The Issues of the Formation of the Common Economic Interest in the Russian Economic System

The article is devoted to studying the theory of economic interests on the basis of the retrospective analysis of the works of the main economic school representatives, modern Russian and foreign scientists. The aim of the work is to elaborate the concept of the common economic interest in the modern Russian economic system. To achieve this aim, the author conducted the development analysis of the relevant methodological approaches to the study of economic relations, identified the most relevant concepts and proposed the concept interpretations of the national economic system priorities. It is established that the evolution of the theory of economic interests is directly related to the world economy development. In the current conditions, approaches related to absolutization of state (characteristic of the Late Middle Ages) or private (used during the rapid development of the market) interests are not applicable to achieve the common economic interest. Today, the theory introduces the factors of uncertainty, limited knowledge, explores real and perceived interests, and increases the role of social security and environmental safety. The analysis carried out in the work indicates the need to include social, innovative, technological, labor, infrastructure, institutional priorities, as well as self-sufficiency of the economy in the definition of the common economic interest. The results of the work can be used in developing strategies to improve the competitiveness of the Russian economy.

Economic and Mathematical Modeling of the Direct Effects of Large-Scale Infrastructure Projects on Developing Territories

The problem of assessing the effects of infrastructure projects for territories is debatable. Modeling experience has been accumulated today, and elaborated macroeconomic models allow to identify causal relationships between the indicators of transport development and economic growth. The goal of this article is to define a simulation model of assessing the impact of transport projects on the economic growth of Krasnodar Krai exemplified by the Crimean Bridge project. The solution of this scientific problem requires taking into account different factors and complicated interrelationships within the framework of the regional social and economic system under consideration, using methods of system analysis and tools of economic and mathematical simulation. The simulation model reflects the scenario parameters of the capital management policy, highway transport freight turnover, highway transport freight turnover directly connected with the construction of Kerch Straight Bridge, carriage of goods by railway transport, carriage of goods by railway transport directly connected with the construction of Kerch Straight Bridge. The interrelations of this model’s parameters are established by the econometrics methods. In accordance with the produced scenarios the expected median values of the additional increment of the Krasnodar Krai GRP due to the increment of transportation associated with the Crimean Bridge operation are in the range between 0.97 % and 1.1 %. The most conservative scenario presumes the median value of 0.97 % and lower limit of 0.8 %. This tool can be used to assess the direct effect of railway and road construction for other Russian regions. The proposed simulation model will be further expanded by including further distribution functions of scenario variables and additional structural relationships.

The Environmental Assessment of Urban Agglomerations on the Basis of Sustainable Development Indicators

The article discusses the indicators of sustainable development given from the standpoint of the classical concept of sustainable development. The methods used are analyzed to identify criteria for sustainable development. The indicators of sustainable development have been known and developed for a long time. However, their development did not take into account the regional fix, which would allow creating a permanent set of the most representative indicators for a certain territory. Volgograd and Rostov agglomerations are chosen as objects. A complex analysis of the regional indicators of sustainable development is carried out taking into account physiographic, climatic, sectoral features, the economic potential and ecological well-being of Volgograd and Rostov agglomerations. The work assesses the ecological and economic sustainability of the agglomerations under study, which allows to give the comparative analysis of the territory development predictive models. Today, it is still too early to talk about the effectiveness of achieving criteria for sustainable development in urban agglomerations. The accepted methods cannot be considered effective due to the fact that the efforts of all areas of management are needed. In the forecast, we can talk about a slight increase in the stability of Rostov agglomeration due to capital inflows. Taking into account current trends, Volgograd agglomeration can face a gradual decrease in sustainability requiring an immediate intervention.

