scholarly journals The prioritisation of zoonoses in the Republic of North Macedonia – Do we need one health approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Blazho Janevski ◽  
Fimka Tozija ◽  
Gordana Ristovska ◽  
Vladimir Mikikj ◽  
Vasilka Poposka-Treneska
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
One Health ◽  
National Level ◽  
West Nile Fever ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fevers ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Republic ◽  
And Control ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Zoonoses have a different impact on public health, determined by geographical and socio-economic factors, which requires their prioritization for prevention and control purposes to be performed at the national level. Prioritization of zoonoses is a mechanism used in policy-making, primarily in allocating available resources. Aim of the paper is to compare two different methods used for prioritization of zoonoses by Institute of public health (IPH) and Food and Veterinary Agency (FVA). Material and methods: IPH used a method prepared by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), - One Health Zoonotic Disease Prioritization (OHZDP) tool, adapted to national conditions (2019). FVA used a standardized semi-quantitative method based on the OIE Methodological Manual (List and Categorization of priority diseases in animals including and those transmitted to humans). A total of 21 zoonoses have been selected, based on their importance for the human and veterinary sector. These diseases are ranked according to the stated criteria of the two previously conducted prioritizations and their comparison is performed. Results: With the prioritization conducted by IPH and FVA the first 5 ranked zoonoses are: Hemorrhagic fevers with renal syndrome, Leishmaniasis, Tularemia, Brucellosis and Listeriosis. With the prioritization carried out by the FVA the first 5 ranked zoonoses are: Bovine brucellosis, Bovine tuberculosis, Salmonellosis, Avian influenza and West Nile fever. A Cumulative Annual Incidence is taken as a control parameter. Regarding this, the 5 first ranked zoonoses are Echinococcosis, Brucellosis, Lyme fever, Leishmaniasis and Tularemia. Conclusions: A comparative analysis of the separate lists of priorities for human and veterinary medicine shows that only a certain percentage overlap. Also, the presence of a number of zoonoses with endemic character, but also a more pronounced risk of new emergent diseases, determines the need to provide consensus on the methodology of prioritization of zoonoses, and its formalization and institutionalization, as a crucial step towards identification and prioritization of zoonoses that would be the subject of joint programs and interventions.

scholarly journals Evolution of Public Health Prevention of Leptospirosis in a One Health Perspective: The Example of Mahasarakham Province (Thailand)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 168
Author(s):  
Jaruwan Viroj ◽  
Claire Lajaunie ◽  
Serge Morand
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
One Health ◽  
Local Level ◽  
National Level ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
And Control ◽  
Depth Interviews

Leptospirosis is an endemic disease with moderate to high incidence in Mahasarakham province, Thailand. The present study was designed to assess the policy implementation mission regarding leptospirosis prevention and control from the national level to the local administrative levels, through a One Health perspective. A qualitative study was conducted, using documentation review, individual in-depth interviews with public health officers, local government officers, livestock officers who developed policy implementation tools or have responsibilities in leptospirosis prevention and control. The results show that Thailand has progressively developed a leptospirosis prevention and control policy framework at the national level, transferring the responsibility of its implementation to the local level. The province of Mahasarakham has decided to foster cooperation in leptospirosis prevention and control at the local level. However, there are insufficient linkages between provincial, district and sub-district departments to ensure comprehensive disease prevention activities at the local level concerning leptospirosis patients and the whole population.

scholarly journals Plesiomonas: A Review on Food Safety, Fish-Borne Diseases, and Tilapia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Alejandro De Jesús Cortés-Sánchez ◽  
Luis Daniel Espinosa-Chaurand ◽  
Mayra Díaz-Ramirez ◽  
Erika Torres-Ochoa
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Fundamental Property ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Plesiomonas Shigelloides ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Public Health Challenge ◽  
And Control

