as environmental protection, which are generally admitted amongst the WTO membership, is deplorable.


2020 ◽  
Vol 180 ◽  
pp. 01016
Author(s):  
Violeta Rasheva ◽  
Georgi Komitov ◽  
Ivan Binev ◽  
Georgi Valtchev

Automobile tires are one of the generated wastes from the road transport. According to an EU directive after 2006, end-of-life tires are subject to controlled collection and storage by traders. Direct incineration is unacceptable due to high levels of hazardous emissions. In addition to the high rate of depletion of natural resources, and in line with the “sustainable development” model, it is appropriate to create new advanced technologies for the proper utilization of natural resources through the reuse of end-of-life products. The pyrolysis technology of decomposition of raw materials is an innovative technology for production of fuels and metals from the disposal tires. This technology shows a reduced risk to public health and reduced levels of harmful substances in flue gases, has low operating costs and does not require separate waste collection. This paper focuses on the structural features of the pyrolysis installation for used automobile tires recycling. The installation has been implemented into production and has a capacity of 1 ton of end-of-life tires per hour. The result is 400 kg of liquid fuel, 400 kg of carbon and 100 kg of metal waste per hour.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 308-354
Author(s):  
Regis Y Simo

The extraction and processing of raw materials into commodities are not only attractive for their economic value but also for political reasons. This makes natural resources a source of extreme greed. In this context, regions rich in raw materials, such as Africa, become the scene of local and foreign speculation and, instead of contributing to the development of endowed countries, natural resources often become factors of fragility – hence the ‘natural resources curse’ phrase. While countries exercise sovereignty over their resources by virtue of international law, it has also become essential to develop more sustainable activities in order to continue to exploit these resources. Cognisant of these global environmental challenges, a great number of countries in the world are committed to safeguarding the planet, as can be seen from the adoption of the African Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. At the international level, the multiplicity and complexity of legal norms applicable to the exploitation of natural resources can constitute an obstacle to their application. Indeed, while the scarcity of resources and the surge of environmental problems associated with their exploitation have led to greater reliance on international law because the stakes are global and permeate political boundaries, the corpus of international law rules is sometimes only indirectly relevant to natural resources, since they were not enacted to protect natural resources per se. This is the case of the rules of the World Trade Organization (WTO), which, while not adopted for that purpose, have a bearing on trade in natural resources. While all WTO members are required to open their markets to competition from abroad, WTO-covered agreements give them a certain leeway to regulate this flow in order to pursue societal goals. In other words, under certain circumstances, a WTO member is allowed to justify otherwise WTO-inconsistent measures in the name of legitimate domestic values. This paper focuses on trade rules that control the asymmetrical global distribution and exhaustibility of natural resources, especially export restrictions and their justifications in WTO law. The objective of this paper is to analyse the international and unilateral trade measures addressing non-trade concerns and their relevance for natural resources management in Africa. L’extraction et la transformation des matières premières en produits finis de base sont non seulement attractives pour leur valeur économique mais aussi pour des raison politiques. Ce qui fait des ressources naturelles une source de cupidité extrême. A cet effet, au lieu de contribuer au développement des pays qui y sont dotés, les régions riches en matières premières deviennent le théâtre des spéculations nationales et étrangères au point où les ressources naturelles deviennent des facteurs de déstabilisation d’où l’appellation de « malédiction des ressources naturelles ». Bien que les pays exercent la souveraineté sur leurs ressources en vertu du droit international, il devient essentiel de développer des activités plus durables afin de continuer l’exploitation de ces ressources. Conscient de ces problèmes environnementaux dans le monde, un grand nombre de pays dans le monde s’engagent à sauvegarder la planète, comme peut-on constater avec l’adoption de la Convention africaine pour la Conservation de la Nature et des Ressources naturelles. Sur le plan international, la multiplicité et la complexité des normes juridiques applicables à l’exploitation des ressources naturelles peuvent constituer un obstacle pour son application. En effet, si la rareté des ressources et la montée des problèmes environnementaux liées à leur exploitation ont conduit à une dépendance accrue au droit international parce que les enjeux sont mondiaux et dépassent les barrières politiques, les règles du droit international s’appliquent indirectement aux ressources naturelles puisqu’elles n’ont pas été promulguées pour protéger les ressources naturelles en tant que tel. Ceci est le cas des règles de l‘Organisation mondiale du Commerce (OMS), qui, bien que non adoptées ont une incidence sur le commerce des ressources naturelles. Bien que les membres de l’OMS ont obligations d’ouvrir leurs marchés à la concurrence étrangère, les accords couverts par l’OMS leur donnent un certain levier pour réguler ce flux afin de poursuivre des objectifs sociétaux. Autrement dit, dans certaines circonstances, un membre de l’OMS est autorisé de justifier les mesures incompatibles avec les règles de l’OMS pour des raisons de valeurs nationales légitimes. Cet article se focalise sur les règles commerciales qui contrôlent la distribution mondiale asymétrique et l’épuisement des ressources naturelles particulièrement les restrictions à l’exportation et leurs justifications d’après la loi de l’OMS. L’objectif de cet article est d’examiner les mesures internationales et unilatérales qui adressent les préoccupations non commerciales et leur importance sur la gestion des ressources naturelles en Afrique.


