scholarly journals DETERMINANTS OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS OUTFLOW FROM A DEVELOPING COUNTRY: THE CASE OF TURKEY

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gokhan Onder ◽  
Zeynep Karal
Keyword(s):  
Host Country ◽  
Inflation Rate ◽  
Home Country ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Other ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Negative Relation ◽  
Positive Effects

Foreign direct investments (FDI) outflows of Turkey have remarkably been raising over the last decade. This rapid increase brings about the need for questioning the determinants of FDI outflows. The aim of this paper is to estimate the factors affecting outflow FDI from Turkey from 2002 to 2011 by using Prais-Winsten regression analysis. According to estimation results, population, infrastructure, percapita gross domestic product of the host country, and home country exports to the host country are the factors having positive effects on outflow FDI. We found, on the other hand, that the annual inflation rate of the host country, its tax rate collected from commercial profit, and its distance from Turkey have a negative relation with investment outflows. Moreover our results show that while investment outflows to developed countries are in the form of horizontal investments, investment outflows to developing countries are in the form of vertical investments.

Country-of-origin and CSR initiatives: a social dominance perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 501-515
Author(s):  
Leyla Orudzheva ◽  
Nolan Gaffney
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Social Dominance ◽  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
Home Country ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Business Context

Purpose Research on corporate social responsibility (CSR) continues to proliferate, but why and how multinational enterprises (MNEs) from different parts of the world engage in CSR is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there are differences in behavior based on the status of the MNE’s home country relative to the host country. Design/methodology/approach Applying a social dominance theory (SDT) framework, the authors explain variations in MNE behavior because of perceived hierarchical differences between a MNE’s home country and that of the host country. It is posited that these hierarchical differences trigger a country-of-origin bias that affects stakeholders’ expectations for the MNE, as well as that firm’s response to those expectations. In this integrative conceptual paper, we propose a testable framework derived from a deductive approach that applies the tenets of SDT to predict outcomes of CSR implementation by MNE’s subsidiaries. Findings MNEs from less developed countries are subject to lower expectations and engage in self-debilitating behavior, which may hinder their attempts to implement CSR initiatives in more developed countries. Paradoxically, engaging in CSR initiatives could help reduce liability of foreignness and increase chances for competitive advantage. Practical implications MNEs from developing countries should be aware of a potential country-of-origin bias affecting decisions on CSR implementation and that could also be detrimental to their competitive advantage when operating in more developed countries. Conversely, MNEs from developed countries should be ready for higher expectations of their CSR initiatives in less developed countries. Originality/value This paper strives to contribute to two extant literatures. First, it contributes to the social dominance literature by applying the perspective in the international business context, specifically research on MNE liability of origin. Second, this perspective offers testable propositions on how perceived hierarchies and liability of origin affect firm decision-making, specifically in the context of developing country MNEs. Third, this paper seeks to expand the discussion of MNE subsidiary CSR behavior to account for the relative context of the home and host country.

scholarly journals The Complex Identities of Latvians Abroad: What Shapes a Migrant’s Sense of Belonging?

2019 ◽  
pp. 69-95
Author(s):  
Ilze Koroļeva
Keyword(s):  
Host Country ◽  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
Home Country ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Social Belonging ◽  
Transformation Processes

Abstract Building on the data from The Emigrant Communities of Latvia survey, this chapter aims to reveal and describe the complex nature of the sense of geographic and social belonging of those who became emigrants. It will explore the factors affecting the maintenance of their identity and consider transformation processes among migrants. The starting point of this chapter is the assumption that the ‘sense of belonging’ is affected by a variety of different objective and subjective factors, and that identity is multi-faceted. Instead of facing a trade-off between feeling close to the home country or host country, or developing a supranational identity, different combinations of types of a ‘sense of belonging’ can be distinguished among Latvian migrants. Using cluster analysis, the author distinguishes four separate groups of emigrants based on their attitudes and self-identification. Among the findings is that most respondents feel closer to Latvia than their host country. However, people who left Latvia during the years of the Great Recession and its aftermath, and who left for economic reasons, are the most alienated from their home country. Among the factors important in shaping this sense of belonging are subjective life satisfaction and having friends and family back at home.