Fish and fish products are considered a fundamental part of the human diet due to their high nutritional value. Food-borne diseases are considered a major public health challenge worldwide due to their incidence, associated mortality, and negative economic repercussions. Food safety is the guarantee that foods will not cause harm to the health of those who consume them, and it is a fundamental property of food quality. Food safety can be at risk of being lost at any stage of the food chain if the food is contaminated by pathogenic microorganisms. Many diverse bacteria are present in the environment and as part of the microbiota of food that can be transmitted to humans during the handling and consumption of food. Plesiomonas shigelloides has been mainly associated with outbreaks of gastrointestinal diseases due to the consumption of fish. This bacterium inhabits the environment and aquatic animals and is associated with the microbiota of fish such as tilapia, a fish of importance in fishing, aquaculture, commercialization, and consumption worldwide. The purpose of this document is to provide, through a bibliographic review of databases (Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, among others), a general informative perspective on food-borne diseases and, in particular, the consumption of fish and tilapia. Diseases derived from contamination by Plesiomonas shigelloides are included, and control and prevention actions and sanitary regulations for fishery products established in several countries around the world are discussed to promote the safety of foods of aquatic origin intended for human consumption and to protect public health.

scholarly journals JOINT REGIONAL MILITARY ACT TO CURB CORONA VIRUS PANDEMIC

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Thomas Atmaja Adi ◽  
Ganesha Wandawa ◽  
Wahyu Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Military Medicine ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Data Processing Tool ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Military

<div><p class="Els-history-head">Threats to the security of the Republic of Indonesia are classified as military and non-military threats. One of the non-military threats is the danger of an epidemic, which includes a threat with a public safety dimension. The growth of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) cases has been very fast. As of August 4, 2020, globally 18.14 million cases were confirmed worldwide with 691,013 deaths or a Case Fatality Ratio (CFR) of 3.8%. The 2019-nCoV Outbreak became a COVID-19 pandemic which has an impact on public health and the world economy. ASEAN Plus member countries are deploying militaries to help contain the spread and control the effects of this pandemic. The military is deployed because it is considered a trained resource and is better prepared to deal with emergencies. The purpose of this study is to analyse the joint action of the regional military in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study uses an explanative qualitative method using NVivo as a data processing tool and data analysis using Soft System Methodology (SSM). The results of this study found that the joint regional military actions that have been carried out to stem the spread of COVID-19 are dominated by activities carried out by the ASEAN Center of Military Medicine (ACMM) as the leading sector, activities that have been carried out are the exchange of information and sharing practical activities in managing COVID-19, holding a Tabletop Exercise (TTX) for public health emergency response, joint research and sharing health materials among ASEAN Plus member countries. Meanwhile, the ASEAN Plus network of biological and radiological defense experts has yet to show specific activities to curb the COVID-19 pandemic.</p></div>

scholarly journals Implementation of a national electronic reporting system in Lithuania

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Domeika ◽  
G Kligys ◽  
O Ivanauskiene ◽  
J Mereckiene ◽  
V Bakasenas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reporting System ◽  
National Level ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
World Health ◽  
Aggregated Data ◽  
Electronic Reporting ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
And Control ◽  
Further Development

Electronic reporting systems improve the quality and timeliness of the surveillance of communicable diseases. The aim of this paper is to present the process of the implementation and introduction of an electronic reporting system for the surveillance of communicable diseases in Lithuania. The project which started in 2002 was performed in collaboration between Lithuania and Sweden and was facilitated by the parallel process of adapting the surveillance system to European Union (EU) standards. The Lotus-based software, SmittAdm, was acquired from the Department of Communicable Diseases Control and Prevention of Stockholm County in Sweden and adopted for Lithuania, resulting in the Lithuanian software, ULISAS. A major advantage of this program for Lithuania was the possibility to work offline. The project was initiated in the two largest counties in Lithuania where ULISAS had been installed and put in use by January 2005. The introduction was gradual, the national level was connected to the system during late 2005, and all remaining counties were included during 2006 and 2007. The reporting system remains to be evaluated concerning timeliness and completeness of the surveillance. Further development is needed, for example the inclusion of all physicians and laboratories and an alert system for outbreaks. The introduction of this case-based, timely electronic reporting system in Lithuania allows better reporting of data to the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) and the World Health Organization (WHO) compared to the former reporting system with paper-based, aggregated data.

