scholarly journals WOOD PROCESSING BY-PRODUCTS TREATED WITH THE LIGNIN-BASED CONDITIONER AS MULCH FOR SOIL PROTECTION

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galia SHULGA ◽  
Talrits BETKERS ◽  
Sanita VITOLINA ◽  
Brigita NEIBERTE ◽  
Anrijs VEROVKINS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Wood Species ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Hydrolysis Lignin ◽  
Simultaneous Application ◽  
Soil Conditioner ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
By Products

Wood processing by-products such as bark of different wood species and hydrolysis lignin were applied as soil mulch. The lignin-based soil conditioner (LSC) representing a lignin-based polyelectrolyte complex with the different composition (a lignin/polymer mass ratio) was obtained under laboratory conditions and was intended to protect sandy soil from erosion by simultaneous application of a soil conditioner as an adhesive, mulch and plant seeds by hydroseeding. The study revealed the pronounced dependence of the properties of the treated wood-originated mulch on the wood species as well as on the composition, the applied concentration and the application rate of LSC. A comparison of the obtained results showed that the treated hydrolysis lignin was characterised by higher compressive strength, higher water resistance and lower moisture losses from sandy soil for a given LSC composition and application rate than the bark-based mulch. The conditioner concentrations don't have negative impact on the germination of seeds plants of the coastal dune zone.

scholarly journals Polyphenol Profiling of Chestnut Pericarp, Integument and Curing Water Extracts to Qualify These Food By-Products as a Source of Antioxidants

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 2335
Author(s):  
Gabriella Pinto ◽  
Sabrina De Pascale ◽  
Maria Aponte ◽  
Andrea Scaloni ◽  
Francesco Addeo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Curing Process ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Water Curing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
By Products

Plant polyphenols have beneficial antioxidant effects on human health; practices aimed at preserving their content in foods and/or reusing food by-products are encouraged. The impact of the traditional practice of the water curing procedure of chestnuts, which prevents insect/mould damage during storage, was studied to assess the release of polyphenols from the fruit. Metabolites extracted from pericarp and integument tissues or released in the medium from the water curing process were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and electrospray-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry (ESI-qTOF-MS). This identified: (i) condensed and hydrolyzable tannins made of (epi)catechin (procyanidins) and acid ellagic units in pericarp tissues; (ii) polyphenols made of gallocatechin and catechin units condensed with gallate (prodelphinidins) in integument counterparts; (iii) metabolites resembling those reported above in the wastewater from the chestnut curing process. Comparative experiments were also performed on aqueous media recovered from fruits treated with processes involving: (i) tap water; (ii) tap water containing an antifungal Lb. pentosus strain; (iii) wastewater from a previous curing treatment. These analyses indicated that the former treatment determines a 6–7-fold higher release of polyphenols in the curing water with respect to the other ones. This event has a negative impact on the luster of treated fruits but qualifies the corresponding wastes as a source of antioxidants. Such a phenomenon does not occur in wastewater from the other curing processes, where the release of polyphenols was reduced, thus preserving the chestnut’s appearance. Polyphenol profiling measurements demonstrated that bacterial presence in water hampered the release of pericarp metabolites. This study provides a rationale to traditional processing practices on fruit appearance and qualifies the corresponding wastes as a source of bioactive compounds for other nutraceutical applications.

scholarly journals Influence of saw chain type and wood species on the kickback angle of a chainsaw

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (21) ◽  
pp. 323-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zdzisław Kaliniewicz ◽  
Łukasz Maleszewski ◽  
Zbigniew Krzysiak
Keyword(s):  
Wood Species ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Test Stand ◽  
Lower Price ◽  
Level Gauge ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Chain Type

