scholarly journals Fundamental factors of techno-economic cyclicity

2021 ◽  
pp. 63-77
Author(s):  
Oleg O. Komolov ◽  
◽  
Daler B. Dzhabborov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Us Economy ◽  
Stock Market Bubbles ◽  
Return On Capital ◽  
National Leaders ◽  
Rate Of Profit

The paper examines the phenomenon of stages in technical and economic development in the context of the theory of technological paradigm. On the basis of a critical rethinking of the approaches of Dosi, Perez, Glazyev et al., the marxist tendency of the rate of profit to fall, as well as an empirical analysis of the US economy, the authors built an econometric model that makes it possible to determine the factors that affect both the change of technological structures themselves and their phases. The incentive that pushes capital to the path of investment in new technologies is the dynamics of the rate of return, which tends to decline and stagnate at this stage. After the new technology was mastered by national producers, and the concentration of capital created national leaders with sufficient competitiveness. foreign economic relations between countries are intensifying, which expresses competition for the development of new markets. The growing rate of return is pushing investors to capitalize on it in the form of further investment in industries where new technology can increase the return on capital. At the same time, this creates the prerequisites for overaccumulation, which is expressed in a gradual drop in the marginal profitability in production, which directs capital to the financial sector. The financialization of the economy and the formation of stock market bubbles are taking place. After their collapse, the economy enters the stage of a fall in the average rate of profit, which again starts the process of searching for a new revolutionary technology that can ensure an increase in labor productivity. The research results make it possible to more fully explain the reasons for the change in the phases of technological orders, as well as predict these processes.

Over-accumulation of Capital as the Basis of Crises in the USA, Russia and the World

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (4) ◽  
pp. 3-26
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Sorokin ◽  
Ivan Tenyakov
Keyword(s):  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Sharp Drop ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Us Economy ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
The Usa ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Rate Of Profit

The article provides a theoretical understanding of crisis as a manifestation of capital accumulation. The process of over-accumulation in the precrisis period becomes visible in a particular dynamics of interrelated indicators - growth of investments, employment, wages, and reduction in unemployment. Two options: (1) if investments grow faster than employment, this is an evidence of a large-scale impending crisis, (2) if at a similar or slower pace, then this is an evidence of a smaller scale of the crisis. Over-accumulation results in crisis as a sharp drop in the general rate of profit. Overcoming the crisis and restoring the values of the general rate of profit is accompanied by the depreciation of accumulated capital, reduction in investment, increase in unemployment, and drop in wages. The authors introduce the indicator of macroeconomic rate of return, an exoteric estimate of Marx’s general rate of profit, and present the calculation of macroeconomic rate of return in the US economy for the period of 1929-2018 and the Russian economy for the period of 1995-2018. The paper shows that the theory of crisis is confirmed by the statistics of world economic crises of the past three decades, US statistics for 1929-1970 and statistics of the Russian economy.

scholarly journals RESEARCHING THE RATE OF PROFIT FOR REAL ESTATE IN THE CITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (166) ◽  
pp. 108-115
Author(s):  
S. Kobzan ◽  
V. Borodatuk ◽  
O. Pomortseva
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Average Cost ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Real Estate Market ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Residential Real Estate ◽  
Maximum Profit ◽  
Rate Of Profit ◽  
The City

The purpose of the article is to conduct research on the value of different segments of residential real estate in the city economy, rental rates. Based on this, determine the rate of return on the location of each investigated segment of real estate. The researches of the residential real estate market of the city of Kharkiv on the certain areas are carried out. The market value of one-room, two-room, and three-room apartments is calculated. The cost of rent for one-room, two-room, and three-room apartments is determined. Studies have been conducted and the rate of return calculated in relation to the location of each of the segments of residential real estate. Conclusions are made about the prospects for the development of the residential real estate market in the city economy, options for investing in real estate in the city and the best return on real estate. Today, the problem of profitability research when investing in different segments of real estate and real estate that differ in location is very relevant. Determining the rate of return or rate of return is possible using the approaches used in valuation and using valuation techniques and procedures. The problem of investing is important for business development. Current issues are - in what area to invest and how to get the maximum profit. It is very important for business owners and ordinary citizens to know the amount of profit that can be obtained. Real estate investing is an important and profitable project to save and increase your own resources. Today, there are several methods for assessing the effectiveness of investment. One of them is to determine the rate of return on each of the investment options. The problem posed in the work is the search for locations for investment within the city of Kharkiv with the maximum profit. As a result of research it was established: the average cost of 1 - bedroom apartments = $ 32,564; the average cost of 2 - bedroom apartments = 48385 $; the average cost of 3 - bedroom apartments = $ 65,849; average rent = $ 7; average selling price of 1 sq. km. m = $ 849; average rate of return = 10%. The minimum rental price per 1 sq. кm. m. in the areas of HTZ, Rogan, the village of East - $ 5, and the maximum cost in the areas of Center, Nagorny, Derzhprom - $ 10. Thus we see that those areas of the city in which the rate of return exceeds the average in Kharkov. Thus, the most favorable areas for investment are the areas of the beginning of Gagarin Avenue - 11.29%; Central Market, South Station - 12.36%; Zhukovsky, Shishkovka - 11.34%; Novozhanovo, Moskalivka - 11.76% and Saltivka - 11.17%.

