scholarly journals ORGANIZATION OF CLEAN PRODUCTION PROJECTS: EXPERIENCE OF FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC ENTERPRISES

2019 ◽  
pp. 90-101
Author(s):  
Iu. Halynska ◽  
T. Bondar
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Economic Regulation ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Clean Production ◽  
The World ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

More and more companies in the world are striving to implement clean production strategies and maximize resource productivity in their operations. In the process of applying an integrated, preventive environmental strategy in production to reduce risks for both humans and the environment, stakeholders face causal effects and socio-environmental and economic interdependence in the implementation of clean production projects. All this contributes to the development and growth of scientific, methodological and methodological approaches to the implementation of clean production projects. Studying world and domestic experience in introducing of clean production can determine the ways to comprehensively solve environmental and economic problems in Ukraine and provide the prerequisites for creating an effective system of using natural resources in solving environmental and economic problems of the world, including climate change. The implementation of scientific approaches is possible through the distribution of information on the principles of clean production, the development and implementation of a set of economic and environmental factors for the development of production, the improvement of the mechanism for integrating of environmental factors of the economic development strategy, viewing environmental pollution standards and the special use of natural resources, as well as standards for their economic regulation with the goal of a gradual approximation to EU standards, the creation of a system of sustainable management of production development, stimulates environmental protection and ensures the careful use of natural resources. Therefore, the article discovers the basic principles, methods and mechanisms for creating of clean production projects. The prerequisites for creating an environmental direction in the production of goods and services, as well as the need for risk assessment in the introduction of clean production, are considered. Generalization of existing methods of introduction of clean production, taking into account the world experience, showed that despite the local prerequisites and financial and technological problems, it is profitable for enterprises to implement the concept of СР. The result is a synthesis of existing methods for introducing of clean production, taking into account international experience, which can reduce operating costs, can contribute to improving the safety of workers, as well as reducing the impact of business on the environment. It is obvious that clean production technologies are a good business for industry, as they help to reduce waste disposal costs, reduce the cost of raw materials, reduce the cost of damage to health, improve public relations, improve company productivity, and increase the competitiveness of local and international markets. Clean production is an integral part of the social process, which is in line with economic, political, ethical and cultural values. Keywords: clean production, sustainable development, environmental strategies, indicators of resource and energy intensity.

scholarly journals Environmental Impacts and Recycling Processes of Waste Automobile Tires

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 044-046
Author(s):  
Haydar Göksu
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Recycling Process ◽  
The World ◽  
Industry Community ◽  
Automobile Tires

Recycling is the inclusion of wastes that can be recycled into the production process by transforming them into secondary raw materials after various physical and/or chemical processes. The natural resources are not infinite. Of course it will run out one day. For this reason, the recycling process has gained a serious dimension for countries due to both economic and environmental factors. Although the recycling process of thermoplastic materials is known and frequently used by the science and industry community, the recycling of rubber materials has remained in the background. However, with the increase in the number of automobiles around the world, the increasing amount of solid waste tires puts the society in trouble both economically and environmentally. In this research, there are data on the introduction of automobile tires, which are a very serious waste throughout the country, to the economy.

scholarly journals International marketing as an effective tool of increasing enterprise competitiveness

2021 ◽  
pp. 128-131
Author(s):  
О.В. Птащенко ◽  
О.Г. Зима ◽  
К.С. Костіна ◽  
М.В. Лаврінченко
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
International Marketing ◽  
World Market ◽  
The State ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

