scholarly journals ON THE ISSUE OF STUDENTS’ READINESS TO CARRY OUT INDEPENDENT EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES

2021 ◽  
pp. 138-147
Author(s):  
Лариса Геннадьевна Васильева ◽  
Галина Александровна Александрова ◽  
Елена Михайловна Литвинова
Keyword(s):  
Professional Education ◽  
Training System ◽  
Educational Organization ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Individual Ability ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
Independent Work ◽  
Flow Of Information

В основе деятельностной парадигмы образования, в отличие от знаниевой, лежат такие ключевые понятия, как «компетенция», «компетентность». При этом акцент делается не только на фундаментальности образования, но и прежде всего на развитии личности, ее способности ориентироваться в потоке информации и самостоятельно приобретать ее. Соответственно, основным направлением в реализации образовательных программ вузов является формирование способности выпускников эффективно действовать в различных жизненных ситуациях, опираясь на полученные знания, навыки и умения.В условиях интеграции образования это находит прямое отражение в изменении требований к подготовке специалистов. Система подготовки переходит на прогностически опережающую основу, соответственно, традиционные подходы, когда в качестве основной цели рассматривалось приобретение знаний, в нынешних условиях претерпевают значительные изменения. Если перевести это в плоскость сегодняшних требований к подготовке специалиста, то предполагается, что в современной образовательной организации процесс обучения должен приобретать характер инициативной деятельности обучающихся, без совокупности черт самостоятельности нельзя подготовить активную личность, специалиста, необходимого современной рыночной экономике. В этой связи значимость самостоятельной работы в профессиональном образовании, несомненно, значительно повышается. The activity-based paradigm of education, in contrast to the knowledge-based one, is based on such key concepts as “competence” and “expertise”. At the same time, the emphasis is not only on the fundamental nature of education, but primarily on the development of the individual, ability to navigate the flow of information and independently acquire it. Accordingly, the main direction in the implementation of educational programs of universities is the formation of the ability of graduates to effectively act in various life situations basing on the acquired knowledge, skills and abilities.In the context of the integration of education, this is directly reflected in the changing requirements for the training of specialists. The training system is moving to a prognostically advanced basis, respectively, the traditional approaches (when the main goal was the acquisition of knowledge) are undergoing significant changes in the current conditions.If one translates this into the plane of today’s requirements for the training of a specialist, it suggests that in a modern educational organization, the learning process should acquire the character of an initiative activity of students, without a set of features of independence, it is impossible to prepare an active person, a specialist necessary for a modern market economy. In this regard, the importance of independent work in professional education undoubtedly significantly increases.

Organization of Competence-Based Students' Individual Work of Pedagogical Specialties

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-57
Author(s):  
N. Ualieva ◽  
◽  
A. Zhunusova ◽  
K. Ibraeva ◽  
A. Kuzembaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Professional Education ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Individual Work ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Intellectual Level ◽  
Independent Work ◽  
Flow Of Information

In the modern world of higher educational institutions, the problem of organizing students' independent work is one of the most urgent. The student must have not only knowledge, but also make decisions independently, strive for success in professional activities, apply a creative approach to any business, and raise the intellectual level. That is why the independent work presupposes the development of students' skills to clearly formulate their own thoughts, argue their judgments, think logically, and know the numerous flow of information. The implementation of these skills is possible when organizing a competence-based students' individual work , which affects the professional sphere of future specialists And the construction of a competence-oriented SIW in the form of a model that includes motivational, performance, reflexive, control stages is based on: a) the inherent value of the student; b) the conditionality of the professional orientation of the content of education by future teaching activities; c) c) orientation of professional education towards the individual experience of the student; d) the advanced nature of professional training; e) correlation of the technology of professional training with the patterns of professional becoming of the teacher's personality.

