scholarly journals Citrus Fruit Peels in Combating Various Foodborne Pathogens

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-66
Author(s):  
Aziz Fatima ◽  
Maham Ghouri ◽  
Toba Sajid
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Orange Peel ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Citrus Fruits ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Citrus Peel ◽  
Peel Extract

Foodborne diseases are the world's main problem in a society nowadays; many phytochemicals are of great interest to scientists. Herbal medicines can be used to treat many infectious diseases. In our study, we focus on screening of antibacterial activity of the lemon (Citrus limon) and orange (Citrus sinesis) peels against various pathogens. Bioactive compounds have been found in variety of citrus fruits that have favorable impact on human health. The major component; flavonoids have been found in the peels of citrus fruits in large amount. Citrus peel has a rich amount of flavonoid and other poly methylated flavonoids (exceptional to some plants). These antibacterial compounds exhibit antibacterial activity and have wide application in both food and pharmaceuticals industries. The citrus peel extracts show effective antimicrobial activity. The antagonistic activity of selected citrus peel extracts was determined by agar well diffusion; against test organisms i.e. Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and Bacillus subtilis isolated from food products. Effectiveness of peel extracts are measured in terms of inhibitory zones in millimeter. The methanol extract of lemon peel displayed zone of inhibition in between 5mm to 8mm and methanol extract of orange peel displayed zone of inhibition about 10mm and 11mm. It was observed that lemon peel extract has maximum antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis (8mm) and minimum antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhi (5mm) whereas orange peel extract has maximum antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis (11mm) and minimum antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhi (10mm). Both Citrus peels extract showed considerable antibacterial activity against all tested foodborne pathogens. Our main focus was the use of herbal treatments against various infections which overcome the emergence of upcoming superbugs.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Sonchus Oleraceus l (Leaves) Extracts

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Hatim MY Hamadnalla ◽  
◽  
Mahdi Abd Elmageed Mohammed ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Sonchus Oleraceus

The objective of this study to examine phytochemical analysis of sonchus oleraceus l, (asteraceae) (moliata) extracts which were extracted by four solvents, petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol and distill water and to assess their potential antibacterial against four standard bacteria gram-positive and gramnegative (bacillus subtilis staphylococcus aureu, salmonella typhi, and pscudomona aeruginosa) and antioxidant activities. (moliata) extracts using cold maceration method to extract sonchus oleraceus l, (asteraceae) locally known as (moliata) extracts, where dpph assay and paper disc diffusion assay were employed to evaluate the antioxidant and antibacterial activities respectively. The results showed that tannins, triterpenes, a sterols, flavonoids and cardiac glycosides compounds were present in the sonchus oleraceus l, (asteraceae) lives (moliata) extracts. The methanol extract of leaves showed high antioxidant potential (77± 0.03 % ) and chloroform showed low antioxidant potential activity (4±0.09) compare with propyl gallate as standard (93± 0.010 %) against dpph. Chloroform extract was effective and give moderate zone of inhibition against staphylococcus aureus. Methanol extract was effective and showed moderate zone of inhibition against staphylococcus aureus, bacillus subtilis, salmonella typhi and pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Biological and Chemical Studies on Calycopteris floribunda leaves

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujit K Dey ◽  
Mohammad Shoeb ◽  
Tamanna Rob ◽  
Nilufar Nahar ◽  
M Mosihuzzaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Pure Compounds ◽  
Chemical Studies ◽  
Staphyloccus Aureus ◽  
Soluble Fractions

Dichloromethane-methanol extract of leaves of Calycopteris floribunda and its aqueous 90% methanol soluble fractions showed significant antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus pyogen, Staphyloccus aureus and Salmonella typhi. The aqueous 90% methanol and 1-butanol soluble fractions of the leaves showed significant β-glucuronidase inhibition and antioxidant activity. Two pure compounds, 3,8-di-O-methyl ellagic and 2,3,7-tri-O-methyl ellagic acids were isolated from the 1-butanol soluble fraction of the parent extract. Key words: Calycopteris floribunda, Combertaceae, antibacterial, antioxidant, β-glucuronidase, ellagic acid. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. Vol.4(2) 2005 The full text is of this article is available at the Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. website

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Antibacterial Activity of Juice and Peel Extract of Citrus Fruits

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 82-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alisha Shakya ◽  
Bhawana Luitel ◽  
Pragati Kumari ◽  
Ritu Devkota ◽  
Puspa Raj Dahal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Citrus Limon ◽  
Citrus Fruits ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Peel Extract

