On the Methodological Principles of Macroeconomics Course Program

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (4) ◽  
pp. 187-207
Author(s):  
Nataliya Voshchikova

The article deals with the methodological problems of the correlation between the theory and the history of macroeconomics in the training courses for economics students. The author comes to the conclusion that the unity of historical and logical in the curricula of the Macroeconomics course is realized on the basis of the principle of continuity of scientific ideas and hypotheses, consistently developed by different scientific schools. The hypotheses that unite all modern scientific schools of macroeconomics include the role of expectations of economic agents in explaining the processes of macroeconomic dynamics, the rationale for the use of rules in conducting macroeconomic policies, the relationship between economic growth and economic fluctuations.

Author(s):  
Ivan N. Konovalov ◽  

The article describes the achievements of scientific schools in the study of cooperation at various stages of its formation and development. First of all, modern centers for the study of the history of Russian cooperation, formed in the 1990s, when the role of cooperation in the development of the country of the pre-revolutionary and NEP periods and up to the present time began to be rethought, are studied. The oldest scientific schools of the history of cooperation deserve special attention: Ivanovo, Siberian, MSPI-MSPU, Saratov, Samara, Petrozavodsk, etc. The analysis of the work of the most prominent researchers on this topic (L. E. Fine, V. G. Tyukavkin, E. M. Shchagin, P. S. Kabytov, A. P. Korelin, V. V. Kabanov, etc.) is presented.


Author(s):  
Alexandra Shiller

This article is dedicated to examination of the role of guilt and shame, namely to prevalence one of these emotions in a particular culture as the leading mechanism of social control. The prevalence of guilt or shame as a cultural “dimension” has become one of the first criteria for the division of cultures into Western and Eastern, and was used by the researchers as a basic postulate for cross-cultural r. Over time, the perception of emotions as the criterion for the division of cultures has been revised. The article traces the history of research on emotions in general, namely the emotions of guilt and shame as social emotions, as well as describes guilt and shame as collective and individual experiences. Analysis is conducted on the role of guilt and shame in methodology of research on social emotions, cross-cultural studies. The author outlines certain methodological problems and contradictions, and assesses the current state of scientific research dedicated to social emotions. The conclusion is made that the research on collective sense of guilt and shame is more advanced from the perspective of cross-cultural psychology and philosophy, as well as the overall methodology of science; it allows shifting from the study of the role of individual emotions in interpersonal (conditioned by collective ties), intergroup and intragroup communication towards the integrated study of emotions associated with interaction of the individual and society, i.e. social experiences.


2020 ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
Vitalii REIKIN

Introduction. Some methodological provisions need to be modified according to the realities of existing practice and be verified according to the possibilities of their application in economic phenomena and processes study. Theoretical analysis of methodological principles, their comparison and generalization were used during investigation. The purpose of the paper is to study basic methodological prerequisites and principles in economic research. Results. Analyzing and summarizing the achievements of Nobel laureates, the methodological problems of limited rationality, information asymmetry and opportunistic behavior of economic agents are considered. Modern mainstream in economic research corresponds to binary paradigm of neoclassicism and neoinstitutionalism, which are based on two common elements of the “core”: methodological individualism and “economic man” conception (homo economicus). The focus of the enterprises on maximizing profitability, and households – on benefits, is an axiom of neoclassicism, which implies significant requirements for information quantity and quality. At the same time, rational choice is accompanied by situations of uncertainty and varying degrees of risk regarding such activities consequences. The advantages of the institutional direction as the closest to the real conditions of economic entities market activity are substantiated. A specific feature of neoinstitutional approach is modification of neoclassical paradigm due to preserving basic preconditions of its “core” and partial transformation of “protective shell” into more perfect, realistic principles. In economics, the most significant is methodological combination of “semi-strong” limited rationality with a “strong” form of opportunistic behavior. Conclusions. Thanks to introducing modified preconditions and methodological principles into neo-institutionalism, it became possible to improve the analysis of economics and to apply interdisciplinary research in combination with the approaches of other branches of science.


