scholarly journals COVID-19 in a child with multiple comorbidities

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-155
Author(s):  
Elena-Cristina Sandu ◽  
◽  
Geta Vancea ◽  
Nicoleta Voicu-Pârvu ◽  
Dana Ispas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Female Child ◽  
Febrile Episode ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Blood Tests ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Good General Condition ◽  
Neurological Conditions ◽  
And Control ◽  
Inflammatory Syndrome

A female child, 1 year-old and 2 months, diagnosed with multiple neurological conditions, including myelomeningocele and operated hydrocephalus, was diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 in October 2020 and hospitalized in our clinic. At the time of the onset of the disease, the patient had a febrile episode, laboratory blood tests showed a slightly increased biological inflammatory syndrome, and mixed pneumonia was described radiologically. Thus, antibiotic treatment was initiated, with laboratory tests and control imaging within normal limits after several days of admission. Being an institutionalized child, according to the epidemiological recommendations of that time, she was hospitalized in our clinic during the 14 days of the illness. Thus, on the 15th day of the disease she was discharged, with negative SARS-CoV-2 control RT-PCR, with good general condition, afebrile over 10 days.

scholarly journals ETIOLOGICAL VERIFICATION OF TUBERCULOSIS IN CASE OF SYSTEM INFLAMMATORY SYNDROME IN HIV PATIENTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
K. B. Vladimirov ◽  
G. Yu. Marfina ◽  
E. V. Karaseva ◽  
B. D. Damadanov ◽  
V. Yu. Zhuravlev
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Total Efficiency ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Blood Tests ◽  
Blood Specimens ◽  
Inflammatory Syndrome ◽  
Positive Results

The objective: to study the efficacy of etiological verification of tuberculosis in case of systemic inflammation syndrome in HIV patients. Subjects and methods. 116 HIV patients were examined; all of them were admitted to hospital due to systemic inflammatory syndrome (SIS). In order to diagnose tuberculosis, clinical, bacteriological, and instrumental examinations were performed. Specimens of venous blood were used for the detection of tuberculous mycobacteria by RT-PCR and culture. Results. More than half (64.6%) of cases of systemic inflammatory syndrome in the examined HIV patients was due to tuberculosis onset. The degree of immunity suppression (considering CD4 count) in SIS patients with tuberculosis onset and various HIV-associated pathologies was not statistically significantly different. The frequency of MTB DNA detection by RT-PCR in venous blood in case of verified tuberculous sepsis (non-academic term) in TB/HIV patients made 29.3%, and taking into account positive results of blood culture in 5 patients with no MTB DNA found in the blood, the efficiency of diagnosis of tuberculosis in blood specimens reached 33.3%, while efficiency of blood cultures for MTB made 36.0%, with 100% specificity. Repeated PCR tests and blood cultures performed in some patients allowed increasing the total efficiency of blood tests.

LABORATORY TESTS OF THYROID FUNCTION IN HYPERTHYROIDISM II.

1969 ◽  
Vol 62 (4_Suppla) ◽  
pp. S23-S35
Author(s):  
B.-A. Lamberg ◽  
O. P. Heinonen ◽  
K. Liewendahl ◽  
G. Kvist ◽  
M. Viherkoski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Diagnostic Efficiency ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Crossing Point ◽  
Hyperthyroid Patients

ABSTRACT The distributions of 13 variables based on 10 laboratory tests measuring thyroid function were studied in euthyroid controls and in patients with toxic diffuse or toxic multinodular goitre. Density functions were fitted to the empirical data and the goodness of fit was evaluated by the use of the χ2-test. In a few instances there was a significant difference but the material available was in some respects too small to allow a very accurate estimation. The normal limits for each variable was defined by the 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles. It appears that in some instances these limits are too rigorous from the practical point of view. It is emphasized that the crossing point of the functions for euthyroid controls and hyperthyroid patients may be a better limit to use. In a preliminary analysis of the diagnostic efficiency the variables of total or free hormone concentration in the blood proved clearily superior to all other variables.