The Prospects of Developing Enotourism in Crimea on the Example of the Sevastopol Wine Road

In accordance with the development Strategy of Sevastopol and “Developing Culture and Tourism of the City of Sevastopol for 2017–2020” state program, the city of Sevastopol plans to position itself as a center of tourism. This paper discusses the possibility of developing a unique investment project in the city of Sevastopol – “Wine Road. Sevastopol”, analyzes the prospects of enotourism in Crimea on the example of this project. The aim of this project is to form the “Wine Road. Sevastopol” single brand, which will combine the products and services of a number of enterprises of viticulture and winemaking, including proprietor’s wine. It will combine using the services of hotels, catering, production of souvenirs, etc. The city of Sevastopol has the potential to conduct wine tours, as it is able not only to satisfy the request of “rural” wine tourism, but also provide visits to the largest and most famous wineries of the city: “Inkerman”, “Zolotaya Balka”, Sevastopol Winery. All these objects of winemaking are located close to each other, which allows to create a large catalog of route maps to attract more tourists. According to the results of the research, the authors present a detailed SWOT analysis of the “Wine Road. Sevastopol” project, and outline the prospects of its development, future prospects, and analyze the anticipated effect of the project implementation. In case of successful implementation of this unique investment project a favorable investment climate and business environment will be formed in the city of Sevastopol. This will contribute to the increase of tourist attractiveness and investment potential of the city, improve the standard of living of citizens, increase the number of jobs.

Investment Platforms in the Infrastructure of the Financial Market of the Russian Federation

Today investment platforms are at the stage of formation and development, and they do not occupy an essential share of the financial market. However, digital data processing, automated service provision, availability of financial resources and minimum costs of transaction processing are the factors stimulating market development in the Russian Federation. The article presents the research results of investment platforms in the Russian Federation. The authors gave a comparative assessment of platforms in the domestic financial market. The article described the problems and prospects of developing crowdfund investments in the Russian Federation. In the analysis of investment platforms the author used general scientific methods, such as comparison, generalization and the logical approach. As a result of the conducted research the author draws the conclusion that the volumes and number of transactions on Russian investment platforms increase. However, this method of capital investment did not reach the level of necessary standards which would give the chance of its universal application. Moreover, this way of project financing implies essential risks which are much higher in the Russian Federation, than in the European countries. The lack of the platform activity state regulation and inability to control the platform at the Smart System level is the paramount reason of that risks.

The System Approach and Problems of Modeling Natural-Technogenic Safety

The paper substantiates the necessity of using the system analysis as an effective tool for studying security problems, in particular the problems of ensuring natural and man-made safety, in the study of natural and anthropogenic threats. The article shows the interrelation and interdependence of natural and man-made safety factors, which is confirmed at the fundamental level today. The article identifies the main types of natural- anthropogenic hazards, such as those of natural, man-made, social character. To study the problems of natural and man-made safety, the model of an ecological-technogenic system is proposed, which adequately reflects the main processes that determine the problems of natural and man-made safety; the specificity of the system approach to problems of natural and man-made safety is determined. This model allows us to classify the risks of the complex system operation. The article, using the methodology of system analysis, highlights the most important methodological principles to be followed when exploring ecological and man-made systems as well. They are: the principle of optimal simplicity, the principle of social responsibility, the principle of interdisciplinarity of the ecological-technogenic system, the principle of objectivity, the principle of hierarchy of goals, the principle of values and “economic realism”, the principle of analysing of constantly developing systems, the principle of system synthesis. The author formulates the main stages of the system analysis of natural and technological safety problems. The author concludes that developing the fundamentals of risk-based analysis of emergency situation consequences requires a special attention.

Green Demand as a Factor and Condition of the Economy Ecological Modernization

National and foreign analysts assess by common consent the demand for green products as the most important factor and condition determining the depth and speed of economy greening processes. From this viewpoint, the analysis of the processes forming green demand in the country is of great interest. The role of the tourism industry in the global economy and in the processes of transition to the green economic growth model defines the importance of the impact analysis of dynamic aggregate green demand for economy greening in the regions with recreation and tourism specialization. The article shows the results of studying the components of aggregate demand for the main institutional economic entities: households, state and corporations. The paper analyzes the factors and conditions of its forming. A special focus is on the problems of forming green demand for tourism industry products. The low level of aggregate green demand in Russia is substantiated in the conclusion. This proves the fact that economic entities are not ready to change their behavior in production and consumption processes in order to reduce negative effect on the environment and requires urgent measures for the formation and efficient application of green demand stimulating devices and the environmental transformation of the economy. The results of analyzing the conditions and dynamics of forming aggregate green demand give much better sense of the mechanism of economy ecological modernization in general and its separate sectors and form a methodological basis for the determination of its structure and functions.