Objectives: This study was aimed to compare the antibacterial activity of peel and juice extracts of citrus fruits. Methods: The antibacterial activity of juice and peel extract of five selected citrus fruits [C1- Citrus reticulata (mandarin orange), C2- Citrus limetta (sweet lime), C3- Citrus aurantifolia (lime), C4- Citrus limon (lemon) and C5- Citrus maxima (pommelo)] on three Gram positive and five Gram negative bacterial strains were examined. The juice and peel extract of citrus fruits was obtained by using absolute ethanol. The obtained extracts were dissolved in 1ml 10% v/v DMSO which was taken to carry out the antibacterial susceptibility assay using agar well diffusion method. Results: The peel extracts of C1 and C2 were found to be more effective against the given Gram-positive bacteria than the juice extracts with maximum zone of inhibition (20.33±1.527) and (15.33±0.577) against Bacillus spp respectively. While the juice extracts of C3 and C4 were more effective against both Gram positive and negative bacteria than their peel extracts with maximum zone of inhibition (26.66±1.15) against S. aureus ATCC 25923 and (20±1) against E. coli ATCC 25922 respectively. The juice extract of C5 was found to be more effective against both Gram positive and negative bacteria than its peel extract with maximum zone of inhibition (18.66±1.154) against E. coli ATCC 25922 except for Bacillus spp in which peel extract showed maximum zone of inhibition i.e. (15±1) Conclusion: This study suggests that these juice and peel extracts may have beneficial antibacterial roles that can be exploited in controlling unwanted bacterial growth.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Commiphora Africana Leaf Extracts on Some Bacteria Associated with Persistent Diarrhea

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Persistent Diarrhea ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents

The study was aimed to investigate the phytochemical constituents and antibacterial activity of Commiphora africana leaf extracts against some bacteria associated with persistent diarrhea. Aqueous and methanol extracts from Commiphora africana leaves were prepared, screened for phytochemicals analysis and tested for antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella sp, Shigella sp and Escherichia coli. Phytochemical screening of the extracts showed that Commiphora africana leaf extracts contain Alkaloid, saponin, tannin, phenol, steroid, flavonoid, terpenoid and glycoside. Statistical analysis of the result showed that methanol extract demonstrated highest antibacterial activity with average zone of inhibition of 14.5 mm among the isolates than aqueous extracts (13.2 mm). Based on the susceptibility of the organisms to the extracts, E. coli was found to be the highest susceptible organisms with average zone of inhibition of 14.9 mm, followed by Klebsiella sp (14.2 mm), Shigella (13.9 mm), while least average zone of inhibition is shown by Salmonella typhi (12.4 mm). The MIC and MBC of the extracts ranges from 3.125 to 50 mg/ml There is no significant different on the susceptibility of the organisms against the extracts at p<0.05. The results of the present study have provided the justification for therapeutic potential of Commiphora africana leaf.

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF SWIETENIA MAHAGONI – A HIGHLY MEDICINAL PLANT IN INDIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Dhanapaul Vinoth Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Volatile Oils ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Antibacterial Study ◽  
Active Constituents ◽  
Swietenia Mahagoni

The present study was designed to evaluate the phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activity of Swietenia mahagoni leaf extract. The leaf extract was subjected to a variety of phytochemical analysis. The qualitative phytochemical tests exhibited the presence of common phytocompounds like alkaloids, tannins, saponins, phlobatannins, flavanoids, terpenoids and volatile oils as major active constituents. The plant (Swietenia mahagoni) leaf has valuable medicinal uses, hence petroleum ether (18.2g) was found to be a good solvent for the phytochemical and antibacterial study. Similarly, the Methanolic leaf extract of Swietenia mahagoni has highest zone of inhibition on Bacillus subtilis.

scholarly journals Study on antibacterial activity of Calotropis procera

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Muzammal
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Mic Value