Measurement of the Cellular Hemoglobin Concentration by Laser Scatter Method from Excessive Lipemic Sample: CASE REPORT

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 502-505
Author(s):  
Ataman Gönel ◽  
Ismail Koyuncu
Keyword(s):  
Venous Blood ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Female Child ◽  
Acute Tonsillitis ◽  
Scatter Method ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Pediatric Clinic ◽  
Automated Hematology Analyzer ◽  
Familial Hyperlipidemia ◽  
Sample Case

A 33-month old female child presented at a pediatric clinic with acute tonsillitis, and it was subsequently discovered that she had familial hyperlipidemia. Measurement of the patient’s whole blood tests was performed by a multiparameter automated hematology analyzer, the CELLDYN Ruby System® (Abbott, Lake Forest, USA) using venous blood extracted from a tube containing 3.0 mL of EDTA. Although her hematocrit levels were within normal limits, the hemoglobin (Hgb) level, mean corpuscular volume (MCH) and mean corpuscular Hgb concentration (MCHC) could not be determined using the spectrophotometric method. The results of these tests could not be measured when repeated using dilution. When the sample was left to rest for several minutes, it was observed to be excessively lipemic. The measurements were repeated using the Alinity HQ Analyzer® (Abbott), which determines Hgb concentration using laser scatter and spectrophotometry. Hgb cellular concentration was incorrectly measured as being 21.9 mg/dL using routine spectrophotometry (denoted by a flag indicating Hgb interference) and correctly found to be 10.8 mg/dL. Thus, in samples of excessive lipemia, Hgb, MCH, and MCHC levels cannot be measured accurately using spectrophotometry. Hematology analyzers that can measure cellular hemoglobin (cHGB) and average erythrocyte hemoglobin concentration (cHCM) by laser scatter method may be recommended when analyzing a blood sample that contains excessive lipemia.

scholarly journals Machine Learning Prediction of SARS-CoV-2 Polymerase Chain Reaction Results with Routine Blood Tests

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Tschoellitsch ◽  
Martin Dünser ◽  
Carl Böck ◽  
Karin Schwarzbauer ◽  
Jens Meier
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Blood Tests ◽  
Routine Blood ◽  
Machine Learning Model ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Objective The diagnosis of COVID-19 is based on the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in respiratory secretions, blood, or stool. Currently, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the most commonly used method to test for SARS-CoV-2. Methods In this retrospective cohort analysis, we evaluated whether machine learning could exclude SARS-CoV-2 infection using routinely available laboratory values. A Random Forests algorithm with 1353 unique features was trained to predict the RT-PCR results. Results Out of 12,848 patients undergoing SARS-CoV-2 testing, routine blood tests were simultaneously performed in 1528 patients. The machine learning model could predict SARS-CoV-2 test results with an accuracy of 86% and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.90. Conclusion Machine learning methods can reliably predict a negative SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test result using standard blood tests.

scholarly journals Ocular and Systemic Manifestations in Paediatric Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome Associated with COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 2953
Author(s):  
Tzu-Chen Lo ◽  
Yu-Yen Chen
Keyword(s):  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Systemic Manifestations ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Exposure History ◽  
Systemic Symptoms ◽  
Inflammatory Syndrome

This study aimed to achieve a better understanding of the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We searched PubMed and Embase between December 2019 and March 2021 and included only peer-reviewed clinical studies or case series. The proportions of patients who had conjunctivitis, systemic symptoms/signs (s/s), Kawasaki disease (KD), and exposure history to suspected/confirmed COVID-19 cases were obtained. Moreover, positive rates of the nasopharyngeal real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and serum antibody for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were recorded. Overall, 32 studies with 1458 patients were included in the pooled analysis. Around half of the patients had conjunctivitis. The five most common systemic manifestations were fever (96.4%), gastrointestinal s/s (76.7%), shock (61.5%), rash (57.1%), and neurological s/s (36.8%). Almost one-third presented complete KD and about half had exposure history to COVID-19 cases. The positivity of the serology (82.2%) was higher than that of the nasopharyngeal RT-PCR (37.0%). MIS-C associated with COVID-19 leads to several features similar to KD. Epidemiological and laboratory findings suggest that post-infective immune dysregulation may play a predominant role. Further studies are crucial to elucidate the underlying pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Molecular epidemiology of coxsackievirus A16 circulating in children in Beijing, China from 2010 to 2019

