scholarly journals The Probiotic Bacterium Isolated from Bekasam (Traditional Fermented Food), Lactobacillus Sp. Induces Activation of Gut Mucosal Immune System in Rat

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (21) ◽  
pp. 3530-3533
Author(s):  
Syarif Husin ◽  
Ardesy Melizah ◽  
Syifa Alkaff ◽  
Rachmat Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
T Cell ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Probiotic Bacterium ◽  
Mucosal Immune System ◽  
Cytotoxic T Cell ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay

BACKGROUND: Bekasam is one of the traditional foods in South Sumatra, Indonesia, a mixture of fermented fish containing Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB), Lactobacillus sp. Non-commensal bacteria and probiotics can induce intestinal mucosal immune responses. AIM: This pilot study aimed to see the efficacy of Lactobacillus sp. to the immune response of the intestinal mucosa by assessing the levels of IgA in the intestinal fluid and markers of T cell populations, such as CD4 and CD8 in the intestinal mucosa. METHODS: This study was an in vivo experimental study. As many as 30 rats were grouped into 3 treatment groups (doses 107, 108, and 109 CFU/rat/day, for 7 days) and 2 groups of controls (negative control, 10% non-fat milk, and positive control, Lactobacillus casei 108 CFU/rat/day for 7 days). At the end of the treatment, the intestinal mucosa was taken to examine the levels of IgA, CD4 and CD8 using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method, according to the manuals of each ELISA kit. All displays of research data were presented with means ± SD. T-test was used to assess the significance of differences. RESULTS: Secretion of Ig A increased with the addition of Lactobacillus sp. from bekasam. Administration of Lactobacillus sp. yielded no effect on helper T cell level (CD4 markers), as well as on cytotoxic T cell levels (CD8 markers). CONCLUSION: Lactobacillus sp. probiotic from bekasam improved the intestinal mucosal immune system by increasing the production of Ig A, but exhibited no effect on T lymphocyte cells.  by increasing the production of Ig A, but exhibited no effect on T lymphocyte cells.

scholarly journals Functional Foxp3+ CD4+ CD25(Bright+) “Natural” Regulatory T Cells Are Abundant in Rabbit Conjunctiva and Suppress Virus-Specific CD4+ and CD8+ Effector T Cells during Ocular Herpes Infection

2007 ◽  
Vol 81 (14) ◽  
pp. 7647-7661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony B. Nesburn ◽  
Ilham Bettahi ◽  
Gargi Dasgupta ◽  
Alami Aziz Chentoufi ◽  
Xiuli Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Immune System ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Mucosal Immune System ◽  
Ocular Infection ◽  
Bulbar Conjunctiva ◽  
Herpes Infection ◽  
Ocular Herpes ◽  
Hsv 1

ABSTRACT We studied the phenotype and distribution of “naturally” occurring CD4+ CD25+ T regulatory cells (CD4+ CD25+ nTreg cells) resident in rabbit conjunctiva, the main T-cell inductive site of the ocular mucosal immune system, and we investigated their suppressive capacities using herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)-specific effector T (Teff) cells induced during ocular infection. The expression of CD4, CD25, CTLA4, GITR, and Foxp3 was examined by reverse transcription-PCR, Western blotting, and fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis in CD45+ pan-leukocytes isolated from conjunctiva, spleen, and peripheral blood monocyte cells (PBMC) of HSV-1-infected and uninfected rabbits. Normal conjunctiva showed a higher frequency of CD4+ CD25(Bright+) T cells than did spleen and PBMC. These cells expressed high levels of Foxp3, GITR, and CTLA4 molecules. CD4+ CD25(Bright+) T cells were localized continuously along the upper and lower palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva, throughout the epithelium and substantia propria. Conjunctiva-derived CD4+ CD25(Bright+) T cells, but not CD4+ CD25(low) T cells, efficiently suppressed HSV-specific CD4+ and CD8+ Teff cells. The CD4+ CD25(Bright+) T-cell-mediated suppression was effective on both peripheral blood and conjunctiva infiltrating Teff cells and was cell-cell contact dependent but independent of interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor β. Interestingly, during an ocular herpes infection, there was a selective increase in the frequency and suppressive capacity of Foxp3+ CD4+ CD25(Bright+) T cells in conjunctiva but not in the spleen or in peripheral blood. Altogether, these results provide the first evidence that functional Foxp3+ CD4+ CD25(Bright+) Treg cells accumulate in the conjunctiva. It remains to be determined whether conjunctiva CD4+ CD25+ nTreg cells affect the topical/mucosal delivery of subunit vaccines that stimulate the ocular mucosal immune system.