Profitability and the Roots of the Global Crisis: Marx’s ‘Law of the Tendency of the Rate of Profit to Fall’ and the US Economy, 1950–2007

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 39-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murray E.G. Smith ◽  
Jonah Butovsky
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Hypertrophic Growth ◽  
Us Economy ◽  
Fictitious Capital ◽  
The Us ◽  
Theory Of Value ◽  
Rate Of Profit ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The relevance of Marx’s theory of value and his ‘law of the tendency of the rate of profit to fall’ to the analysis of the financial crisis of 2007–8 and the ensuing global slump is affirmed. The hypertrophic growth of unproductive constant capital, including the wages of ‘socially necessary’ unproductive labour and tax revenues, is identified as an important manifestation of an historical-structural crisis of capitalism, alongside the increasing weight of fictitious capital and the proliferation of fictitious profits in the lead-up to the financial crisis. These phenomena have obscured the deepest roots of the global slump in the long-term profitability problems of productive capital – that is, in a crisis of surplus-value production. With these considerations taken into account, a better empirical assessment of trends in the composition of capital becomes possible, and with it a more accurate understanding of the impact of the ongoing displacement of living labour from production on the average rate of profit and the future of US and global capitalism.

The Recent Revolution in High Performance Computing

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 5-6
Author(s):  
Horst D. Simon
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Computing ◽  
High Performance ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Parallel Architecture ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Good News ◽  
Computing Industry ◽  
Time And Energy ◽  
Performance Computing

Recent events in the high-performance computing industry have concerned scientists and the general public regarding a crisis or a lack of leadership in the field. That concern is understandable considering the industry's history from 1993 to 1996. Cray Research, the historic leader in supercomputing technology, was unable to survive financially as an independent company and was acquired by Silicon Graphics. Two ambitious new companies that introduced new technologies in the late 1980s and early 1990s—Thinking Machines and Kendall Square Research—were commercial failures and went out of business. And Intel, which introduced its Paragon supercomputer in 1994, discontinued production only two years later.During the same time frame, scientists who had finished the laborious task of writing scientific codes to run on vector parallel supercomputers learned that those codes would have to be rewritten if they were to run on the next-generation, highly parallel architecture. Scientists who are not yet involved in high-performance computing are understandably hesitant about committing their time and energy to such an apparently unstable enterprise.However, beneath the commercial chaos of the last several years, a technological revolution has been occurring. The good news is that the revolution is over, leading to five to ten years of predictable stability, steady improvements in system performance, and increased productivity for scientific applications. It is time for scientists who were sitting on the fence to jump in and reap the benefits of the new technology.

TINJAUAN STUDI KELAYAKAN USAHA BADAN USAHA MILIK DESA (NAGARI) KAMANG HILIA SEJAHTERA KENAGARIAN KAMANG HILIA, KECAMATAN KAMANG MAGEK, KABUPATEN AGAM, PROVINSI SUMATERA BARAT

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Halkadri Fitra ◽  
Salma Taqwa ◽  
Charoline Cheisviyanny ◽  
Abel Tasman ◽  
Nurzi Sebrina
Keyword(s):  
Cash Flow ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Internal Rate

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat kelayakan aspek keuangan usaha grosir sembako Badan Usaha Milik Desa (Nagari) Kamang Hilia Sejahtera di Kenagarian Kamang Hilia Kecamatan Kamang Magek Kabupaten Agam Provinsi Sumatera Barat yang dilakukan pada tahun 2018. Penelitian bersifat deskriptif kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode cash flow analysis, payback period, net present value, profitability index, internal rate of return, dan average rate of return. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai net cash flow Badan Usaha Milik Desa (Nagari) Kamang Hilia Sejahtera adalah positif yaitu Rp.21.774.000, nilai payback period adalah 1,15 tahun, nilai net present value positif sebesar Rp.10.680.034,47, nilai profitability index adalah positif 1,37, sedangkan nilai internal rate of return adalah 46,7% dan nilai average rate of return adalah 57,23%. Berdasarkan standar penilaian maka semua metode yang digunakan memberikan kesimpulan bahwa usaha grosir sembako milik Badan Usaha Milik Desa (Nagari) Kamang Hilia Sejahtera dalam kategori layak untuk dilaksanakan.