Wood processing operations, in particular debarking, can pose a significant hazard for the chainsaw operator when performed without due caution. The most common hazards with potentially fatal consequences include kickback which occurs when the chainsaw’s guide bar is violently thrown backwards towards the operator. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of wood species and different saw chain brands on the kickback angle of a chainsaw. The kickback angle of a combustion chainsaw was analyzed in a self-designed test stand with the use of a digital level gauge accurate to 0.1°. Four differently priced saw chain brands, including two standard chains and two chains with anti-kickback features, were evaluated. Kickback was analyzed on five wood species (pine, spruce, birch, alder and oak) at three engine speeds (50%, 75% and 100% of maximum rotational speed). Kickback was significantly determined by wood species and saw chain type, and it was less influenced by the rotational speed of the chainsaw engine. The average kickback angle was largest in alder and smallest in spruce. The analyzed parameter was not always reduced by saw chains with anti-kickback features. In some cases, low-priced saw chains with anti-kickback features offer less protection than more expensive standard chains. Chainsaw buyers should decide whether it is worthwhile to compromise on safety in exchange for a lower price.

scholarly journals Green and Durable Lightweight Aggregate Concrete: The Role of Waste and Recycled Materials

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 3041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiyu Wang ◽  
Kai Zheng ◽  
Na Cui ◽  
Xin Cheng ◽  
Kai Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Lightweight Aggregate ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Lightweight Aggregate Concrete ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Aggregate Concrete ◽  
By Products

Lightweight aggregate concrete manufactured by solid waste or recycled by-products is a burgeoning topic in construction and building materials. It has significant merits in mitigating the negative impact on the environment during the manufacturing of Portland cement and reduces the consumption of natural resources. In this review article, the agricultural and industrial wastes and by-products, which were used as cementitious materials and artificial lightweight aggregate concrete, are summarized. Besides, the mechanical properties, durability, and a few advanced microstructure characterization methods were reviewed as well. This review also provides a look to the future research trends that may help address the challenges or further enhance the environmental benefits of lightweight aggregate concrete manufactured with solid waste and recycled by-products.

scholarly journals The Potential of Remedial Techniques for Hazard Reduction of Steel Process by Products: Impact on Steel Processing, Waste Management, the Environment and Risk to Human Health

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 2093 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiri Rodgers ◽  
Iain McLellan ◽  
Simon Cuthbert ◽  
Victoria Masaguer Torres ◽  
Andrew Hursthouse
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Electrostatic Precipitator ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Basic Oxygen Furnace ◽  
Organic Additives ◽  
Chemical Cleaning ◽  
By Products

The negative impact from industrial pollution of the environment is still a global occurrence, and as a consequence legislation and subsequent regulation is becoming increasingly stringent in response, in particular, to minimising potential impact on human health. These changes have generated growing pressures for the steel industry to innovate to meet new regulations driving a change to the approach to waste management across the industrial landscape, with increasing focus on the principles of a circular economy. With a knowledge of the compositional profiles of process by-products, we have assessed chemical cleaning to improve environmental performance and minimise disruption to manufacturing processes, demonstrating re-use and recycling capacity. We show that with a knowledge of phase composition, we are able to apply stabilisation methods that can either utilise waste streams directly or allow manipulation, making them suitable for re-use and/or inert disposal. We studied blast furnace slags and Portland cement mixes (50%/50% and 30%/70%) with a variety of other plant wastes (electrostatic precipitator dusts (ESP), blast furnace (BF) sludge and basic oxygen furnace (BOF) sludge) which resulted in up to 90% immobilisation of hazardous constituents. The addition of organic additives i.e., citric acid can liberate or immobilise problematic constituents; in the case of K, both outcomes occurred depending on the waste type; ESP dust BF sludge and BOF fine sludge. Pb and Zn however were liberated with a 50–80% and 50–60% residue reduction respectively, which generates possibilities for alternative uses of materials to reduce environmental and human health impact.