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya-Fang Hu ◽  
Li-Ping Jia ◽  
Fang-Yuan Yu ◽  
Li-Ying Liu ◽  
Qin-Wei Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Evolutionary Rate ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Recent Common Ancestor ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Coxsackievirus A16 ◽  
Most Recent Common Ancestor ◽  
Etiological Agents ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) is one of the major etiological agents of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD). This study aimed to investigate the molecular epidemiology and evolutionary characteristics of CVA16. Methods Throat swabs were collected from children with HFMD and suspected HFMD during 2010–2019. Enteroviruses (EVs) were detected and typed by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and RT-PCR. The genotype, evolutionary rate, the most recent common ancestor, population dynamics and selection pressure of CVA16 were analyzed based on viral protein gene (VP1) by bioinformatics software. Results A total of 4709 throat swabs were screened. EVs were detected in 3180 samples and 814 were CVA16 positive. More than 81% of CVA16-positive children were under 5 years old. The prevalence of CVA16 showed obvious periodic fluctuations with a high level during 2010–2012 followed by an apparent decline during 2013–2017. However, the activities of CVA16 increased gradually during 2018–2019. All the Beijing CVA16 strains belonged to sub-genotype B1, and B1b was the dominant strain. One B1c strain was detected in Beijing for the first time in 2016. The estimated mean evolutionary rate of VP1 gene was 4.49 × 10–3 substitution/site/year. Methionine gradually fixed at site-23 of VP1 since 2012. Two sites were detected under episodic positive selection, one of which (site-223) located in neutralizing linear epitope PEP71. Conclusions The dominant strains of CVA16 belonged to clade B1b and evolved in a fast evolutionary rate during 2010–2019 in Beijing. To provide more favorable data for HFMD prevention and control, it is necessary to keep attention on molecular epidemiological and evolutionary characteristics of CVA16.

scholarly journals The use of routine blood tests to assist the diagnosis of COVID-19 in symptomatic hospitalized patients

2021 ◽  
pp. 000456322199907
Author(s):  
IT Parsons ◽  
AT Parsons ◽  
E Balme ◽  
G Hazell ◽  
R Gifford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Retrospective Review ◽  
Blood Test ◽  
Patient Flow ◽  
White Cell Count ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
White Cell ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Blood Tests

Introduction Specific patterns of blood test results are associated with COVID-19 infection. The aim of this study was to identify which blood tests could be used to assist in diagnosing COVID-19. Method A retrospective review was performed on consecutive patients referred to hospital with a clinical suspicion of COVID-19 over a period of four weeks. The patient’s clinical presentation and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR) were recorded. The patients were divided by diagnosis into COVID (COVID-19 infection) or CONTROL (an alternate diagnosis). A retrospective review of consecutive patients over a further two-week period was used for the purposes of validation. Results Overall, 399 patients (53% COVID, 47% CONTROL) were analysed. White cell count, neutrophils and lymphocytes were significantly lower, while lactate dehydrogenase and ferritin were significantly higher, in the COVID group in comparison to CONTROL. Combining the white cell count, lymphocytes and ferritin results into a COVID Combined Blood Test (CCBT) had an area under the curve of 0.79. Using a threshold CCBT of –0.8 resulted in a sensitivity of 0.85 and a specificity of 0.63. Analysing this against a further retrospective review of 181 suspected COVID-19 patients, using the same CCBT threshold, resulted in a sensitivity of 0.73 and a specificity of 0.75. The sensitivity was comparable to the SARS-CoV-2 RT PCR. Discussion Mathematically combining the blood tests has the potential to assist clinical acumen allowing for rapid streaming and more accurate patient flow pending definitive diagnosis. This may be of particular use in low-resource settings.