The Modern Contradictions of the Modern “Economy” System

This article is devoted to the disclosure of the main contradictions of the capitalist socio-economic system at the present crisis stage of its development and the specifics of their implementation in modern Russia. The basis of the formation and development of the capitalist socio-economic system is the confrontation of internal opposites. As a result, these contradictions determined the trajectory of the movement of capitalist society and determined the inevitability of the transient nature of its fate. Modern capitalism is also characterized by a number of the deepest contradictions of antagonistic and non-antagonistic character inherent to it 100 years ago. They interpenetrate and condition each other, act as a manifestation and embodiment of the main contradiction – a long overdue conflict between the nature of production and appropriation / distribution. And today the situation makes it possible to use the existing advantages of the global monopolization process. These contradictions are unfolding with a new crushing force, which is confirmed by the entire course of historical events. The concentration of all economic activity has reached such a level that, from V.I. Lenin’s point of view, capitalism approached the socialization of production and entered the conflict with the capital itself. As a result, the proposal to subordinate the global monopoly to public interests, that is their socialization, seems quite logical. Moreover, there are no problems with considering all resources on the global scale using modern advances in science and technology.

The Rating Assessment of Food Security of the Southern Federal District Regions

The article proposes the methodological tool and comprehensive indicator for assessing the food security of the regions. The index of food security is determined on the basis of the systematic groups of indicators. In the distribution of food products, the following indicators are analyzed: the indexes of food prices, the magnitude of the change in real incomes of the population, the population with incomes below the subsistence minimum. Among the indicators in the distribution of food products the volume of food consumption in accordance with rational consumption rates, the share of food expenditure in the structure of household consumption expenditures are considered. In the field of production the indexes of production of various types of agricultural products in the region are considered. The ranking of the Southern Federal District (SFD) regions by selected groups of indicators made it possible to determine the leaders in food security among the regions. In 2017, Krasnodar Krai, the Republic of Adygea and Rostov Region were among these regions. On the basis of the analysis performed, the authors established risks and threats in food supply of the SFD regions: imbalance of the consumer ration; decrease in real incomes and purchasing power of population; a high proportion of the population with incomes below the subsistence minimum in the region. The practical significance of the proposed approach lies in the possibility of justifying the choice of priority measures to optimize agrarian policy, taking into account the need to maintain an acceptable level of food provision in the regions of Russia.

The Impact of Scientific and Technological Progress on the Banking Sector Economic Security

The impact of scientific and technological progress is global and ubiquitous. It is used to digitize society and complicate economic processes. Although the impact of scientific and technological progress on the development of society is currently highly appreciated, it is not easy to assess its impact on individual sectors. At the same time, it carries new risks and threats the economy of any country constantly deals with. The economy of Russia, as well as the economies of other developed countries, is subject to global changes. Each of its areas is permeated with scientific and technological progress. The Russian banking sector is also under its influence. The modern Russian banking sector is undergoing rapid digitalization of banking procedures. Positive effects of this activity are noted. However, digitalization is a controversial and long process. On the one hand, transaction costs are decreasing, on the other hand, new threats that increase risks are emerging. In addition, scientific and technological progress affects not only interbank procedures and protocols, but also interbank relations. Besides, changes within the banking sector have a direct impact on the socio-economic situation of citizens. The article considers the external and internal threats affecting the banking sector security and reveals causal relationships of their origin. The authors also propose measures to improve the banking sector economic security.