Introduction, Concepts and Definitions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphaela Stadler
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Organisational Level ◽  
Over Time

During the late 1990s and early 2000s, the belief in a knowledge-based economy has grown; not just amongst academics, but also policy makers, consultants and managers. Nonaka and Takeuchi’s (1995) work The Knowledge Creating Company was among the first to recognise that organisations that manage their knowledge efficiently, have a competitive advantage over organisations that do not succeed in doing so. Based on this understanding, a number of knowledge management frameworks and models have emerged which highlight how to improve the identification, creation, transfer, and documentation of knowledge. These will be discussed further in Chapter 3. This introductory chapter starts with a definition of key concepts and terms, including data, information and knowledge; explicit and tacit knowledge; and the three levels of where knowledge resides (the individual, group, and organisational level). It also briefly explains how processes of managing knowledge at an organisational level can help organisations learn over time, create an organisational memory, and build on what has or has not worked in the past. The concept of knowledge management is thus linked to organisational learning and innovation (Argyris & Schoen, 1978; Gorelick et al., 2004; Senge, 2006). The final section of the chapter provides a range of knowledge management definitions and an overview of the ‘three generations’ of knowledge management.

scholarly journals FORMS AND METHODS OF TEACHING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE IN A TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY WITHIN A MODULAR-CYCLIC SYSTEM

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (34) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A OPARA ◽  
◽  
V.V VOLOKHOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Training System ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Cyclic System ◽  
Technical University ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Control ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Independent Work

In this article, the authors consider forms and methods of teaching a foreign language at a technical university. Within the framework of the modular cyclic system, the academic year involves the division of the studied material into two terms, each of which includes five consecutive cycles. According to the concept of the MCTS, the cycle is a set of goals, tasks implemented in the educational process, constituting a round of eight/sixteen days of auditing and independent work, intermediate certification and control, aimed at the formation of competencies during the study of the module (discipline). The intensity, saving time of a student and a teacher, the large amount of independent work of students, the use of test technologies in assessing the quality of knowledge are distinctive features of the MCTS from the traditional form of study. The theoretical foundations of the study are derived from the analysis of works on the theory and methodology of teaching foreign languages, described in the works of A.A. Mirolyubov, N.D. Galskova, N.I. Gez. The purpose of this study is to describe the process of formation of professional communicative competencies in the study of a foreign language in a non-language university within the framework of a modular-cyclic training system, which involves a high degree of intensity of auditing and independent work, which reinforces the importance of diagnosing knowledge and skills in the process of mastering the module. Independent work of students is considered a mandatory part of the classroom work. The individual independent student's work under the guidance of a teacher is aimed at developing a skill in working with scientific and professional texts.

scholarly journals TEACHER’S PROFESSIONAL GROWTH AS A REGULATIVE MECHANISM OF EDUCATIONAL ORGANIZATION OF HIGHER EDUCATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 162-171
Author(s):  
Елена Юрьевна Левина ◽  
Люция Ахметовна Шибанкова
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Professional Growth ◽  
Training System ◽  
Educational Activity ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
Educational Organization ◽  
Innovative System ◽  
Career Strategies ◽  
The Individual

Важным элементом коллективного целеполагания в образовании становится система совершенствования подготовки педагогических кадров, способных и готовых осуществлять образовательную деятельность в условиях интенсивного развития экономики знаний и цифровизации всех сфер жизнедеятельности. Актуальность исследования определяется задачей идентификации профессиональных качеств педагогов с целью разработки инновационных форм их динамического обновления. Система повышения квалификации педагога должна отвечать запросам социума и образовательной организации высшего образования как работодателя и соответствовать потребностям личности педагога. Проведенный теоретико-методологический анализ позволил авторам раскрыть сущность и содержание актуальных hard- и soft-компетенций педагога, развиваемых в ходе профессиональной педагогической деятельности. Выделенные компетенции адаптированы для непрерывного приращения и направлены на совершенствование качества преподавания, а значит, и на повышение качества образования в целом. Обоснован подход к организации системы профессионального роста педагога, заключающийся в переносе социальной ответственности на самого педагога и его работодателя. В этом случае построение, выбор и реализация карьерных стратегий педагога будет полностью отвечать его собственным потребностям и возможностям, а также запросам и ресурсам образовательной организации. Предлагаемые авторами концепты обеспечивают возможность проектирования инновационной системы профессионального роста педагога в плане подготовки кадров, отвечающей современным образовательным трендам. An important element of the collective goal of education is the system of improvement of training of teaching staff who are qualified to carry out educational activity in conditions of intensive development of economics of knowledge and digitalization of all the spheres of life. The relevance of the study is determined by the task of identifying the professional qualities of teachers in order to develop innovative forms of their dynamic renewal. The teacher’s advanced training system must meet the needs of the society and the educational organization of higher education as an employer and meet the needs of the individual (the teacher). The theoretical and methodological analysis revealed the essence and content of the current hard- and soft-competences of the teacher which are developed during professional pedagogical activity. The identified competences are aimed at constant growth and at improving the quality of teaching, and therefore at improving the quality of education as a whole. The article justifies the approach to the organization of the teacher’s professional development system, which consists in transferring social responsibility to the teacher himself and his employer. In this case, the teacher’s selection and implementation of career strategies will fully meet his own needs and abilities, as well as the needs and resources of the educational organization. The concepts proposed by the authors provide an opportunity to design an innovative system of teacher’s professional growth, which meets modern educational trends.