Comparative study of plant extracts crude and aqueous, methanolic and ethanolic with antibiotics, provide evidence that calotropis procera extracts has the similar antibacterial activity as these antibiotics against test pathogens i.e. Salmonella typhi and E.coli. The analysis of antimicrobial activity of aqueous, methanolic and ethanolic extract of leaves and flower of Calotropis procera was carried out in disc method and also determined MIC value at 600nm through optical density using spectrophotometer. The zone of inhibition produced by extracts was examined and compares it with zone produced by antibiotics. The effect exhibited by ethanolic extract of leaves and flower was significantly greater than the aqueous and methanolic extract of leaves and flower. Crude extracts i.e. latex, leaves, fruit and flower crude extracts. Among them, flower crude extracts shows similar zone of inhibition to test anitibiotics.while in MIC value, we made different concentration of extracts and antibiotics.i.e for crude we made 25%, 50%.75% and 100% concentration of crude juice and for the aqueous, methanolic and ethanolic we made 0.5mg/mL,1mg/mL,2mg/mL,3mg/mL,4mg/mL, 5mg/mL and 6mg/mL in Dimethyl salfoxide, and same antibiotics concentration. Aqueous leaves extracts show MIC at 0.5mg/ml against E.coli while against Salmonella it shows MIC at 1mg/ml... We also determine phytochemical analysis for presences of different compounds in crude extracts. The obtained results provide a support for the use of Calotropis procera, in traditional medicine and suggest its further advance investigation.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF A CYANOBACTERIUM SCYTONEMA SCHMIDTII GOM

2021 ◽  
pp. 77-79
Author(s):  
Janardhan Namdeo Nehul
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Axenic Culture ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Air Blower

Scytonema schmidtii,a cyanobacterium was isolated from the collected soil samples from different locations of Ahmednagar district of Maharashtra state (India). Identification was carried out using morphological variation and taxonomical approaches according to Desikachary (1959) and Prescott (1962) .The axenic culture of Scytonema schmidtii was obtained by using the method recommended by Bolch and Blackburn (1996). The isolated Scytonema schmidtii was grown autotropically in BG-11 medium as described by Rippka et al.,(1979) and incubated at 30±2°c.After 25 days, biomass was harvested by filtration through double layered muslin cloth and dried using air blower. The biomass of this Scytonema schmidtii species was used for the assessment of antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Micrococcus flavus and Proteus mirabilis. The antibacterial activity was studied by disc diffusion method (Anonymous,1996).Methanol extract of Scytonema schmidtii showed the activity against all the tested bacterial strains.Maximum zone of inhibition (23±1.9 mm) was recorded with methanol extract of Scytonema schmidtii.

scholarly journals Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Metanol dan Fraksi Daun Kenikir (Cosmos caudatus Kunth) terhadap Salmonella typhi

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
Achmad Syarifudin Noor ◽  
Bawon Triatmoko ◽  
Nuri Nuri
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Water Fraction ◽  
Zone Diameter

The leaves of kenikir are known to have many benefits, one of which can be used as medicine. Kenikir leaves are reported to have antibacterial activity against the bacteria Salmonella typhi (S.typhi). S. typhi is a bacterium that causes typhoid fever. Typhoid fever is still an endemic disease in Asian countries, especially Indonesia. Typhoid fever became the third largest disease in Indonesia in 2010. The study related to the antibacterial activity of kenikir leaf fraction to S. typhi has never been reported. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research related to the antibacterial activity of extracts and leaf fractions of kenikir to compare their potential against S. typhi. The study was conducted using the disk diffusion method using 5 series of concentrations namely 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 30%. Tests were carried out on methanol extract, hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol-water fraction. The results showed that highest inhibition zone diameter is 7,75 mm which is reached by methanol extract. The order of the highest inhibiting zone diameter are extract, hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol-water fraction.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of 3-(Substituted)-2-(4-oxo-2-phenylquinazolin-3(4H)-ylamino)quinazolin-4(3H)-one

Scientifica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramgopal Appani ◽  
Baburao Bhukya ◽  
Kiran Gangarapu
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Primary Amines ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
Proteus Vulgaris ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Multistep Synthesis

A series of novel 3-(substituted)-2-(substituted quinazolinylamino)quinazolin-4(3H)-ones were synthesized by the reaction of 3-(substituted)-2-hydrazino-quinazoline-4(3H)-ones with 2-phenyl-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one. The starting materials 3-(substituted)-2-hydrazino-quinazolin-4(3H)-ones were synthesized from various primary amines by a multistep synthesis. All the title compounds were tested for their antibacterial activity using ciprofloxacin as reference standard. Compounds 3-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-oxo-2-phenylquinazolin-3(4H)-ylamino)quinazolin-4(3H)-one (9a) and 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(4-oxo-2-phenylquinazolin-3(4H)-ylamino)quinazolin-4(3H)-one (9h) emerged as the most active compounds of the series. These compounds have shown most potent antibacterial activity against the tested organisms ofProteus vulgarisandBacillus subtilishaving zone of inhibition values of 1.1 cm and 1.4 cm for compound9a1.2 cm and 1.0 cm for compound9h, respectively.

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