The main features of international marketing as a tool to increase the competitiveness of the enterprise are considered in the article. Crisis phenomena of today's economy, long reforms of national production, the formation of a new information society and the emergence of information processes in the economy have led to the fact that future economic growth becomes possible only if the introduction and coordination of modern marketing and management tools for fuller implementation of foreign economic relations of the state, accurate consideration of production needs for domestic and foreign sales, coordination of export opportunities and import needs, providing for the production of competitive products, strengthening the impact on the international division of labor, international specialization and internationalization of production and, consequently, improving foreign economic activity . Thus, the development of marketing of international production and the movement of entrepreneurial capital cause uneven growth of economic potential of individual countries and regions. The transfer of production to certain countries leads to the fact that the shares of different groups of countries in the location of world industry do not coincide. Competition between TNCs distorts the system of international relations between the world economy. International marketing of exports and imports are two barter transactions, through which each country is organically connected with the external environment. These are components of the reproduction process, which must pass through foreign trade in order to ensure the stable creation, distribution and consumption of national GDP. The effect of international marketing of barter transactions or another country can get based on the scale of production. Foreign trade may not necessarily be mutually beneficial for all actors in the world market. Reproductive openness of the country when using international marketing depends on the availability of natural resources in the country - energy resources, raw materials for industry, food for the population. The level of reproductive openness of the state is higher, the higher the level of its technical and economic development and the smaller the value of its GDP and the availability of its own natural resources.

Neuroscience20 (BRAIN20, SPINE20, and MENTAL20) Health Initiative: A Global Consortium Addressing the Human and Economic Burden of Brain, Spine, and Mental Disorders Through Neurotech Innovations and Policies

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-39
Author(s):  
Kevin Morris ◽  
Mohammad Nami ◽  
Joe F. Bolanos ◽  
Maria A. Lobo ◽  
Melody Sadri-Naini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fast Tracking ◽  
The World ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Neurological disorders significantly impact the world’s economy due to their often chronic and life-threatening nature afflicting individuals which, in turn, creates a global disease burden. The Group of Twenty (G20) member nations, which represent the largest economies globally, should come together to formulate a plan on how to overcome this burden. The Neuroscience-20 (N20) initiative of the Society for Brain Mapping and Therapeutics (SBMT) is at the vanguard of this global collaboration to comprehensively raise awareness about brain, spine, and mental disorders worldwide. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the various brain initiatives worldwide and highlight the need for cooperation and recommend ways to bring down costs associated with the discovery and treatment of neurological disorders. Our systematic search revealed that the cost of neurological and psychiatric disorders to the world economy by 2030 is roughly $16T. The cost to the economy of the United States is $1.5T annually and growing given the impact of COVID-19. We also discovered there is a shortfall of effective collaboration between nations and a lack of resources in developing countries. Current statistical analyses on the cost of neurological disorders to the world economy strongly suggest that there is a great need for investment in neurotechnology and innovation or fast-tracking therapeutics and diagnostics to curb these costs. During the current COVID-19 pandemic, SBMT, through this paper, intends to showcase the importance of worldwide collaborations to reduce the population’s economic and health burden, specifically regarding neurological/brain, spine, and mental disorders.

scholarly journals Foreign Experience of State Management of Raw Materials Industries and the Possibility of its Implementation in the Russian Federation in the Post-Covid Period

2021 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 05004
Author(s):  
Dmitry Rodnyansky ◽  
Ivan Makarov ◽  
Evgeniya Korotayeva ◽  
Vadim Kovrigin ◽  
Vladislav Nazarenko
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
World Economic Forum ◽  
State Management ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Impact

In modern conditions, issues related to the effectiveness of the regulation of the oil industry by the state are becoming increasingly important. In January 2018, the World Economic Forum was held in Davos, which, in particular, noted the impact of the growth of protectionist trends in the global trade in hydrocarbons, and the impact of climate change on the planet on the export of hydrocarbons. As a result of the forum, the key ways of adjusting the policy of states in the relevant area were identified. At the same time, a significant number of states are already seeing the process of changing state regulation of the industry. In this article, the authors analyzed the systems of state regulation of the oil industry in different countries, and also gave assessments of the possibility of integrating new mechanisms into the system of sectoral management in Russia in the conditions of post-covid reality