ESTIMATION OF SARS-COV-2 SPECIFIC ANTIBODIES SEROPREVALENCE IN HEALTHCARE WORKERS IN DISTRICT UDAIPUR, INDIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 61-63
Author(s):  
Shelesh Kumar Swami ◽  
Nitesh Kumar Chauhan ◽  
Shuchi Goyal ◽  
A.K. Verma ◽  
Shweta Biyani
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
High Seroprevalence ◽  
Know How ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
And Control ◽  
Infection Eradication ◽  
Cumulative Prevalence

Background:Current pandemic caused by Novel coronavirus (COVID-19) causes clinical symptoms from fever to acute respiratory distress syndrome but may remain mild or asymptomatic. To evaluate the cumulative prevalence of SARSCoV-2 infection in a community and know how immune response develops in the population, reliable assay alongwith RT-PCR for detection of SARS-CoV 2 antibodies is needed. Healthcare workers (HCWs) represent a high-risk populat - ion for infection with SARS-CoV-2. Methods: We evaluated total antibodies recognizing the SARS CoV 2 receptor binding domain (S1-RBD) - - - or the Spike protein over a period of six months in a total of 310 healthcare workers engaged in hospital using SARS-CoV-2 Total antibody assay kit. Findings: The overall seroprevalence found in our analysis was 41.93%. In case of males the percentage positive was found to be signicantly higher at 43.91%, compared to females at 36.25%. Seroprevalence was signicantly higher in 50 years above age group in comparison to 20-50 years old aged healthcare workers. The seroprevalence was higher in doctors, nursing staff and lab technicians than other healthcare professionals as 44.6%. Conclusions: This study showed high seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in healthcare workers which means remaining proportion of the healthcare workers are still susceptible to the infection. Good compliance to infection eradication and control measures, adequate PPEs, and early detection and isolation of healthcare workers infected with SARS-CoV-2 are mandatory to reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Predicting abnormal laboratory blood test results in the intensive care unit using novel features based on information theory and historical conditional probability (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilo E. Valderrama ◽  
Daniel J. Niven ◽  
Henry T. Stelfox ◽  
Joon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Conditional Probability ◽  
Blood Test ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Conditional Entropy ◽  
Admission Diagnosis ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Abnormal Laboratory ◽  
Blood Tests

BACKGROUND Redundancy in laboratory blood tests is common in intensive care units (ICU), affecting patients' health and increasing healthcare expenses. Medical communities have made recommendations to order laboratory tests more judiciously. Wise selection can rely on modern data-driven approaches that have been shown to help identify redundant laboratory blood tests in ICUs. However, most of these works have been developed for highly selected clinical conditions such as gastrointestinal bleeding. Moreover, features based on conditional entropy and conditional probability distribution have not been used to inform the need for performing a new test. OBJECTIVE We aimed to address the limitations of previous works by adapting conditional entropy and conditional probability to extract features to predict abnormal laboratory blood test results. METHODS We used an ICU dataset collected across Alberta, Canada which included 55,689 ICU admissions from 48,672 patients with different diagnoses. We investigated conditional entropy and conditional probability-based features by comparing the performances of two machine learning approaches to predict normal and abnormal results for 18 blood laboratory tests. Approach 1 used patients' vitals, age, sex, admission diagnosis, and other laboratory blood test results as features. Approach 2 used the same features plus the new conditional entropy and conditional probability-based features. RESULTS Across the 18 blood laboratory tests, both Approach 1 and Approach 2 achieved a median F1-score, AUC, precision-recall AUC, and Gmean above 80%. We found that the inclusion of the new features statistically significantly improved the capacity to predict abnormal laboratory blood test results in between ten and fifteen laboratory blood tests depending on the machine learning model. CONCLUSIONS Our novel approach with promising prediction results can help reduce over-testing in ICUs, as well as risks for patients and healthcare systems. CLINICALTRIAL N/A

HEART INJURY IN PATIENTS WITH MULTISYSTEM INFLAMMATORY SYNDROME ASSOCIATED WITH SARS-CоV-2: A DESCRIPTION OF A SERIES OF CLINICAL CASES

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 35-45
Author(s):  
K.E. Belozerov ◽  
◽  
A.D. Kupreeva ◽  
I.S. Avrusin ◽  
V.V. Masalova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
The World ◽  
Heart Injury ◽  
Inflammatory Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Cases

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and adolescents associated with SARS-CoV-2 (MBS-D) is a new challenge for pediatricians around the world. Scientific data is updated daily and patient treatment regimens are developed. The involvement of the heart in the inflammatory process complicates the course of the disease and further rehabilitation of patients. The article describes 12 patients with heart disease in the structure of MVS-D, who underwent laboratory tests and instrumental studies, including MRI of the heart, and also provides detailed descriptions of three clinical cases and a review of literature data.

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