From accounting to report: Digitalization of college and related issues

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-25
Author(s):  
D. N. Butorin
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Vocational Education ◽  
Professional Education ◽  
Vocational Training ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Information Service ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Educational Organization ◽  
Job Tasks ◽  
Digital Services

The article discusses the process of the digitalization of the educational organization of secondary vocational education. When automating routine processes, at some point, problems may arise in the transition from solving local accounting problems to submitting regulated reports. Often, digitalization becomes the only possible solution to the problems of combining the performance of job tasks based on data from various departments. This is especially evident when implementing integration with external federal information systems. The development of digital services for students with the help of the information service “NaLentu!” (”Go to a Class!”) is shown. Based on it, the mailing of the schedule, the “digital student’s record-book”, and the order of documents are implemented. It is described how one of the federal systems became the reason for the digitalization of processes in social accounting, the appointment and accrual of grants. The problems of the implementation of the accounting system on the part of employees, in particular, the perception by some of them of digitalization as a threat to their interests, are indicated. Further automation trends after the implementation of information systems in the decision of the central tasks of the educational organization are demonstrated. The stages of the introduction of information systems for accounting for vocational training and additional professional education are described, the analysis of the results of their implementation on the basis of College of Oil and Gas in Achinsk is given.

Minting the Obverse: Library and Information Studies as a One-Sided Coin

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Gorichanaz
Keyword(s):  
Professional Education ◽  
Liberal Arts ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Human Knowledge ◽  
Research Department ◽  
Library And Information Studies ◽  
Information Studies ◽  
Key Concepts

A synthesis of the work of Michael Buckland reveals the critique that, for too long, LIS has been a one-sided coin. Growing out of professional education, LIS has traditionally nurtured only its applied, practical and empirical side. Challenging this imbalance, emerging research in LIS points to the development of the basic, liberal arts and conceptual side of the discipline. Indeed, the advent of JCLIS reflects this trend. An interest in basic LIS is welcome for a number of reasons: By clarifying key concepts, it will lead to improved practice; by contributing more widely to human knowledge it will fulfill the obligations of being an academic research department; and by exploring information issues which are becoming relevant to all members of society, it will realize a greater purpose. This paper surveys the extent to which the basic side of LIS has emerged, examining the content of the top LIS journals and the curricula of the top LIS institutions. The findings point to an inchoate reverse, but one with numerous challenges that remain beyond the horizon. This paper serves as an invitation to researchers and educators to consider how they can further contribute to minting the basic side of the coin of LIS.