scholarly journals Cost Control and Profitability of Selected Manufacturing Companies in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-33
Author(s):  
Godwin Emmanuel Oyedokun ◽  
Amos Olafusi TOMOMEWO ◽  
Sunday Ajao OWOLABI
Keyword(s):  
Cost Control ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Financial Statement ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Profitability in manufacturing companies in Nigeria depends on the ability of the companies to grow their earnings and tame their cost profile through cost control techniques. Many manufacturing companies seem not to understand these costs and the impact they have on profitability. This study examined the effect of cost control on the profitability of selected manufacturing companies in Nigeria. The population of the study was the 78 manufacturing companies listed on the Nigeria Stock Exchange as at 31st December 2017. A sample frame of 23 companies listed on the consumer goods sector was selected out of which five companies were considered for a period of 10 years (2005 – 2017). The study adopted a judgmental sampling technique. Data were obtained from the audited financial statement, and the accounts have already validated by regulatory authorities. The study took descriptive and inferential (regression) statistics. It was found that there is a significant negative relationship between the cost of raw materials (CoRM) and profit before tax of manufacturing companies in Nigeria. The study concluded that cost control has a significant positive effect on the profitability of manufacturing companies in Nigeria for the period under review. Therefore, it is recommended adequate management and alternative sourcing of raw materials.

Mediterranean Cropping Systems: The Importance of Their Economic and Environmental Sustainability

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Maria Pergola ◽  
◽  
Assunta Maria Palese ◽  
Alessandro Persiani ◽  
Pasquale De Francesco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Olive Tree ◽  
Well Being ◽  
C Sequestration ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

The COVID-19 pandemic has drastically changed the lives of people, as well as the production and economic systems throughout the world. The flow of raw materials and products, the supply of labor and manpower, and the purchasing power have all been changed to the detriment of individual health and well-being. Such a situation requires placing even more emphasis on the search for virtuous agricultural systems compatible with the goals of economic and environmental development so clearly defined at the world level in the last decades. The present study aimed to assess the environmental and economic performance of some typical Mediterranean crops grown under different agronomical management regimes, such as strawberry, hazelnut, apricot tree, kiwifruit, peach, olive tree, and grapevine, to emphasize the importance of the mentioned issues even in the current pandemic situation. Life cycle assessment (LCA) was used to investigate the environmental profile of the studied crops, while lifecycle costing (LCC) was performed to assess and compare the economic aspects. From the environmental perspective, the hobby-organic olive systems were the most eco-friendly cropping systems, emitting 0.031 to 0.105 kg CO2eq per kg olives, while the organic hazelnut system had the greatest impact (1.001 kg of CO2eq per kg). Apricot, kiwifruit, and peach systems used N and P inputs most effectively, while strawberry systems efficiently used fossil fuels. Olive HO-2, kiwifruit, and peach cropping systems had the lowest budgets, with the costs amounted to 0.12 € kg-1 per fruit for Olive HO-2 and 0.28 € kg-1 per fruit for both kiwifruit and peach. On the contrary, organic strawberry cultivation was the most expensive (4.77 € kg-1). The variability in results due to the large differences between contexts, such as landscape, technical knowledge, and crop management, characterized the studied agricultural systems. To easily identify sustainability classes and to diminish the impact of farming practices, a considerable effort should be expended to combine LCA with LCC, C sequestration estimates, and some other useful indicators for the environmental quality evaluation.

The effect of environmental regulations: a restricted cost function for Korean manufacturing industries

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
MYUNGHUN LEE
Keyword(s):  
Cost Function ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Environmental Regulations ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Productive Activities ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Percent Decline

Environmental conservation requires society to consider the trade-off between allocating resources to productive activities and pollution control activities. Therefore, it is informative to measure the effect of environmental regulations on firms' productivity. This paper attempts to estimate the impact of environmental regulations on Korean manufacturing industries. Despite being key inputs in the manufacturing process, raw materials have often been excluded from the cost function due to the lack of price data. A restricted cost function is used to improve the reliability of parameter estimates. Empirical results indicate that environmental regulations caused a 12 percent decline in the average annual rate of productivity growth over the period 1982–93.