Experimental silicosis: a shift to a preferential IFN-γ-based Th1 response in thoracic lymph nodes

2000 ◽  
Vol 278 (6) ◽  
pp. L1221-L1230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holger Garn ◽  
Anke Friedetzky ◽  
Andrea Kirchner ◽  
Ruth Jäger ◽  
Diethard Gemsa
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
T Cell Activation ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Cytotoxic T Cell ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Ifn Γ

In chronic silicosis, mechanisms leading to lymphocyte activation are still poorly understood, although it is well known that not only the lung but also the draining lymph nodes are affected. In the present study, we investigated T-cell activation by analysis of cytokine expression in the enlarged thoracic lymph nodes of rats 2 mo after an 8-day silica aerosol exposure. In the case of helper T cell (Th) type 1 cytokines, we found a significant increase in interferon (IFN)-γ mRNA expression, whereas interleukin (IL)-2 expression remained unchanged. In contrast, gene transcription for the Th2-type cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 was diminished. In addition, with use of an in vitro lymphocyte-macrophage coculture system, an enhanced IFN-γ and a reduced IL-10 release were shown with cells from silicotic animals. With regard to IFN-γ-inducing cytokines, we observed enhanced IL-12 mRNA levels in vivo, whereas IL-18 gene expression was slightly decreased. These data indicate that a persistent shift toward an IFN-γ-dominated type 1 (Th1/cytotoxic T cell type 1) T-cell reaction pattern occurred within the thoracic lymph nodes of silicotic animals. Thus a mutual activation of lymphocytes and macrophages may maintain the chronic inflammatory changes that characterize silicosis.

scholarly journals Anti-CD3 Antibody Treatment Reduces Scar Formation in a Rat Model of Myocardial Infarction

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Wernly ◽  
Vera Paar ◽  
Achim Aigner ◽  
Patrick M Pilz ◽  
Bruno K Podesser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Mirna Expression ◽  
Cell Epitope ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Antibody Treatment ◽  
Scar Size

Introduction: Antibody treatment with anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) has been shown to be cardioprotective. We aimed to evaluate which single anti-T-cell epitope antibody alters chemokine expression at a level similar to ATG and identified CD3, which is a T-cell co-receptor mediating T-cell activation. Based on these results, the effects of anti-CD3 antibody treatment on angiogenesis and cardioprotection were tested in vitro and in vivo. Methods: Concentrations of IL-8 and MCP-1 in supernatants of human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures following distinct antibody treatments were evaluated by Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). In vivo, anti-CD3 antibodies or vehicle were injected intravenously in rats subjected to acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Chemotaxis and angiogenesis were evaluated using tube and migration assays. Intracellular pathways were assessed using Western blot. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) were quantitatively evaluated using fluorescence-activated cell scanning, exoELISA, and nanoparticle tracking analysis. Also, microRNA profiles were determined by next-generation sequencing. Results: Only PBMC stimulation with anti-CD3 antibody led to IL-8 and MCP-1 changes in secretion, similar to ATG. In a rat model of AMI, systemic treatment with an anti-CD3 antibody markedly reduced infarct scar size (27.8% (Inter-quartile range; IQR 16.2–34.9) vs. 12.6% (IQR 8.3–27.2); p < 0.01). The secretomes of anti-CD3 treated PBMC neither induced cardioprotective pathways in cardiomyocytes nor pro-angiogenic mechanisms in human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVECs) in vitro. While EVs quantities remained unchanged, PBMC incubation with an anti-CD3 antibody led to alterations in EVs miRNA expression. Conclusion: Treatment with an anti-CD3 antibody led to decreased scar size in a rat model of AMI. Whereas cardioprotective and pro-angiogenetic pathways were unaltered by anti-CD3 treatment, qualitative changes in the EVs miRNA expression could be observed, which might be causal for the observed cardioprotective phenotype. We provide evidence that EVs are a potential cardioprotective treatment target. Our findings will also provide the basis for a more detailed analysis of putatively relevant miRNA candidates.