Introduction: Diaspora, Performance, and National Affiliations in North America

2003 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
LOREN KRUGER
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
North America ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Home Country ◽  
South Asians ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cantonese Opera ◽  
The One

Although current theories of diaspora argue for a break between an older irrevocable migration from one nation to another and a new transnational movement between host country and birthplace, research on nineteenth- as well as twentieth-century North America demonstrates that earlier migration also had a transnational dimension. The cultural consequences of this two-way traffic include syncretic performance forms, institutions, and audiences, whose legitimacy depended on engagement with but not total assimilation in local conventions and on the mobilization of touristic nostalgia in, say, Cantonese opera in California or Bavarian-American musicals in New York, to appeal to nativist and immigrant consumers. Today, syncretic theatre of diaspora is complicated on the one hand by a theatre of diasporic residence, in which immigrants dramatize inherited conflicts in the host country, such as Québécois separatism in Canada, along with problems of migrants, among them South Asians, and on the other by a theatre of non-residence, touring companies bringing theatre from the home country, say India, to ‘non-resident Indians’ and local audiences in the United States.

scholarly journals The 2015 International Psychogeriatric Association Junior Research Awards in Psychogeriatrics

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 1927-1928
Author(s):  
David Ames
Keyword(s):  
Host Country ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Associate Editor ◽  
The Other ◽  
Developing Nation ◽  
Junior Research ◽  
The Usa ◽  
First Time ◽  
Beijing China ◽  
Selection Of

Early in 2015, I was asked to chair the judging panel for the 2015 International Psychogeriatric Association (IPA) Junior Research Awards in Psychogeriatrics, and was pleased to help in this way for the second Congress in succession. The other five judges who kindly gave up their time to assist with the selection of the three prize winners were Nicola Lautenschlager, an old age psychiatrist from Australia, co-opted to the panel in her role as the current Editor-in Chief of International Psychogeriatrics (the three winning papers are published in this issue as has been traditional for over 25 years), Glenna Dowling, a nurse from the USA who is also an associate editor of International Psychogeriatrics, Karen Ritchie, a psychologist working in France, Martina Roes, a nurse turned sociologist from Germany, the host country for the 2015 IPA Congress, and Huali Wang, a psychiatrist from Beijing, China. Depending on how you look at it, our panel consisted of three psychiatrists, one psychologist, two nurses and a bonus sociologist, five judges from developed countries and one from a developing nation, or five women and one man, which I think is the first time that such an IPA prize judging panel has had a female majority.

scholarly journals Factors affecting capital structure of businesses in real estate sector on stock exchange

Accounting ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 1305-1314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Ho Phi Ha ◽  
Mai Thanh Tu
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Capital Structure ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Real Estate ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Business Executives ◽  
Negative Effect

Based on the financial statements of real estate companies listed on Vietnamese stock market, the study has been conducted on factors affecting capital structure. The paper uses GLS (generalized least squared) estimation method related to panel data as well as testing to select the most appropriate model. Research results show that profitable real estate businesses, the ratio of fixed assets to total assets and the number of years of operation have a negative effect on capital structure. In contrast, renewable energy, size and growth are three factors that have positive effects on capital structure. In addition, the corporate income tax rate does not affect the capital structure decisions of real estate businesses. Through research, recommendations for the real estate business executives have been proposed to build an effective capital structure.

scholarly journals Analysis of Factors Affecting Performance of Vietnamese Commercial Banks: Testing SCP and ES Hypotheses

2014 ◽  
Vol 219 ◽  
pp. 81-92
Author(s):  
HIỀN PHAN THU ◽  
HẠNH PHAN THỊ MỸ
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Market Share ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Inflation Rate ◽  
Market Concentration ◽  
Total Asset ◽  
Bank Performance ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Factors Affecting Performance

The research aims at analyzing factors impacting on performance of Vietnamese commercial banks in the years 2005-2012. The authors test SCP (structure-conduct-performance) and ES (efficient structure) paradigms for factors affecting return ratios of banks. The results show that it is market concentration instead of market share that has positive effects on bank performance as shown in their return on average assets (ROAA) and return on average equity assets (ROAE). Additionally, bank size, ownership, ratio of deposit to total asset and inflation rate also produce effects on performance of commercial banks in Vietnam. These findings allow authors to offer some measures to support a sustainable development for Vietnamese commercial banks.

scholarly journals The Impact of Scientific and Technological Progress on the Banking Sector Economic Security

2019 ◽  
pp. 113-121
Author(s):  
Yuliya Budovich ◽  
Irina Ryzhova
Keyword(s):  
Technological Progress ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
The Other ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

The impact of scientific and technological progress is global and ubiquitous. It is used to digitize society and complicate economic processes. Although the impact of scientific and technological progress on the development of society is currently highly appreciated, it is not easy to assess its impact on individual sectors. At the same time, it carries new risks and threats the economy of any country constantly deals with. The economy of Russia, as well as the economies of other developed countries, is subject to global changes. Each of its areas is permeated with scientific and technological progress. The Russian banking sector is also under its influence. The modern Russian banking sector is undergoing rapid digitalization of banking procedures. Positive effects of this activity are noted. However, digitalization is a controversial and long process. On the one hand, transaction costs are decreasing, on the other hand, new threats that increase risks are emerging. In addition, scientific and technological progress affects not only interbank procedures and protocols, but also interbank relations. Besides, changes within the banking sector have a direct impact on the socio-economic situation of citizens. The article considers the external and internal threats affecting the banking sector security and reveals causal relationships of their origin. The authors also propose measures to improve the banking sector economic security.