Portugala lingvo en Ǔnesko?

1985 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-133
Author(s):  
Akiko Ŭusink-Nagata
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Racial Diversity ◽  
Director General ◽  
Official Language ◽  
Executive Board ◽  
Cultural Policies ◽  
American States ◽  
The World ◽  
Official Languages ◽  
The Cost

Portuguese in Unesco? Recommendation 73 of the World Conference on Cultural Policies (Mexico City, 1982) dealt with Portuguese and other languages, calling on the director-general of Unesco to promote study of the possible use of Portuguese as a working language in the organization. Six reasons were given, including the fact that Portuguese is now the official language of seven member-states, that it is used also in various forms in other parts of the world, that it is a language that bridges cultural and racial diversity, and that it is already an official language of the Organization of American States. At the Unesco General Conference in 1983, representatives of three Portuguese-speaking countries addressed the session in Portuguese, and the representative of Portugal specifically called for the introduction of Portuguese as a working language. Currently there are three categories of languages at Unesco: the official languages of the General Conference, eight in number; the working languages of the General Conference and the Executive Board, of which there are six; and the working languages of the offices (English and French are those of headquarters). A recent Unesco document dealing with the introduction of Portuguese and other working languages calculates the cost of introducing a new working language at between $4,421,000 and $6,521,100 per biennium for limited use (i.e., translation of certain documents and provision of interpretation in certain meetings) and between $13,889,500 and $18,520,600 for use on a par with the other working languages. While the Joint Inspection Unit of the United Nations has warned against the costs involved in introducing further languages into the UN system, the director-general has tended to favor a somewhat more egalitarian approach to the problem, emphasizing the necessity to weigh such considerations as cultural values against the purely utilitarian question of cost.

The impact of national cultural values on retail structure

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 894-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boryana V. Dimitrova ◽  
Bert Rosenbloom ◽  
Trina Larsen Andras
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Retail Operations ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The World ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Retail Structure ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between national cultural values and retail structure. Design/methodology/approach The authors use a panel data set of 67 countries over the period 1999-2012. Findings The results demonstrate that national cultural values, measured with the World Values Survey’s traditional/secular-rational and survival/self-expression dimensions, affect retail structure. Research limitations/implications While marketing scholars have examined the relationship between demographic and competitive factors and retail structure, there has been a substantial body of anecdotal evidence showing that national culture can also drive retail structure development. In order to enhance the understanding of the relationship between national culture and retail structure, the authors empirically examine the impact of national cultural values on retail structure. Originality/value This study is the first one to empirically examine the impact of national culture on retail structure. The authors thus help advance retail structure research the primary focus of which has been on investigating the impact of demographic and competitive factors on retail structure. This study is especially relevant to international retail managers who coordinate retail operations in multiple countries around the world. These managers need insight into the impact of national cultural values on retail structure in order to devise effective retail strategies for each host market.

Influence of Socio-Economy in the Next Generation of Thermal Management Solutions for Electronics Consumer Products

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gamal Refai-Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Electronics Packaging ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Target Market ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

The past few decades have seen a number of countries around the world emerge as a growing market for high performance computers. This present study examines, in more detail, how socio-economic influences are shaping the demand function and how some computing landscapes are changing as a consequence. This study is addressing one of the key initiatives to enable 50 percent of the world’s population with access to the World Wide Web. Furthermore, this investigation is addressing the challenges for electronics packaging Engineers and Researchers. Therefore, the rational of the developed technology based on the understanding target market and usages will be given. The impact of addressing the heat dissipation and managing the use of the raw materials of the intended products are discussed. In addition, how the electronics packaging engineers can focus on developing affordable innovative technology. Finally, the impact of all of the above is examined in developing the cost effective solution from a global point of view.

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