2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahrooz Bamdad

AbstractThis study presents a data mining approach to optimize the chemical processes. Typically, these processes are affected by a variety of interactive variables. So, their quality monitoring and detection usually emphasize changing main variables and their interaction effects. Sometimes, the input to the chemical processes lacks access to the raw materials, which causes the manufacturers to use residue instead of high-quality materials. The use of residue has flaws, most notably the low quality of the process output. In this paper, calculating the optimum points of process variables using residue with the data mining approach is suggested. As a real case, one of the operations of the zinc ingot production process, i.e., pulp and acid leaching operations, are studied. In this way, first, by studying the operation in detail, the required data are collected, and key input and output variables are distinguished. Then, by data pre-processing, the optimum points of the process are determined using data mining algorithms. Therefore, the input variable settings of the operation are extracted to optimize the output variables. To validate the results, a set of test data are used to examine the two periods before and after the variable settings. The results show that the operation output is improved significantly. According to the robustness of the proposed method, it can be used as a benchmark for other chemical processes.


Author(s):  
Afthon Kumbara

Lucky Textile Group is one of the textile industries in Indonesia. Lucky Textile Group has 2 subsidiaries, each of which has different processes and production results while maintaining mutual sustainability, namely PT. Benang Citra Indonesia and PT. Eternal Lucky Print. PT. Yarn Citra Indonesia is an industry that produces yarn with the main raw materials, namely cotton, rayon, capital, tencel and cotton blends, while PT. Lucky Print Abadi is an industry that produces woven and finishing fabrics (Printing, Dyeing and White). The raw material for making woven fabric is yarn obtained from PT. Yarn Citra Indonesia or can also be from an outside factory according to the appropriate type of raw material. Then processed into finishing fabrics (Printing, Dyeing and White) according to customer requests including special finishing such as waterproof, anti-fire, anti-bacterial etc. Market competition in Indonesia Even the world is getting stronger with the entry of new competition so this creates challenges that must be resolved. Improving efficiency, innovation and quality in the production process is a way to attract the attention of customers and do not forget to maintain customer confidence by implementing customer responses that encourage and meet customer demand Through the analysis of 5 porter strengths and SWOT analysis, it is expected that Lucky Textile Group can prepare and build strength in the current and future competition in the textile industry


Author(s):  
О.В. Птащенко ◽  
О.Г. Зима ◽  
К.С. Костіна ◽  
М.В. Лаврінченко

The main features of international marketing as a tool to increase the competitiveness of the enterprise are considered in the article. Crisis phenomena of today's economy, long reforms of national production, the formation of a new information society and the emergence of information processes in the economy have led to the fact that future economic growth becomes possible only if the introduction and coordination of modern marketing and management tools for fuller implementation of foreign economic relations of the state, accurate consideration of production needs for domestic and foreign sales, coordination of export opportunities and import needs, providing for the production of competitive products, strengthening the impact on the international division of labor, international specialization and internationalization of production and, consequently, improving foreign economic activity . Thus, the development of marketing of international production and the movement of entrepreneurial capital cause uneven growth of economic potential of individual countries and regions. The transfer of production to certain countries leads to the fact that the shares of different groups of countries in the location of world industry do not coincide. Competition between TNCs distorts the system of international relations between the world economy. International marketing of exports and imports are two barter transactions, through which each country is organically connected with the external environment. These are components of the reproduction process, which must pass through foreign trade in order to ensure the stable creation, distribution and consumption of national GDP. The effect of international marketing of barter transactions or another country can get based on the scale of production. Foreign trade may not necessarily be mutually beneficial for all actors in the world market. Reproductive openness of the country when using international marketing depends on the availability of natural resources in the country - energy resources, raw materials for industry, food for the population. The level of reproductive openness of the state is higher, the higher the level of its technical and economic development and the smaller the value of its GDP and the availability of its own natural resources.


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