1997 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHARLES SINGER

The store of scientific knowledge is a general treasure-house from which all men may draw. And yet – perhaps because of the wide spread of scientific ideas – we seldom remind ourselves that the development of the stock of scientific ideas, the heritage of all men, has always been the work of a very small band. Men capable of great scientific effort are rare and, for their effectual working, an intellectual environment is needed that is well nigh as rare as themselves. Surely the contemplation of the conditions under which such men have laboured and lived, the examination of their training and mental history, of their ways of life, and of the human setting must be of some value to those who would follow in their footsteps or prepare others to do so. Nor is the reverse side of the picture without its lesson. The study of those social, economic and philosophical conditions that fail to produce effective scientific fruits, or that yield only bizarre or deformed products, can at least explain for us certain phases in the mental history of mankind. Thus the study of the scientific mood in its historical development needs little justification.


Author(s):  
Н.Г. ОЧИРОВА ◽  
Б. МЕНГКАЙ

Статья посвящена деятельности выдающегося религиозного, общественно-политического деятеля, просветителя и гуманиста, внесшего бесценный вклад в историю и духовную культуру ойрат-калмыцкого народа Зая-пандиты Окторгуйн Далай. Цель исследования – проанализировать и осветить его многогранную деятельность как реформатора в распространении новой религии – буддизма среди монгольских народов, создателя старокалмыцкой письменности и литературы ойрат-калмыков. Показать миротворческую роль Зая-пандиты в сохранении и укреплении ойратских государств – Джунгарского, Калмыцкого и Хошеутовского ханств в середине XVII в. Актуальность данной работы определяется попыткой объективного освещения одной из важнейших сторон истории и культуры Калмыкии – истории создания национальной письменности и литературы, распространения и развития буддизма среди монгольских народов, прежде всего у ойрат-калмыков. В современных условиях развития Российского государства несомненно, актуальным становится необходимость осмысления культуры калмыков, как кочевой евразийской культуры номадов. Без изучения веками наработанного опыта духовного наследия, опыта межэтнического взаимодействия с различными народами, переосмысления всего того, что было наработано ранее, без критического анализа невозможно дальнейшее успешное культурно-историческое развитие. Основными методологическими принципами исследования стали научная объективность, выразившаяся в привлечении максимально возможного количества источников и системном подходе к анализируемому материалу, рассматриваемому во взаимосвязи всех составляющих элементов, а также принцип историзма, когда объект рассматривается в определенном историческом контексте. В работе применялись проблемно-хронологический, цивилизационный, историко-генетический, историографический анализ. Именно эти принципы и методы дают возможность решать поставленные в статье задачи. Эмпирическую основу работы составила достаточно широкая источниковая база, включающая в себя опубликованные и неопубликованные материалы. The article is devoted to the activities of Zaya-pandita Oktorguyin Dalai, an outstanding religious, social and political figure, educator and humanist who made an invaluable contribution to the history and spiritual culture of the Oirat-Kalmyk people. The purpose of the study is to analyze and highlight his multifaceted activity as a reformer in the spread of a new religion - Buddhism among the Mongolian peoples, the creator of the Old Kalmyk writing system and literature of the Oirat-Kalmyks, show the peacekeeping role of Zai-pandits in the preservation and strengthening of the Oirat states – the Dzungarian, Kalmyk and Khoshut khanates in the middle of the 17th century. The relevance of this work is determined by an attempt to objectively illuminate one of the most important aspects of the history and culture of Kalmykia – the history of the creation of national writing and literature, the spread and development of Buddhism among the Mongolian peoples, primarily among the Oirat-Kalmyks. In modern conditions of the development of the Russian state, undoubtedly, the need to comprehend the culture of the Kalmyks as Eurasian culture of nomads becomes urgent. Successful cultural and historical advance and development are impossible without studying the experience of the centuries long spiritual heritage, the experience of interethnic interaction with various peoples, reviewing everything that has been accumulated earlier, without a critical analysis. The main methodological principles of the study were scientific objectivity, expressed in attracting the maximum possible number of sources and a systematic approach to the analyzed material, considered in the interconnection of all constituent elements, as well as the principle of historicism, when an object is viewed in a certain historical context. The problem-chronological, civilizational, historical-genetic, historiographic analysis are applied in the research. These principles and methods enable to solve the tasks set in the article. The empirical basis of the work was formed by a fairly wide source base, which includes published and unpublished materials.