Tradition and Innovation in Cataloguing Medieval Manuscripts

2021 ◽  
Vol 139 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-58
Author(s):  
Orietta Da Rold
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Early Career ◽  
Digital Environment ◽  
Digital Form ◽  
Postgraduate Students ◽  
Medieval Manuscripts ◽  
Early Career Researchers ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Training

Abstract In this essay, I offer a brief history of manuscript cataloguing and some observations on the innovations this practice introduced especially in the digital form. This history reveals that as the cataloguing of medieval manuscripts developed over time, so did the research needs it served. What was often considered traditional cataloguing practices had to be mediated to accommodate new scholarly advance, posing interesting questions, for example, on what new technologies can bring to this discussion. In the digital age, in particular, how do digital catalogues interact with their analogue counterparts? What skills and training are required of scholars interacting with this new technology? To this end, I will consider the importance of the digital environment to enable a more flexible approach to cataloguing. I will also discuss new insights into digital projects, especially the experience accrued by the The Production and Use of English Manuscripts 1060 to 1220 Project, and then propose that in the future cataloguing should be adaptable and shareable, and make full use of the different approaches to manuscripts generated by collaboration between scholars and librarians or the work of postgraduate students and early career researchers.

scholarly journals A Component-Sizing Methodology for a Hybrid Electric Vehicle Using an Optimization Algorithm

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3147
Author(s):  
Kiyoung Kim ◽  
Namdoo Kim ◽  
Jongryeol Jeong ◽  
Sunghwan Min ◽  
Horim Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Optimization Algorithm ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Minimum Principle ◽  
Component Sizing ◽  
Hybrid Electric

Many leading companies in the automotive industry have been putting tremendous effort into developing new powertrains and technologies to make their products more energy efficient. Evaluating the fuel economy benefit of a new technology in specific powertrain systems is straightforward; and, in an early concept phase, obtaining a projection of energy efficiency benefits from new technologies is extremely useful. However, when carmakers consider new technology or powertrain configurations, they must deal with a trade-off problem involving factors such as energy efficiency and performance, because of the complexities of sizing a vehicle’s powertrain components, which directly affect its energy efficiency and dynamic performance. As powertrains of modern vehicles become more complicated, even more effort is required to design the size of each component. This study presents a component-sizing process based on the forward-looking vehicle simulator “Autonomie” and the optimization algorithm “POUNDERS”; the supervisory control strategy based on Pontryagin’s Minimum Principle (PMP) assures sufficient computational system efficiency. We tested the process by applying it to a single power-split hybrid electric vehicle to determine optimal values of gear ratios and each component size, where we defined the optimization problem as minimizing energy consumption when the vehicle’s dynamic performance is given as a performance constraint. The suggested sizing process will be helpful in determining optimal component sizes for vehicle powertrain to maximize fuel efficiency while dynamic performance is satisfied. Indeed, this process does not require the engineer’s intuition or rules based on heuristics required in the rule-based process.

Technological Change and the International System

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 545-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen V. Milner ◽  
Sondre Ulvund Solstad
Keyword(s):  
Technology Adoption ◽  
Technological Change ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
International System ◽  
New Technology ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Adoption Of Technology ◽  
Adoption Of New Technology

ABSTRACTDo world politics affect the adoption of new technology? States overwhelmingly rely on technology invented abroad, and their differential intensity of technology use accounts for many of their differences in economic development. Much of the literature on technology adoption focuses on domestic conditions. The authors argue instead that the structure of the international system is critical because it affects the level of competition among states, which in turn affects leaders’ willingness to enact policies that speed technology adoption. Countries adopt new technology as they seek to avoid being vulnerable to attack or coercion by other countries. By systematically examining states’ adoption of technology over the past two hundred years, the authors find that countries adopt new technologies faster when the international system is less concentrated, that changes in systemic concentration have a temporally causal effect on technology adoption, and that government policies to promote technology adoption are related to concerns about rising international competition. A competitive international system is an important incentive for technological change and may underlie global technology waves.

New Technologies and the Prospects for Europe's Farmers

1988 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-6
Author(s):  
Patrick Commins ◽  
James V. Higgins
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Commercial Viability

This article examines possible future developments with particular references to the role of new technology and the implications for Europe's agricultural producers. The main proposition is that the maintenance of commercial viability will oblige producers to adopt innovations and new practices, but the most successful will be farmers with the greater economic resources and superior managerial abilities. The outcome will be increasing socio-economic differentiation within the EEC population of agricultural producers and an increasing proportion of farm output coming from the top 20 per cent of farmers in the Community.

scholarly journals Technology Adoption and Consumer Payments: Evidence from Survey Data

2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumiko Hayashi ◽  
Elizabeth Klee
Keyword(s):  
Technology Adoption ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
New Technology ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Electronic Payment ◽  
Point Of Sale ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Transaction Value ◽  
Debit Cards

Consumers pay for hundreds of goods and services each year, but across households and across goods, consumers do not choose to pay the same way. This paper posits that payment choices depend in part on consumers' propensity to adopt new technologies and in part on the nature of the transaction. To test this hypothesis, this paper analyzes consumer's payment instrument use at the point of sale and for bill payment. The sample includes consumers surveyed in 2001, who are primarily users of the Internet. The results indicate that consumers who use new technology or computers are more likely to use electronic forms of payment, such as debit cards and electronic bill payments. Particularly, the use of direct deposit is a significant predictor of electronic payment use. Furthermore, the results indicate that payment choice depends on the characteristics of the transaction, such as the transaction value, the physical characteristics of the point of sale, and a bill's frequency and value variability.

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