Living within Limits

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garrett Hardin
Keyword(s):  
Population Control ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Population Problem ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Commons ◽  
Garrett Hardin ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Free Flow Of Information ◽  
Flow Of Information ◽  
Original Thinker

We fail to mandate economic sanity, writes Garrett Hardin, "because our brains are addled by...compassion." With such startling assertions, Hardin has cut a swathe through the field of ecology for decades, winning a reputation as a fearless and original thinker. A prominent biologist, ecological philosopher, and keen student of human population control, Hardin now offers the finest summation of his work to date, with an eloquent argument for accepting the limits of the earth's resources--and the hard choices we must make to live within them. In Living Within Limits, Hardin focuses on the neglected problem of overpopulation, making a forceful case for dramatically changing the way we live in and manage our world. Our world itself, he writes, is in the dilemma of the lifeboat: it can only hold a certain number of people before it sinks--not everyone can be saved. The old idea of progress and limitless growth misses the point that the earth (and each part of it) has a limited carrying capacity; sentimentality should not cloud our ability to take necessary steps to limit population. But Hardin refutes the notion that goodwill and voluntary restraints will be enough. Instead, nations where population is growing must suffer the consequences alone. Too often, he writes, we operate on the faulty principle of shared costs matched with private profits. In Hardin's famous essay, "The Tragedy of the Commons," he showed how a village common pasture suffers from overgrazing because each villager puts as many cattle on it as possible--since the costs of grazing are shared by everyone, but the profits go to the individual. The metaphor applies to global ecology, he argues, making a powerful case for closed borders and an end to immigration from poor nations to rich ones. "The production of human beings is the result of very localized human actions; corrective action must be local....Globalizing the 'population problem' would only ensure that it would never be solved." Hardin does not shrink from the startling implications of his argument, as he criticizes the shipment of food to overpopulated regions and asserts that coercion in population control is inevitable. But he also proposes a free flow of information across boundaries, to allow each state to help itself. "The time-honored practice of pollute and move on is no longer acceptable," Hardin tells us. We now fill the globe, and we have no where else to go. In this powerful book, one of our leading ecological philosophers points out the hard choices we must make--and the solutions we have been afraid to consider.

The Epistemology of Groups

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Lackey
Keyword(s):  
Group Level ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Individual Group ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Normative Requirements ◽  
Group Members ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Belief Justification ◽  
In Virtue Of ◽  
Trump Administration

Groups are often said to bear responsibility for their actions, many of which have enormous moral, legal, and social significance. The Trump Administration, for instance, is said to be responsible for the U.S.’s inept and deceptive handling of COVID-19 and the harms that American citizens have suffered as a result. But are groups subject to normative assessment simply in virtue of their individual members being so, or are they somehow agents in their own right? Answering this question depends on understanding key concepts in the epistemology of groups, as we cannot hold the Trump Administration responsible without first determining what it believed, knew, and said. Deflationary theorists hold that group phenomena can be understood entirely in terms of individual members and their states. Inflationary theorists maintain that group phenomena are importantly over and above, or otherwise distinct from, individual members and their states. It is argued that neither approach is satisfactory. Groups are more than their members, but not because they have “minds of their own,” as the inflationists hold. Instead, this book shows how group phenomena—like belief, justification, and knowledge—depend on what the individual group members do or are capable of doing while being subject to group-level normative requirements. This framework, it is argued, allows for the correct distribution of responsibility across groups and their individual members.

Making Meaning of Peace: A Study of Adolescents in Bogota, Colombia

2021 ◽  
pp. 074355842110069
Author(s):  
Gabriel Velez
Keyword(s):  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Making Meaning ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Internal States ◽  
Individual Contributions ◽  
The Individual

In post-conflict and transitional settings, adolescents are important civic and political actors as potential peacebuilders. Policy and programming often focus on promoting prosocial outcomes for these younger generations, but there has been growing attention to their perspectives and psychological development. Drawing on theory in developmental psychology, adolescents interpret and respond to context in forming ideas about key concepts like peace, understanding society and their place in it, and constructing their orientations toward peace. This study extends current literature by exploring how Colombian adolescents describe peace within the context of a peace process in their country. Ninety-six 15- to 18-year-olds in and around Bogotá, Colombia, were interviewed about peace. Their responses were analyzed inductively using an adapted thematic analysis. Findings indicated that the individual was central to how respondents talked about peace; that is, peace begins and depends on the internal states. From this basis, individuals then created peace through interpersonal relations. There were some differences by respondents’ SES, such as in how respondents described peace as requiring equality in society, but none found for gender or age. This study demonstrates the need to provide concrete opportunities for these adolescents to see individual contributions and broader interpersonal peace as possible.

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