2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (50) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Viacheslav Chebotarov ◽  
Iegor Chebotarov

AbstractThe paper clarifies the conditions and factors of the development of the institutional environment through modern interdisciplinary analysis. The authors revise the studies of the problem under consideration in the history of science and reveal the decisive role of religion in the development of national business cultures. The study highlights the fundamental postulates, i.e. the canons of theology, and argues for the need to consider them in the context of the analysis of national business cultures. The authors put forward and prove theoretical and methodological principles of the determinant influence of national business cultures and religion on the development of countries (the socio-economic phenomenon of the “economic miracle”). The content of the category “Polish economic miracle” is revealed through analysis of the influence of Catholicism, Orthodoxy and Protestantism on other “economic miracles” known from history. The authors conclude that Catholicism currently encourages entrepreneurial initiative of both individuals and organisations, which contributes to the sustainable economic development of countries.


2015 ◽  
pp. 14-21
Author(s):  
Dm. Goryevyy

The author proposes to apply the methodological principles of the study of the history of religious studies in Ukraine. It is proposed to develop criteria for the identification of: Who can be considered representative of the Ukrainian religious studies? When can we talk about the approval of Ukrainian religious studies? What should be the criteria for religious studie’s work? This article is a discussion and involves a reaction in the form of responses.


2008 ◽  
pp. 39-52
Author(s):  
Ella V. Bystrycka

The relationship between the Vatican and Russia has been the subject of research by more than one generation of scientists representing various scientific schools. Of particular interest was the pontificate of Leo XIII. The new emphasis of the foreign policy of the Curia, initiated by him, provided for the establishment of friendly relations with the Russian Empire. In this regard, the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences intensified the study of the history of the papacy. In the end, she published a number of interesting documents, edited by E.F. Shmurla (for the period from the creation of the centralized Russian state until the death of Peter I), A. Turgenev (2 volumes, 1841-1842), A. Popov (1845-1850). In Soviet historiography, the study of the history of Vatican-Russian relations in the nineteenth century. engaged M. Sheiman, E. Adamov. On the basis of documentary materials, a monograph of the German scientist E. Winter was constructed. The documents published by the authors have not lost their significance for the modern researcher. Their impartial analysis opens up the possibility of a new understanding of the Eastern policy of the Apostolic See, the place and role of Catholics of the Orthodox rite, in particular Ukrainian Greek Catholics in the context of these relations.


Author(s):  
Angeliki Laiju

"The Economic History of Byzantium", now in press, has been discussed on the basis of new archaeological data, a broader historiographical environment and on the economic ideology. The methodological problems concern chronology, the role of the state, the relationship between ideology and reality, the significance of smallholdings, the usefulness of modern economic theory. The economy was a mixed one, providing some of the important needs of the people.


10.12737/9091 ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-121
Author(s):  
Терешкина ◽  
Olga Tereshkina

This article discusses the role of medical history in the solution of methodological problems pedagogy of medical institute and the methods of teaching the history of medicine. The author gives the general characteristic of the dif-ficulties that exist in the teaching and learning of the history of medicine at the moment, emphasizes the importance of applying a comprehensive interdisciplinary approach to the successful implementation of the educational process at the University, in particular, that the history of medicine is part of a more general fundamental degree “History and philosophy of science". Considerable attention is paid to the role of medical history in the educational system of medical school. The article reveals the role of research on the history of medicine and the use of the biographical method in the study of the life path of prominent representatives of the medical profession in the theoretical-methodological aspect of the problem of humanization of higher professional medical education


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