Risk Management and Risk Communication in the Case of Vector-Borne Disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 714-725
Author(s):  
Sekovska Blagica ◽  
Stefanovska Jovana
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Risk Governance ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fevers ◽  
Health Concept ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Health Model

Change in environmental and socio-economic, emerging zoonotic diseases will be an increasing challenge for public health in Europe and in Macedonia also. The risks and consequences triggered by vector-borne diseases (VBD) for public health in Macedonia are just starting to emerge in public awareness. This is clearly shown by recent events such as spread of hemorrhagic fevers in Europe. The term “public health” in the scope of this chapter suggests re-conceptualization of public health by adapting the risk governance framework developed by the International Risk Governance Council (IRGC) for this purpose. The IRGC approach is distinguished from more classical risk governance approaches, inter alia, by an explicit inclusion of a systematic concern assessment. However, unfortunately, not all countries are adapted on this innovative public health model. This chapter shows results of a risk management study based on interview in depth with the officials regard public health risk, in frame of one health concept in the Republic of Macedonia.

scholarly journals Oxford Textbook of Global Public Health

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Public Health Policies ◽  
Sixth Edition ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Modern Health Care ◽  
Law And Ethics ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Control

The Oxford Textbook of Global Public Health is the ultimate resource on the subject of public health and epidemiology. It has been thoroughly revised and updated, offering a global and comprehensive perspective on wide-ranging public health needs and priorities in modern health care. It is divided into three areas: 'The Scope of Public Health' discusses the development of the discipline, determinants of health and disease, public health policies, and law and ethics; 'The Methods of Public Health' covers the main science behind the discipline – epidemiology; 'The Practice of Public Health' examines specific public health problems and the options for prevention and control. As well as identifying these issues by system or disease, there is also an awareness of the unique needs of particular population groups. This sixth edition also includes new topics, including climate change, genetic testing and epidemiology; new methods for measuring the burden of disease; life course approaches to epidemiology, behavioural economics; and physical activity, health and wellbeing.

scholarly journals Eliminating dog-mediated rabies: challenges and strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Harish Kumar Tiwari ◽  
Jully Gogoi-Tiwari ◽  
Ian D. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
One Health ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
National Level ◽  
Wound Management ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
And Control ◽  
Multiple Interventions

AbstractRabies is an acute encephalitis caused by a lyssavirus. It is primarily transmitted through bites of infected dogs which results in the worldwide death of an estimated 59000 humans every year. The disease is preventable through the application of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) and its elimination has been demonstrated in many countries by applying multiple interventions simultaneously. Nonetheless, rabies is still widespread in many developing countries, primarily due to the poor implementation of intervention strategies that include inadequate dog-bite wound management practices, unavailability/unaffordability of PEP by the communities, failure to control the disease in free-roaming dogs and wildlife, improper dog population management, weak surveillance and diagnostic facilities and a lack of a One Health approach to the disease. In this review, strategies to control dog-mediated rabies through a One Health approach were discussed. We recommend applying multiple interventions against the disease by involving all the concerned stakeholders in selected urban and rural areas of the countries where rabies is endemic. An empirical demonstration of disease freedom in the selected areas through a One Health approach is needed to convince policymakers to invest in rabies prevention and control on the national level. This multifaceted One Health control model will enhance the likelihood of achieving the goal of global rabies eradication by 2030.

scholarly journals Communicable disease surveillance, prevention and control in Slovenia

2004 ◽  
Vol 8 (25) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Klavs ◽  
A Hocevar-Grom ◽  
M Socan ◽  
M Grgic-Vitek ◽  
L Pahor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
The Republic ◽  
And Control

National communicable disease surveillance, prevention and control in Slovenia is coordinated by the Communicable Diseases Centre of the Institute of Public Health of the Republic of Slovenia

ORAL HEALTH IN PEDIATRICS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1951 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-144
Author(s):  
JOHN A. BIGLER
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Dental Care ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
And Control

Symposia on oral health in children have been all too few on pediatric programs. Although there have been numerous articles in the dental and public health journals, comparatively few have appeared in pediatric and other medical literature. When one considers that children are particularly vulnerable to dental caries and it is estimated that 92% of the population have some dental problems, the importance of this subject becomes evident. There are not enough dentists in this country to take care of the problems. For this reason, prevention and control of dental caries becomes the responsibility of the physician as well as the dentist. It becomes even more an obligation than a responsibility because we as pediatricians assume care that makes for total child health. With this in mind the pediatrician must keep abreast of the theories of dental caries initiation, its control and prevention. He should also recognize when children are getting proper dental care.

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