scholarly journals The Primary in vivo Murine Cytotoxic T Cell Response to the Flavivirus, West Nile

1987 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 2001-2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Kesson ◽  
R. V. Blanden ◽  
A. Mullbacher
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Response ◽  
T Cell Response ◽  
Cytotoxic T Cell ◽  
West Nile

T-lymphocyte heterogeneity in rat: Role of adherent T-cell subpopulation in the regulation of cytotoxic T-cell response to alloantigens

1981 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohan L. Sopori ◽  
James M. Sheil ◽  
Thomas L. Roszman ◽  
William H. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Cell Response ◽  
T Cell Response ◽  
Cell Subpopulation ◽  
Cytotoxic T Cell

scholarly journals Mesenchymal stem cells express serine protease inhibitor to evade the host immune response

Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 117 (4) ◽  
pp. 1176-1183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najib El Haddad ◽  
Dean Heathcote ◽  
Robert Moore ◽  
Sunmi Yang ◽  
Jamil Azzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Protease Inhibitor ◽  
Serine Protease ◽  
Serine Protease Inhibitor ◽  
Cytotoxic T Cell ◽  
Wild Type

Abstract Clinical trials using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been initiated worldwide. An improved understanding of the mechanisms by which allogeneic MSCs evade host immune responses is paramount to regulating their survival after administration. This study has focused on the novel role of serine protease inhibitor (SPI) in the escape of MSCs from host immunosurveillance through the inhibition of granzyme B (GrB). Our data indicate bone marrow–derived murine MSCs express SPI6 constitutively. MSCs from mice deficient for SPI6 (SPI6−/−) exhibited a 4-fold higher death rate by primed allogeneic cytotoxic T cells than did wild-type MSCs. A GrB inhibitor rescued SPI6−/− MSCs from cytotoxic T-cell killing. Transduction of wild-type MSCs with MigR1-SPI6 also protected MSCs from cytotoxic T cell–mediated death in vitro. In addition, SPI6−/− MSCs displayed a shorter lifespan than wild-type MSCs when injected into an allogeneic host. We conclude that SPI6 protects MSCs from GrB-mediated killing and plays a pivotal role in their survival in vivo. Our data could serve as a basis for future SPI-based strategies to regulate the survival and function of MSCs after administration and to enhance the efficacy of MSC-based therapy for diseases.

scholarly journals Releasing the Immune System Brakes Using siRNAs Enhances Cancer Immunotherapy

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mouldy Sioud
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
T Cell Responses ◽  
Cytotoxic T Cell ◽  
Small Interfering Rnas ◽  
T Cell Therapy ◽  
Tumour Immunity ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Dc Vaccines

Therapeutic dendritic cell (DC) cancer vaccines rely on the immune system to eradicate tumour cells. Although tumour antigen-specific T cell responses have been observed in most studies, clinical responses are fairly low, arguing for the need to improve the design of DC-based vaccines. The incorporation of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) against immunosuppressive factors in the manufacturing process of DCs can turn the vaccine into potent immune stimulators. Additionally, siRNA modification of ex vivo-expanded T cells for adoptive immunotherapy enhanced their killing potency. Most of the siRNA-targeted immune inhibitory factors have been successful in that their blockade produced the strongest cytotoxic T cell responses in preclinical and clinical studies. Cancer patients treated with the siRNA-modified DC vaccines showed promising clinical benefits providing a strong rationale for further development of these immunogenic vaccine formulations. This review covers the progress in combining siRNAs with DC vaccines or T cell therapy to boost anti-tumour immunity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document