Dissipation rates of some selected pesticides from the soil of tea agroecosystem in Assam, India

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumnam Devashree ◽  
B. K. Dutta ◽  
S. B. Paul ◽  
Sudip Choudhury
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Tea Plantations ◽  
Tea Plants ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact

An experiment was carried out in Rosekandy Tea Estate, Barak Valley, Assam to investigate the persistence of some selected pesticides (i.e Endosulfan, Fipronil, Paraquat and 2,4-D) on the soil. These pesticides were applied in the soil as per the application rate, where one year old tea plants were growing and the residue were analysed for a period of 50 days. Their degradation kinetics in soil was also studied and described. Soil samples were collected with the help of soil corer. The samples were brought to the laboratory, air dried in room temperature and extracted for analysis with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Among the pesticides 2,4-D was highly persistent with half life of 57.75 days followed by Endosulfan which lost 42.64% of its initial concentration by the last sampling period (i.e 50 days) after the spraying. Fipronil and paraquat lost 65% and 70.32% of initial residue in soil making them the least persistent amongst these pesticides in the studied soil. Considering the impact of pesticide residues on human health, the less persistent pesticides may be used in tea plantations to minimize the potential negative impact of pesticides in the environment. The cost benefit ratios of the use of the pesticides should be also worked out.

Bioaerosols in industrial environments: a reviewThis article is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue on Biological Air Treatment.

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 1873-1886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Gilbert ◽  
Caroline Duchaine
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Airborne Microorganisms ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Sample Characterization ◽  
Air Sample ◽  
Agricultural Industries ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
By Products ◽  
Selection Of

Air quality in workplaces is a main concern for industrial hygienists and occupational health specialists. Aerosolization of microorganisms or their by-products from contaminated material can significantly decrease the air quality and expose the workers’ health to potentially harmful effects. To identify the risks and elaborate safe exposure thresholds, the microbiology of air samples from industrial workplaces must be characterized, which means the airborne microorganisms must be identified and quantified. This review summarizes, for nonbiologist specialists, the principal sampling and analysis techniques for air sample characterization regarding microbiological contamination. A survey of the literature regarding levels of airborne bacteria, fungi, and viruses in agricultural industries, waste management plants, peat and wood processing facilities, and other industries is also provided. This review shows that very complex bioaerosol sources are present in industrial settings, and variable and hardly predictable biodiversity is expected in such environments.

Inoculant effects on the fermentation quality, chemical composition and saponin content of lucerne silage in a mixture with wheat bran or corn husk

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (12) ◽  
pp. 2249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jipeng Tian ◽  
Risu Na ◽  
Zhu Yu ◽  
Zhongkuan Liu ◽  
Zhenyu Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Corn Husk ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Saponin Content ◽  
Fermentation Quality ◽  
By Products

This study evaluated the effects of lactic acid bacteria inoculants on the fermentation quality and chemical composition of lucerne silage (A), a mixture of lucerne and wheat bran (A+WB), and a mixture of lucerne and corn husk (A+CH). The application rates of wheat bran in A+WB or corn husk in A+CH were 10%, 15%, and 20% of the whole fresh material. These different materials were treated with distilled water (Control), Lactobacillus plantarum 1 (LAB1), L. plantarum 2 (LAB2), L. plantarum 8 (LAB8) or a commercial inoculant (LALMAND) at a rate of 106 CFU/g of fresh forage. As the application rate of the by-products increased, the dry matter, lactate, propionate, and neutral detergent fibre (after heat-stable amylase treatment) contents increased, and the pH and the acetate, ammonia nitrogen, crude protein, and non-fibre carbohydrate contents decreased. The A+WB showed better fermentation quality than A and A+CH. The inoculants had beneficial effects on the silages, but the effects varied. The results indicate that the use of LAB1, LAB2, or LAB8 was better with A, whereas LALMAND was preferable for use with A+WB or A+CH. The saponin content decreased during ensiling and was positively correlated with the pH and the acetate and ammonia nitrogen content but negatively correlated with the dry matter content. The increase in the application rate of by-products and the addition of LALMAND further decreased the saponin content. Overall, the combined effects of the inoculants, by-products, and different application rates improved the fermentation quality and chemical composition and led to greater a reduction of saponin in lucerne silage, but the selection of suitable types and application rates of by-products and inoculants is essential.

Characterization of lightweight mortars containing wood processing by-products waste

2016 ◽  
Vol 123 ◽  
pp. 281-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Corinaldesi ◽  
Alida Mazzoli ◽  
Rafat Siddique
Keyword(s):  
Wood Processing ◽  
By Products
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