Equity Ownership Determination in Foreign Direct Investments of Developing Economies: The Case of Korean Outward FDIs

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 1250003
Author(s):  
Sung C. Bae ◽  
Kyungwon Ju ◽  
Kyoo H. Kim ◽  
Taek Ho Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Host Country ◽  
Joint Venture ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Industry Sector ◽  
Equity Ownership ◽  
Technology Level

In this paper, we develop an international joint venture model and examine the equity ownership determination of Korean outward FDIs, one of the major developing economies (DEs), into both developed countries (DCs) and other DEs. We do this by explicitly considering the cost of technology leakage and the potential profits from FDI projects. Our results show that the relation between equity ownership and technology level depends on both the host country and industry sector. Regarding the host country, this relation is positive for FDIs into DEs but negative for FDIs into DCs. Regarding industry, this relation is positive and insignificant for the manufacturing sector but negative and significant for the nonmanufacturing sector. Combined together, these results indicate that Korean firms benefit most from competitive advantages through their FDIs into the manufacturing sector of DEs. In contrast, such competitive advantages of Korean firms diminish in their FDIs into DCs regardless of the industry sector.

scholarly journals International Trade and Macro-Economic Policy in Eurasian Economies

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naime İrem Koşan ◽  
Sudi Apak ◽  
Selahattin Sarı
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
World Economy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Domestic Savings ◽  
The Relationship

International trade is defined the exchange of goods, services, and capital among various countries and regions. Also the potential of imports and exports account for an important part of growth. On the other hand, total value of international trade in goods and services shows the countries’ integration into the world economy. In this paper we focused on to analyze the effects on imports and make inferences for Eurasian Countries. In this paper we aim to examine the relationship between imports and macro-economic indicators in 6 Eurasian economies. To analyze the relationship, we used panel data regression analysis. Data obtained from World Bank. The panel data covers 1996-2012 periods and 6 countries which named Kazakhstan, Russian Federation, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyz Republic, Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan. We predicted pooled, fixed effects and random effects panel data models using the Stata and analyzed them. The dependent variable is defined the imports in our model. It has been found that gross domestic savings, foreign direct investments and, and exports are statistically significant for this countries. The results found in this paper show that gross domestic savings has negative effects on imports. On the other hand, for this 6 countries foreign direct investments (inflow) and exports have positive effects on imports as we expected. It shows us the economic positions of Eurasian countries still depend on Russian Federation. Also, these findings have important policy implications for Eurasian Countries. Our interpretation of these findings is that, integration to world economy has generally positive effects on foreign direct investments for this countries.

scholarly journals Institutionalising diasporic Islam: multiculturalism, secularism and the integration of Muslim immigrants in Britain

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amika Wardana
Keyword(s):  
Host Country ◽  
Home Country ◽  
Religious Tradition ◽  
The Other ◽  
British Society ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Muslim Immigrants ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The One

The integration of Muslim immigrants in Western countries especially Britain has<br />attracted wider attention both from academia, policymakers and public in gen-<br />eral. Their different religion (i.e. Islam) has been regarded as the crucial factors<br />in the process contextualised by the socio-political circumstances of the host<br />society and the existence transnational link to the home country encouraging<br />them to reproduce and transplant their ethno-religious tradition in diaspora. The<br />article addresses the interplay between, on the one hand, the strong and weak-<br />ness of the politics of multiculturalism and the secularisation and desecularisation<br />of British society, and on the other, the institutionalisation of Islam in Britain amidst<br />the persistent internal divisions and fragmentations of minority Muslim immi-<br />grant communities. As the result, Muslim immigrants have set up an ethno-reli-<br />gious integration trajectory through their own established socio-religious institu-<br />tions and associations in parallel with the host country social and political ones.<br />Integrasi  imigran  Muslim  di  negara-negara  Barat  khususnya  Inggris  telah<br />memeroleh perhatian luas baik dari kalangan akademisi, pembuat kebijakan dan publik pada umumnya. Keragaman agama mereka (termasuk Islam) dipandang<br />sebagai faktor penting dalam proses yang dikontekstualisasi oleh lingkungan sosio-politik masyarakat setempat dan hubungan transnasional yang ada dengan negara<br />asal yang mendorong mereka mereproduksi dan mentransplantasi tradisi etno-religi mereka di diaspora. Artikel ini memaparkan hubungan saling pengaruh<br />antara  kekuatan  dan  kelemahan  politik  multikulturalisme  di  satu  sisi,  dan<br />institusionalisasi Islam di Inggris yang melahirkan pembagian dan fragmentasi<br />internal di kalangan komunitas imigran Muslim minoritas di sisi lain. Akibatnya,<br />imigran Muslim telah membangun peta integrasi etno-religi melalui lembaga-lembaga dan asosiasi-asosiasi sosio-religi mereka yang sudah mapan paralel<br />dengan lembaga dan asosiasi social dan politik negara setempat.

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